• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2009

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with the percentage of body fat and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: 886 students of the 4, 5, 6th grade were sampled from 6 elementary schools in Daejeon city from May to June 2005. Participants completed the questionnaire on socio-demographic factors, eating habits and physical activities, and had the measurements of body composition, BMD, height and weight. T-test, one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to compare body composition and BMD among groups defined by study factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the factors related with percentage of fat and BMD in each sex. Results: When adjusting age, height, weight and family income, the amount of food intake and regular exercise including the days of exercise per week and the daily exercise duration were significantly associated with percentage of fat in boys, but not in girls. When adjusting the same variables, regular exercise, the days of exercise per week and the daily exercise duration were positively associated with BMD in both sexes. Conclusion: Regular exercise with one or more days per week were the common factor to decrease percentage of fat and increase BMD in school children. This showed that regular exercise program could improve the body composition of school children.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.287-294
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• 2011

Purpose: Reduction malarplasty is one of the common aesthetic procedures performed in the Orient. We have analyzed effective operative methods according to the pivot point for the osteotomy and reposition of the zygoma for reduction malarplasty after confirming the shapes of the individual zygomas. Methods: Thirty-six patients had been received malarplasty over the last 10 years. The average follow-up period was 16 months. We categorized the patients into three groups according to their prominent appearance features. Group I had a prominently protruded zygomatic body, group II had a prominently protruded zygomatic arch, and group III had a prominently protruded body and zygomatic arch. In the group I, two parallel oblique osteotomies on the body, the middle portion was removed, and with the zygomatic arch as the pivot point, the body was repositioned inwards. In the group II, the zygomatic body and arch osteotomy is performed, with the body as the pivot point, and the arch is depressed medially. In the group III, using the two aforementioned methods, the zygoma was repositioned medially. In each case, postoperative complications and patients satisfaction over the surgery were surveyed. Results: Each group had 25, 5 and 12 patients respectively. No significant complications were found except for one patient who experienced a non-union of zygomatic bone. In the case of group I, four patients underwent a secondary operation. Conclusion: Reduction malarplasty is popular as an effective facial contouring surgery. In order to obtain more effective results,however, the zygomatic shape should be identified, and appropriately repositioned by different operative technique according to pivot points.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.27-36
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the upper body in order to increase a propulsive force in the old's walking. The subjects were each 10 males, the latter term of the aged and former term of the aged. There were three walking speeds of slow(about 5km/h), medium(about 6km/h), and maximum speed(about 7km/h). The subjects walking 11m were filmed the 5m section (from 3m to 8m) by 2-video cameras using three dimensional cinematography. And we computed different mechanical quantities and especially computed the relative momentum in order to achieve this study's aim. In this study, we was able to acquire some knowledge. The step length and step frequency increased in proportion to the walking speed, and the faster walking speed, the shorter ratio of supporting time( both legs supporting time/one step length time). When it was one leg support phase, the torso was indicated to generate the momentum in order to produce the propulsive force of walking. The upper and lower body had a cooperative relation for walking such as keeping step rate with the arms to legs and maintaining the body balance. The opposition phase for upward-and-downward direction of the torso and arms in walking was functioned to prevent the increase rapidly toward vertical direction of the center of gravity. The arms had contributed to coordinate the tempo of legs and the posture maintenance of the upper body. And by absorbing the relative momentum from the upper torso with arms to the lower torso, it had the rhythmical movement on upward-and-downward direction reducing the vertical reaction force. On account of the relations of absorption and generation of the propulsive force and the production of vertical impulse in the lower torso when walking by maximum speed, it was showed that the function of lower torso was come up as important problem for the mechanical posture stability and propulsive force coordination.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of a brown rice vegetarian diet and outdoor walking exercise program on body composition and blood lipid parameters in collegians. The mean age of respondents was 21.8 yrs (males) and 21.7 yrs (females). During the ten-day program, the respondents lived in a dormitory and had three meals. The respondents exercised one hour in the morning (6:20~7:20 am) and attended one and a half hour evening lecture (7:00~8:30 pm) everyday. The brown rice vegetarian diet consisted of brown rice, whole grain bread, beans, fresh vegetables, and fresh fruits contained $2043.2{\pm}112.7$ kcal (97.3% of RNI), 66.7 g protein (133.3% of RNI), 33.6 g dietary fiber (168.2% of RNI), vitamin A (194.2% of RNI), vitamin $B_1$(245.5% of RNI), vitamin $B_2$(225.1% of RNI), niacin (233.7% of RNI), vitamin $B_6$(277.1% of RNI), folic acid (128.4% of RNI), vitamin C (334.6% of RNI), iron (131.9% of RNI), zinc (112.4% of RNI) and calcium (60.3% of RNI). The results showed that there were significant increases in body weight (P<0.05) and BMI (P<0.05) in males and body weight (P<0.05) and lean body mass (P<0.01) in females. In addition, there were significant decreases in total cholesterol (P<0.001), LDL cholesterol (P<0.001), TG (P<0.05), and HDL-cholesterol (P<0.001) in males and total cholesterol (P<0.01) and LDL-cholesterol (P<0.01) in female. The ten day brown rice vegetarian diet rich in fiber and outdoor walking exercise program significantly increased body weight and decreased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in collegians.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1153-1162
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of pregnant women's participation in gymnastic exercise on their body evaluation and pregnancy stress. The subjects in this study were 100 female pregnant adults who were aged between 20 and 39 and resided in the region of Gangbook, Seoul. Out of them, 49 participants got pregnancy exercise, and 51 women didn't. A SPSS WIN 15.0 program was utilized to analyze the collected data, and frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test and multiple regression analysis were conducted. As a result of making a statistical analysis of the data, the following findings were given: First, the demographic characteristics of the pregnant women made differences to their body evaluation and pregnancy stress in part. Second, whether they got pregnancy exercise or not made partial differences to their body evaluation and pregnancy stress. Third, the body evaluation of the pregnant women exerted a partial influence on their pregnancy stress.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.558-567
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• 2019

This study examined the effects of complex dance program(ballet, contemporary dance, yoga) on the body composition, BDNF, and serotonin of delivery women, by providing this program for 12 weeks to 14 women(within one year delivery: seven woman, 1-3 years after delivery: seven women). In the results of body composition, in the main effects in accordance with period, both groups showed significant decreases of body fat percentage. The fat-free mass was significantly increased in the group of women within one year after childbirth(t=3.821, p=.009). Regarding BDNF and serotonin, there were no interactive effects between groups and periods while the main effects did not show differences between groups and periods(p>.05). In the results of correlation analysis and regression analysis on BDNF, body composition, and serotonin, the BDNF and serotonin showed the positive correlation(p=.025). In the results of simple regression analysis, the explanatory power was 17.9%(r=.424, $r^2=.179$).

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of isometric exercise on muscle activity and body balance ability in asymmetrical walkers. Research design, data, and methodology: Twenty gait asymmetry people were divided to unilateral exercise group (UG, n=10) and bilateral exercise group (BG, n=10). UG were performed unilateral exercise for 60 minutes, three times a week, and 16 weeks, and BG were performed one side and then the other side alternately for 60 minutes, three times a week, and 16 weeks. Muscle activity and body balance ability were measured before, after 4 and 16 weeks isometric exercise. Moreover, SI (symmetry index; SI) was calculated from the measured value of SL (step length). Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, a paired t-test, and multiple comparisons according to Scheffe. Results: In the muscle activity, ST decreased significantly in short step length(S-SL) and BG of LS compared to before isometric exercise(p<.05), and GCM decreased significantly in BG of S-SL(p<.05). As for body balance ability, the mSEBT-A difference between L-SL and S-SL was decreased significantly in UG(p<.05). And the respective total scores of L-SL and S-SL, mSEBT-PM and mSEBT-PL were increased significantly in BG(p<.05). Conclusions: As a result, in this study above, it was confirmed that isometric exercise improved muscle activity and body balance ability in asymmetrical walkers.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.451-459
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• 2022

This study aimed to develop a a custom-made dress form for draping using a live model's 3D body scan obtained from an entry-level 3D handheld scanners, 3D modeling software and 3D printing technology. A female subject was recruited whose body size fell under the normal (N) body shape criteria suggested by KS K 0051. First, the handheld scanner reduced the length of the legs in scanning, but most of the scanning operations between the neck and crotch levels were conducted accurately. Therefore, this study was designed to develop a torso dress form. The full body 3D scan was edited into a torso shape using ZBrush® software. Using Rhinoceros^® and Materialise's Magics software, a 3D body scan was modeled so that the user could fit two types of mannequin stands (one with a neck fixation from above and one with an insert from below) to the dress form. The body scan was divided into 9 pieces to fit the printable size of the Stratasys 3D printer Fortus 250mc, and the cross-sectional distance from the center to the periphery was downsized by 2 mm. After outputting the dress form scan file with a 3D printer, the dress form was manufactured by the first covering it with a 4 oz nonwoven pad and the second covering with a single jersey material.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.72-83
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• 2023

Background: Normal-weight obese women have a normal weight with relatively low muscle mass resulting from high body fat. We aimed to investigate the effects of core exercise on body composition, abdominal muscle thickness, trunk muscular endurance, and psychological factors in normal-weight obese women. Design: One group pre-, mid-, and post-test design. Methods: A total of 20 normal-weight obese women were recruited voluntarily. Core exercises were performed for 30 minutes, three times a week for 4 weeks. InBody measurements, ultrasound imaging, and clinical tests were used to assess body composition, abdominal muscle thickness, trunk and core muscular endurance, and psychological condition(satisfaction with appearance and self-esteem). The dependent variables were measured three times: before the intervention (pre-test), 2 weeks after the intervention (mid-test), and 4 weeks after intervention (post-test). One-way repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Although there was no change in the body composition (p>0.05), thickness of the transversus abdominis and internal and external oblique muscles, endurance of the trunk flexors and extensors and core muscles, and psychological condition showed significant differences after the intervention (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings will help develop exercise programs for normal-weight obese individuals that utilize the beneficial effect of core exercises.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2016

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a particular region of the genome containing one or more genes associated with economically important quantitative traits. This study was conducted to identify QTL regions for body weight and growth traits in purebred Korean native chicken (KNC). F1 samples (n = 595) were genotyped using 127 microsatellite markers and 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms that covered 2,616.1 centi Morgan (cM) of map length for 26 autosomal linkage groups. Body weight traits were measured every 2 weeks from hatch to 20 weeks of age. Weight of half carcass was also collected together with growth rate. A multipoint variance component linkage approach was used to identify QTLs for the body weight traits. Two significant QTLs for growth were identified on chicken chromosome 3 (GGA3) for growth 16 to18 weeks (logarithm of the odds [LOD] = 3.24, Nominal p value = 0.0001) and GGA4 for growth 6 to 8 weeks (LOD = 2.88, Nominal p value = 0.0003). Additionally, one significant QTL and three suggestive QTLs were detected for body weight traits in KNC; significant QTL for body weight at 4 weeks (LOD = 2.52, nominal p value = 0.0007) and suggestive QTL for 8 weeks (LOD = 1.96, Nominal p value = 0.0027) were detected on GGA4; QTLs were also detected for two different body weight traits: body weight at 16 weeks on GGA3 and body weight at 18 weeks on GGA19. Additionally, two suggestive QTLs for carcass weight were detected at 0 and 70 cM on GGA19. In conclusion, the current study identified several significant and suggestive QTLs that affect growth related traits in a unique resource pedigree in purebred KNC. This information will contribute to improving the body weight traits in native chicken breeds, especially for the Asian native chicken breeds.