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Local Resistance Factor Update of Driven Steel Pipe Piles Using Proof Pile Load Test Results (검증용 정재하시험을 이용한 타입강관말뚝의 저항계수 보정)

  • Park, Jae Hyun;Kim, Dongwook;Chung, Choong Ki;Kim, Sung Ryul
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.31 no.6C
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    • pp.259-266
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    • 2011
  • Conducting statistical analysis of foundation resistance using sufficient number of well-performed load test results is prerequisite for the calibration of reliable resistance factors for foundation LRFD. In this study, a rational analysis method is proposed so that the proof pile load test results can be reflected in update of resistance statistical characteristics based on Bayesian theory. Then, resistance factors for driven steel pipe piles compatible with Korea foundation practices are updated by implementing this rational analysis method. To accomplish the resistance factor updates, (1) prior pile resistance distribution is constructed based on the results of pile load tests, which loads are imposed at least up to their ultimate limit loads. (2) likelihood function is obtained from the results of proof pile load tests, and (3) posterior pile resistance distribution is updated by combining these prior pile resistance distribution and likelihood function. The resistance factors are updated using the posterior pile resistance following the first-order reliability method (FORM). From the possible results of five consecutive proof pile load tests, the updated resistance factors vary within ranges of 0.27-0.96 and 0.19-0.68 for target reliability indices of 2.33 and 3.0, respectively. Consequently, it was found that the Bayesian theory-implemented method enables the updates of resistance factors in an efficient way when reliable resistance factors are not available due to the lack of well-performed pile load test results.

A Study on Resistor Color Code Identification Using Color Image (칼라영상을 이용한 저항 칼라 코드 판별에 관한 연구)

  • 조영준;신동욱
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 1999.10b
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    • pp.398-400
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    • 1999
  • 본 논문에서는 저항 생산 과정에서 실제저항값과 칼라 코드값이 잘못 표기되는 경우에 이를 검사.인식하는 시스템에 이용할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 본 알고리즘에서는 칼라 영상에서의 효과적인 경계선 추출 방법과 칼라 영상의 명암도 변화 차이를 이용한 저항의 칼라 코드 영역 추출법, 그리고 역전파 알고리즘을 이용한 칼라 코드 판별법이 제시된다.

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Effect of Fe content on the contact resistance of electroplated Au-Fe alloy layers (Au-Fe합금 도금층의 접촉저항에 미치는 Fe함량의 영향)

  • Park, Hyeon-Sun;Son, In-Jun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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    • 2015.11a
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    • pp.350-350
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구는 Fe함량에 따른 Au-Fe합금 도금층의 접촉저항을 알아보는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 Fe함량을 다르게 하여 Au-Fe합금 도금층을 가진 시편을 제작하고 열처리를 실시한 후 접촉저항을 비교하였다. 그 결과 Fe함량이 증가할수록 접촉저항이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

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Analysis of QTLs Related to Resistance to Brown Planthopper in Rice (DH 집단을 이용한 벼멸구 저항성 연관 QTLs 분석)

  • Kim, Suk-Man;Qin, Yang;Sohn, Jae-Keun
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.236-243
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to develop a japonica-type rice cultivar with brown planthopper (BPH) resistance using DNA markers. A doubled haploid (DH) population consisting of 120 pure-lines was established by anther culture of $F_1$ hybrids between 'Samgang', a Tongil type BPH resistance cultivar, and 'Nagdong', a japonica cultivar. To determine the map position of genes responsible for BPH resistance in rice, a genetic map was constructed based on 120 DH lines. A total of 162 molecular markers were classified into 12 linkage groups, covering 1,884 Kosami centimorgan (cM) with an average of 11.6 cM. Five QTLs (qBPR3, qBPR6, qBPR7, qBPR8, and qBPR12) associated with BPH resistance were identified and mapped on chromosomes 3, 6, 7, 8, and 12, respectively, using the genetic map constructed in this study. To analyze the relationship between BPH resistance and agronomic traits, a total of eight QTLs related to the agronomic traits were detected on 12 rice chromosomes. In an analysis of relationships, three QTLs (qBPR3, qBPR7, and qBPR8) showed a linkage with tested agronomic traits. A QTL (qBPR3) located on chromosome 3 (RM282-3023) was closely linked to culm length (qCL3). The QTL (qBPR8) for BPH resistance on the short arm of chromosome 8 also overlapped the region detected in culm length (qCL8).

A Study on the Resistor Array Networks for the Optimum Termination of a Modified Large TEM Cell (변형 TEM Cell의 최적 종단 처리를 위한 저항 어레이 망 설계에 관한 연구)

  • 이중근;강문수
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.157-166
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    • 1996
  • This paper presents the optimum termination method of a TEM Cell, which utilizes hybrid distributed termination resistor array networks. Current stream on the septum, and on the terminal end of a TEM Cell is analyzed by numerical analysis. By circuit analysis, the optimum resistor array network is designed based on the result of the analysis, which assures efficient power dissipation, and current stream traveling straight and uniform. Thermovision photos were taken for comparing the conventional termination network on which each resistor is arranged at regular intervals, with the suggested optimum termination network on which each resistor is arranged for current distribution. The comparison of the results of thermovision photos shows a good agreement with those obtained by numerical analysis.

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Management of the Development of Insecticide Resistance by Sensible Use of Insecticide, Operational Methods (실행방식 측면에서 살충제의 신중한 사용에 의한 저항성 발달의 관리)

  • Chung, Bu-Keun;Park, Chung-Gyoo
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.48 no.2
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    • pp.123-158
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    • 2009
  • An attempt was made to stimulate future research by providing exemplary information, which would integrate published knowledge to solve specific pest problem caused by resistance. This review was directed to find a way for delaying resistance development with consideration of chemical(s) nature, of mixture, rotation, or mosaics, and of insecticide(s) compatible with the biological agents in integrated pest management (IPM). The application frequency, related to the resistance development, was influenced by insecticide activity from potentiation, residual period, and the vulnerability to resistance development of chemical, with secondary pest. Chemical affected feeding, locomotion, flight, mating, and predator avoidance. Insecticides with negative cross-resistance by the difference of target sites and mode of action would be adapted to mixture, rotation and mosaic. Mixtures for delaying resistance depend on each component killing very high percentage of the insects, considering allele dominance, cross-resistance, and immigration and fitness disadvantage. Potential disadvantages associated with mixtures include disruption of biological control, resistance in secondary pests, selecting very resistant population, and extending cross-resistance range. The rotation would use insecticides in high and low doses, or with different metabolic mechanisms. Mosaic apply insecticides to the different sectors of a grid for highly mobile insects, spray unrelated insecticides to sedentary aphids in different areas, or mix plots of insecticide-treated and untreated rows. On the evolution of pest resistance, selectivity and resistance of parasitoids and predator decreased the number of generations in which pesticide treatment is required and they could be complementary to refuges from pesticides To enhance the viability of parasitoids, the terms on the insecticides selectivity and factors affecting to the selectivity in field were examined. For establishment of resistant parasitoid, migration, survivorship, refuge, alternative pesticides were considered. To use parasitoids under the pressure of pesticides, resistant or tolerant parasitoids were tested, collected, and/or selected. A parasitoid parasitized more successfully in the susceptible host than the resistant. Factors affecting to selective toxicity of predator are mixing mineral oil, application method, insecticide contaminated prey, trait of individual insecticide, sub-lethal doses, and the developmental stage of predators. To improve the predator/prey ratio in field, application time, method, and formulation of pesticide, reducing dose rate, using mulches and weeds, multicropping and managing of surroundings are suggested. Plant resistance, predator activity, selective insect growth regulator, and alternative prey positively contributed to the increase of the ratio. Using selective insecticides or insecticide resistant predator controlled its phytophagous prey mites, kept them below an economic level, increased yield, and reduced the spray number and fruits damaged.

The Changes of Respiratory Mechanics by a Bronchodilator Inhalation Under the Variable Level of PEEP in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (급성호흡곤란증후군에서 기도확장제 투여 전후에 호기말양압 수준의 변화가 호흡역학에 미치는 영향)

  • Hong, Sang-Bum;Koh, Youn-Suck
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.52 no.3
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    • pp.251-259
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    • 2002
  • Background : Reduced lung compliance and increased lung resistance are the primary lung mechanical abnormalities in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although there is little information regarding the mechanisms responsible for the increases in the respiratory resistance of ARDS, bronchodilators have been frequently administered in mechanically ventilated ARDS patients. To determine the effect of a bronchodilator on the respiratory mechanics depending on the level of applied positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), the changes in the respiratory mechanics by salbutamol inhalation was measured under the variable PEEP level in patients with ARDS. Materials and Methods : Fifteen mechanically ventilated paralyzed ARDS patients (14 of male, mean age 57 years) were enrolled in this study. The respiratory system compliance, and the maximum and minimum inspiratory resistance were obtained by the end-inspiratory occlusion method during constant flow inflation using the CP-100 pulmonary monitor (Bicore, Irvine, CA, USA). The measurements were performed at randomly applied 8, 10 and 12 cm $H_2O$ PEEP before and 30 mins after administrating salbutamol using a meter-dose-inhaler (100ug${\times}$6). Results : 1) The maximum inspiratory resistance of the lung was higher than the reported normal values due to an increase in the minimal inspiratory resistance & additional resistance. 2) The maximum inspiratory resistance and peak airway pressure were significantly higher at 12cm $H_2O$ of PEEP compared with those at 10cm $H_2O$ of PEEP. 3) Salbutamol induced a significant decrease in the maximum and the minimum inspiratory resistance but no significant change in the additional resistance only was observed at 12cm $H_2O$ of PEEP(from $15.66{\pm}1.99$ to $13.54{\pm}2.41$, from $10.24{\pm}2.98$ to $8.04{\pm}2.34$, and from $5.42{\pm}3.41$ to $5.50{\pm}3.58cm$ $H_2O$/L/sec, respectively). 4)The lung compliance did not change at the applied PEEP and salbutamol inhalation levels. Conclusion : The bronchodilator response would be different depending on the level of applied PEEP despite the increased respiratory resistance in patients with ARDS.

The Change of Resistance of Phytophthora infestans to Metalaxyl and the Relationship with the Pathogenicity on Pepper Plants (국내 고추 역병균의 metalaxyl 저항성 변화 및 metalaxyl 저항성과 고추에 대한 병원성과의 상관 관계)

  • Yeon, Cho-Long;Lee, Soo-Min;Kim, Sun-Bo;Min, Gi-Young;Kim, Heung-Tae
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.270-276
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    • 2008
  • Through the agar dilution method on V-8 juice agar, sensitivity of Phytophthora capsici causing pepper Phytophthora blight to metalaxyl was investigated by using isolates obtained from infected pepper plants during 3 years from 2005 to 2007. By the lapse of time, $EC_{50}$ value to metalaxyl was decreased, showing 1.45, 0.83, and $0.32{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ in 2005, 2006, and 2007. None of 2007 isolates was found to be resistant to metalaxyl. Compared the sensitivity of P. capsici isolates to metalaxyl with those to mandipropamid and dimethomorph, there is not a cross resistance response between metalaxyl and mandipropamid/dimethomorph. The resistance to metalaxyl in pepper Phytophthora blight pathogen was not related with the mycelial growth on V-8 agar medium and the pathogenicity on pepper plants.

Skid Resistance Change by Dirt Material on Road Surface of Concrete Pavement (콘크리트포장의 노면 잔류 이물질에 따른 미끄럼저항변화)

  • Lee, Seung-Woo;Kim, Nam-Choul
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.6 no.4 s.22
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2004
  • Skid resistance is an important factor that control braking distance and secure safety by preventing slipperiness between tire and pavement surface. Decrease of skid resistance at wet condition may cause fatal traffic accidents. Dirt materials such as sand and do-icings on the road surface also can be a factor for decrease skid resistance. This study makes an investigation into influence of skid resistance between varied cement concrete pavements about surface texturing method(transverse tining, longitudinal tining, exposed aggregate surface texturing method) and wearing condition of pavement surface texture(new constructed pavement's surface, wore pavement's surface) using accelerate concrete pavement wearing tester when remains of dirt material are obtained between tire and road surface on PCC pavement. As dirt material on road surface of concrete pavement, sand, calcium chloride and old oil were used with different amount of each cases.

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