• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

The induction of cellular and humoral immunity and cytokine gene expression by synthetic CpG oligodexoynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) has not been investigated systematically in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in vivo. We optimized the proper concentration of CpG-ODNs using an in vitro assay for the superoxide anion $(O_2^-)$. CpG-ODNs induced $O_2^-$ and nitric oxide (NO) production, lysozyme activity, and the proinflammatory cytokine gene expression of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in olive flounder significantly in vivo, whereas non-CpG-ODNs did not produce these effects or produced them to a lesser extent. This implied that CpG-ODNs could stimulate cellular and humoral immunity and cytokine gene expression in olive flounder. This is the first evidence of NO production and the first study on the mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokine genes $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in olive flounder in response to CpG-ODNs. Comparison of the variation in NO production and lysozyme activity to that of other studies led us to postulate that a group-specific difference exists in the immune responses of olive flounder against CpG-ODNs. Furthermore, the detailed immunostimulatory spectrum of CpG-ODNs in olive flounder could be a useful index with which to analyze the effect of CpG-ODNs against the challenge test prior to field applications.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.630-636
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• 2014

To investigate the characteristics of hybrid eggs and larva produced by olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus females and starry flounder Platichthys stellatus males, we examined the developmental speed of hybrid eggs at different water temperatures. The developmental speed of hybrid eggs tended to increase with increasing water temperature. Specifically, the hatching times were 91 hrs, 62 hrs and 43 hrs at $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. The mean biological minimum temperature of the hybrid was $1.3^{\circ}C$, which is in between that of the olive flounder and the starry flounder. In high water temperatureseasons, slower growth was observed in hybrids of the starry flounder which is a coldwater fish.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.286-292
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• 2009

We have constructed a cDNA library using brain samples of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Here, we described the study on gene identification by screening 356 clones from the brain cDNA library of olive flounder. Here, we screened 356 clones from the library to identify genes. Of these, 176 (49.5%) were identified as orthologs of known genes from olive flounder and other organisms. Among the 176 EST clones, 33 (18.7%) represented 11 unique genes that are identical to expressed sequence tags (ESTs) reported for olive flounder, and 120 (68.2%) represented 102 unique genes known from other organisms. The percentage of unknown genes (50.5%) is higher than in other olive flounder cDNA libraries (Lee et al., 2003, 2006, 2007), reflecting the high complexity of brain tissue. Further studies of expression characterization and developmental behavior related to these genes should provide useful insight into the physiological functions of the brain in olive flounder.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.63-65
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• 1999

남해안에 서식하는 넙치의 장에서 이생흡충류에 속하는 Pseudolepidapedon kobayashii 1종을 국내에서 처음 기록하였으며, 넙치는 이 기생충의 새로운 종숙주로 밝혀졌다. 본 논문에서는 P. kobayashii의 형태학적 특징들을 기술하였고 같은 속내의 다른 종들과 형태학적 차이점을 비교하였다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.225-227
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• 2003

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity is a potential biomarker for phenanthrene exposure in aquatic organisms. Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were exposed to three different concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0, uM) of phenanthrene for four weeks. AChE activities in the brain, heart and eyes were documented. Inhibition of AChE activity was found significant in flounder treated with a concentration greater than $1.0 {\mu}M$ of phenanthrene. This indicates that a chronic exposure to phenanthrene induces damage in various organs (brain, heart and eyes) and changes of AChE activities might be a useful biomarker to assess the impacts induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Evidence from this study confirms that the measurement of AChE in the brain and eyes of flounder is a valuable tool that along with other biomarkers can maximize an ecotoxicologists' confidence in assessing the impacts of oil and PAH pollution in the aquatic environment.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2017

급격한 수온의 변화는 어류의 생리학적인 측면에서 스트레스를 유발한다. 본 연구에서는 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)로부터 각 수온별(9, 12, 15, 18 및 21℃) 조건에 따라 24 및 48시간 동안 노출시킨 후에, 혈액생리학적 분석, 스트레스 단백질로 알려진 Hsp70 mRNA 발현 및 산소 소비량을 조사하였다. 혈액학적 분석에서 hematocrit (Ht) 및 hemoglobin (Hb), 혈장 코티졸 및 글루코스의 변화, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 및 alanine aminotransferase (ALT), NH₃, 삼투질농도(osmolality) 및 총단백질(total protein, TP)은 9℃ 및 12℃에서 다른 수온별 실험구에 비해 대부분의 항목에서 유의적인 차이를 보였다. Hsp70 mRNA 발현은 9℃ 및 12℃에서 다른 실험구에 비해 높은 발현량을 확인하였고, 산소소비량은 9℃ 및 12℃에서 21℃에 비해 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 넙치 종자의 장거리 수송을 위한 수온자료로 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2010

이 연구는 양식산 넙치의 성장단계별 및 계절에 따른 생리학적 반응과 혈액학적 요소들을 파악하고자 하였으며, 분석된 항목으로는 hematocrit, red blood cell, hemoglobin, 글루코스, 콜레스테롤, 총단백질, AST, ALT, $Na^+,\;K^+,\;Cl^-,\;Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+}$, osmolality, 코티졸 및 $T_3$였다. 성장단계별 혈액학적 성상에 있어 $T_3$는 어류의 크기가 클수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 반면, 콜레스테롤은 어체의 크기가 클수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 계절별 혈액학적 성상에 있어 Ht와 RBC는 가을에 가장 높은 수준을 나타냈다. 코티졸은 모든 그룹에서 $2.2{\pm}0.4{\sim}4.3{\pm}1.9ng/m{\ell}$의 농도를 보였다. 나머지 혈액학적 요소는 성장단계별, 계절별로 특이한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 본 연구에서 분석 비교한 각종 혈액학적 요소의 측정값은 양식산 넙치의 생리활성 평가에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.464-470
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• 2020

This study was conducted to replace fish meal (FM) with three plant proteins (soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, and wheat gluten) in diets for growing olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The control diet was formulated to contain 65% sardine FM and four other replacement diets were formulated to replace FM with the plant proteins by 25, 30, 35 and 40% (designated FM25, FM30, FM35 and FM40, respectively). The replacement diets were added with three essential amino acids (lysine, methionine and threonine) to meet their requirements for the fish. Olive flounder (initial average weight, 96.8±0.2 g) were randomly distributed into 20 tanks (425 L each) at a density of 25 fish per tank. Four replicate groups of fish were fed one of the diets two times daily for 15 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, no significant differences were found among all the fish groups in growth performance, feed utilization, nonspecific immune responses and hematological health parameters. Thus, this result indicates that the plant proteins with the three limiting amino acids could replace FM up to 40% in diets for growing olive flounder.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 1999

The effects of sparp changes of water temperature (WT) on the stree response and physiological change of the cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were examined by manipulating WT (3 patterns) in a running seawater culture system. In the first group (Exp. I), the WT was decreased from 18$^{\circ}C$ to 11$^{\circ}C$ within 6 hours and increased back to the original WT quickly. WT was decreased from 2$0^{\circ}C$ to 11$^{\circ}C$ within 5 hours and main-tained at 11$^{\circ}C$ for 10 hours. and then increased to 2$0^{\circ}C$ in the second group (Exp. II). In the third group(Exp. III) WT was decreased to 11$^{\circ}C$ within 5 hours (type A) or 10 hrs. (type B). In Exp. I and III, the level of serum cortisol was increased from 2.5$\pm$0.3 ng/ml and 2.6$\pm$0.9 ng/ml to 13.6$\pm$3.0 ng/ml and 12.4$\pm$3.2ng/ml, respectively, with WT decrease. However, no consistent tendency in the change of serum glucose level was shown according to WT decrease. In Exp. III, the glucose level of fish in type A was decreased until 5 hours and increased at 7 hours, then decreased until 12 hours where as the glucose level in type B was decreased until 5 hours and stayed at the level of 15.7 mg/dl. The serum osmolality was reduced with WT decrease and the response of serum electrolytes in this experiment conflicted, and a tendency in total protein, AST and ALT was not found following WT decrease. In conclusion, olive flounder responded to the stress caused by WT decrease and acclimated to this condition when the lower temperature was maintained. But there was no stress response in the blood of olive flounder when WT was increased. On the other hand, the degree of stress response in olive flounder was various according to the range and gradient of WT change.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2016

This experiment investigated changes in metabolic rate (MO₂), critical oxygen saturation (S_crit), and blood chemistry of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus exposed to progressive hypoxia and returned to normoxic water at 20°C. The normoxic standard metabolic rate (SMR) and routine metabolic rate (RMR) were 69.5-83.9 and 70.2-156.4 mg O₂ kg^-1h^-1, respectively based on fish weight. S_crit was 31.0% dissolved oxygen (DO) at 20°C. After returning the fish to 70% DO following exposure to hypoxia (20% DO), MO₂ increased two-fold compared to the normoxic SMR and then decreased into the range of the RMR with time. Blood PO₂ and plasma lactate decreased significantly after exposure to hypoxia (20% DO) and then increased as ambient oxygen saturation decreased. Cortisol levels increased as ambient oxygen saturation decreased, but the levels decreased rapidly in the range of the normoxic control when the fish were returned to ambient water with 70% DO. Plasma glucose levels increased when the fish were returned to normoxic water after exposure to a progressively more hypoxic condition.