• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2008

Recently, obesity has become a worldwide public health concern and the use of anorectic drugs has drastically increased. In this study, sibutramine and phendimetrazine, representative marketed anorectics, were repeatedly administered per os on a daily basis into C57BL/6 mice and the effects of these drugs on food intakes, body weight changes and gene expression profiles were monitored for up to following 7 days. Methamphetamine, which has a potent anorectic effect, was used as a positive control. Anorectic effects were sustained only for two days by phendimetrazine or methamphetamine, but for six days by sibutramine. The modulations of gene expressions in the hypothalamus and the striatum were investigated using microarrays on day 2 and day 7 post-administration, which corresponded to the anorectic period and a return of appetite respectively, for all three drugs tested. Differences in overall gene expression profiles in the stratum on day 2 for sibutramine and phendimetrazine seems to reflect difference between the two in terms of the onsets of drug tolerance. According to microarray findings, the Ankrd26 gene appears to have an important anorectic role, whereas the up-regulation of the olfaction system appeared to be involved in the drug tolerance of anorectics. The microarray data presented in this study demonstrates the usefulness of gene expression analysis for gathering information on the efficacy and safety of anorectic drugs.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 2013

Background: Olfactory dysfunction, including anosmia and hyposmia is difficult to treat. Although the mechanism is not well known, stellate ganglion block (SGB) is used to treat olfactory dysfunction. There are no prior studies on the long-term effects of SGB on olfactory dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the continuity of therapeutic effects and patient satisfaction with SGB treatment. Methods: This was a follow-up study carried out via a telephonic survey. The olfactory function of the patient was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). We checked VAS three times: VAS-I (pre-treatment VAS), VAS-A (post-treatment VAS), and VAS-C (VAS at follow up telephone survey). We divided the subjects into 2 groups according to their responsiveness to SGB: the responsive (R group) and the unresponsive groups (UR group). Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a Likert scale. Results: Out of the 40 subjects, 37 responded to the telephone survey. In the UR group, there was difference in the olfactory function. However, in the R group, there were significant VAS differences; VAS-I was $9.6{\pm}0.7$, VAS-A was $5.1{\pm}4.2$, and VAS-C was $2.7{\pm}$2.7 (P < 0.05). On the Likert scale, patient satisfaction was as follows: grade 1, 17 patients (45.9%); grade 2, 6 patients (16.2%); grade 3, 6 patients (16.2%); and grade 4, 8 patients (21.6%). Conclusions: SGB is a safe, long-lasting, and effective therapeutic modality for olfactory dysfunction treatment.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.1728-1731
• /
• 2006

To develop the Korean Standard Differentiation of the Symptoms and sings, We investigate concordance rate of symptoms between Korean Medicine Doctors. Two Korean medicine doctor surveyed symptoms with the Korean Standard Differentiation of the symptoms and sings for the Stroke(KSDS) case report form in stroke patients within 1 month of onset. The concordance rate of inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, and pulse feeling and palpitation are respectively 0.79, 0.90, 0.91,0.80. The study of inspection, pulse feeling and palpitation will be continued to evaluate concordance rate.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2019

Steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm powder (SMSP) is a natural food containing a large amount of various functional materials and has various health promoting effects. SMSP is known to increase the life expectancy and healthspan, simultaneously. The accomplishment of extension of healthspan should be possible to achieve by activating various signaling pathways delaying aging in various tissues, not by regulating only a few signaling pathways. Consistent with this notion, SMSP increased the resistant to Parkinson disease by enhancing olfaction and mitochondrial activity in neurons of animal models. In addition, SMSP could enhance the gastrointestinal functions. The animals consumed SMSP showed enhanced alcohol metabolisms, reduced cholesterols in bloods, increased resistance to carcinogens causing liver cancers, and protective effects in alcohol induced stomach ulcers. Furthermore, SMSP was also effective in appearance. The SMSP consumed animals showed reduced skin pigmentations and more hair growth compared with control animals. Taken together, the functional enhancement effects of SMSPs in various tissues and organs, which have been discovered to date, are combined to extend healthspan. Therefore, SMSP can be regarded as calorie restriction mimetics. Further studies in the health promoting effects of SMSP will contribute to identifying new applicable diseases, resulted in increased sales of SMSP and incomes of sericulture farmers.

• 감성과학
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.73-92
• /
• 2020

본 논문은 시각장애인의 문화향유권 확대를 위하여 현재 비중 있게 다루어지지 않고 있는 감각인 후각을 사용한 새로운 미술작품 감상법 개발의 가능성에 대하여 다루고 있다. 인간의 후각은 현대사회에서는 크게 중요시되지 않는 감각이지만 이는 문화적인 요인에 의한 것이며, 생물학적인 관점에서 후각은 실용적 활용 가능성을 충분히 지닌 감각이다. 본 연구에서는 여러 종류의 향이 후각을 통하여 인지될 때 각각 고유의 색상 및 개념과 무의식적인 연관 관계를 지니고 있음을 가정하였고, 이를 향의 색 지향성과 개념 지향성이라는 용어로 나타내었다. 연구자들은 실험을 통하여 특정한 일부 향에 색 지향성과 개념 지향성이 존재함을 확인하였고 이러한 향을 활용하여 시각장애인들에게 미술작품에 사용된 색상에 대한 정보를 전달하는데 성공하였다. 본 연구를 기반으로 색채가 지닌 명도와 채도 및 더 다양한 색상을 전달할 수 있는 색-개념 지향성 향의 활용에 관한 연구를 지속할 수 있기를 희망한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.309-318
• /
• 2020

Besides respiratory infection, COVID-19 has many neurological symptoms not only loss of smell and taste but also fatigue and brain fog. But it is a challenge to treat the neurological symptoms especially of anosmia and ageusia. In order to search for the therapeutic methods, the geographical diversity and pathological mechanisms of the COVID-19 and two symptoms were investigated from the latest clinical studies. Because the environmental conditions of the monsoon climate zone of East Asia and the Mediterranean and Oceanic climate zone of Italy, Britain, United States and tropical Brazil are different, each of diverse etiology and internal milieu should be considered differently in the treatment. SARS-CoV-2 exhibits the dampness-like characteristics and the olfactory and gustatory disorders are particularly more common than other flu or cold. and it tends to show features of damaging the lung qi of olfaction and heart-spleen qi of gustation. The mechanisms of olfactory and gustatory loss are various according to precursory, inflammatory, non-inflammatory and sequelar forms, so the therapeutic method should be designed for each period and pathology. If the process of inflammation arises from nasal and respiratory, olfactory epithelium to the central nervous structure by way of blood brain barrier, the treatment should be corresponded with the stage and depth of pathogen place. And if the olfactory loss is asymptomatic or in the initial stage, it can be applied intranasal topical scent therapy to relieve temporary locking of qi movement, but maybe also used in parallel together with herbs of relieving dampness toxin latent in the lung parenchyma.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.62-75
• /
• 2022

Background: Pollinators help plants to reproduce and support economically valuable food for humans and entire ecosystems. However, declines of pollinators along with population growth and increasing agricultural activities hamper this mutual interaction. Nectar and pollen are the major reward for pollinators and flower morphology and volatiles mediate the specialized plant-pollinator interactions. Limited information is available on the volatile profiles attractive to honey bees and bumblebees. In this study we analyzed the volatile organic compounds of the flowers of 9 different plant species that are predominantly visited by honey bees and bumblebees. The chemical compositions of the volatiles were determined using a head space gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method, designed to understand the plant-pollinator chemical interaction. Results: Results showed the monoterpene 1,3,6-octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E) (E-𝞫-ocimene) was the dominating compound in most flowers analyzed, e.g., in proportion of 60.3% in Lonicera japonica, 48.8% in Diospyros lotus, 38.4% Amorpha fruticosa and 23.7% in Robinia pseudoacacia. Ailanthus altissima exhibited other monoterpenes such as 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol (𝞫-linalool) (39.1%) and (5E)-3,5-dimethylocta-1,5,7-trien-3-ol (hotrienol) (32.1%) as predominant compounds. Nitrogen containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were occurring principally in Corydalis speciosa; 1H-pyrrole, 2,3-dimethyl- (50.0%) and pyrimidine, 2-methyl- (40.2%), and in Diospyros kaki; 1-triazene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl (40.5%). Ligustrum obtusifolium flower scent contains isopropoxycarbamic acid, ethyl ester (21.1%) and n-octane (13.4%) as major compounds. In Castanea crenata the preeminent compound is 1-phenylethanone (acetophenone) (46.7%). Conclusions: Olfactory cues are important for pollinators to locate their floral resources. Based on our results we conclude monoterpenes might be used as major chemical mediators attractive to both honey bees and bumblebees to their host flowers. However, the mode of action of these chemicals and possible synergistic effects for olfaction need further investigation.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.153-159
• /
• 2022

한국 고유종 눈동자개 Pseudobagrus koreanus 후각기관과 서식처 환경, 생태적 습성의 연관성, 유연종들과의 특징 비교를 위해 실체현미경, 광학현미경, 주사전자현미경하에서 형태 및 조직학적 실험을 진행하였다. 후각기관의 외부 형태는 주둥이 끝에 위치한 튜브형의 전비공과 비수염(nasal barbel) 뒤쪽 기부에 위치한 틈새형(slit)의 후비공으로 구성된다. 내부의 비강에는 비선(raphe)을 중심으로 방사형 또는 서로 평행하게 배열된 많은 수의 후판으로 구성된 로제트 구조를 나타낸다. 후판에는 후감각뉴런, 지지세포, 기저세포와 림프구, 형질세포로 구성된 감각상피와 층상상피세포, 점액세포, 림프구로 구성된 비감각상피가 확인되었다. 그중 1) 41~43 (n=20)의 후판, 2) 림프구, 형질세포, 3) 중성 다당류 점액을 보유한 점액세포는 다소 정체된 유속의 서식처 환경, 후각 의존적인 야생성의 생태적 습성, 다른 유연 메기목 어류들과 비교되는 분류학적 특징으로 사료된다.

• 한국HCI학회논문지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.29-41
• /
• 2015

3D 디스플레이, 진동, 서라운드 음향 등 다양한 감각자극을 활용한 영상실감 기술이 상용화되었으나, 후각을 사용한 영상의 실감향상에 대해서는 아직 뚜렷한 진전이 없다. 후각은 인간의 정서와 강하게 연합되어 있기 때문에, 이를 잘 활용한다면 높은 수준의 실감향상이 가능할 것으로 기대할 수 있다. 본 연구는 영상에 냄새를 암시하는 뚜렷한 대상(커피, 꽃 등)이 존재하지 않을 때, 영상의 색온도와 관련이 높은 향의 제시가 영상의 실감향상에 미치는 효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 48가지 향을 수집하여 1,500K (따뜻한) ~ 15,000K (차가운)의 색온도 척도를 통해 향과 색온도의 매칭을 실시하여, 따뜻한 혹은 차가운 색온도와 뚜렷한 매칭을 보인 향 8개 (따뜻한 향 4개, 차가운 향 4개)를 선정하였다 (실험 1). 이를 토대로 이미지와 영상에 따뜻한 (3,000K), 중립적인 (6,500K) 혹은 차가운 (14,000K) 색온도를 적용한 후, 따뜻한 혹은 차가운 향을 제시하여 향과 색온도의 일치도 (일치, 불일치, 중립)에 따라 실감이 얼마나 향상되는지 참가자들에게 7점 척도로 평정하게 하였다 (실험 2-3). 그 결과 향과 색온도가 일치할 때 참가자들은 불일치하거나 중립적일 때 보다 이미지와 영상의 실감을 더 높게 평가하였다. 본 연구는 영상에 후각 정보를 가진 구체적 대상이 없을 때에도 색온도 감성과 일치하는 향을 제공함으로써 영상실감 향상이 가능하다는 것을 보여준다는 점에서 중요한 실용적 가치가 있다.

• 한국HCI학회논문지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.9-19
• /
• 2013

시청각정보를 통한 영상미디어의 실감향상에 대해서는 많은 진보가 이루어져 왔다. 반면 영상실감을 위한 후각정보의 제시는 기술적 구현과 통제가 어려워 관련연구를 찾아보기 힘들다. 본 연구는 영상실감을 위해 후각정보를 제시하고자 할 때 필요한 기초자료를 획득하기 위해, 영상에 존재하는 후각정보에 대한 사용자 지각을 조사한 후 이에 근거하여 다양한 영상을 분류한 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 영상에 냄새가 존재하는지 (냄새존재여부), 영상과 함께 해당 냄새를 경험하고 싶은지 (냄새제시선호), 해당 냄새가 내가 좋아하는 냄새인지 (냄새자체선호), 해당 냄새가 제시된다면 강도는 어느 정도면 좋을지 (냄새제시강도), 그리고 영상 속의 냄새가 얼마나 구체적인지 (냄새의 구체성)라는 다섯 가지 질문을 선정하였다. 이 질문들에 대해 높은 혹은 낮은 평정을 받을 만한 다양한 장르의 영상을 수집한 다음, 참가자들에게 하나씩 시청하게 한 후 위의 다섯 가지 질문에 대해 7점 척도로 평정하게 하였다. 영상분류를 위해 위 다섯 가지 질문을 2개씩 쌍으로 묶은 후, 각 질문에 대한 평정값을 2차원 평면의 X-Y축으로 설정하여 영상산포도를 구성하였다. 산포도를 통해 드러난 영상군집과 그 형태는 해당 영상군집이 가진 특성에 대한 통찰을 제공함과 동시에 영상실감을 위한 후각정보 제시에 중요한 시사점을 줄 것으로 기대한다.