• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.139-145
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• 2009

This study concerned with the characteristics and causes of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) for employees aged 50 years or older. In order to do this, based on 8,011 accident analysis reports, we analyzed the differences of characteristics between groups under 50 years and 50 years or more in terms of gender, occupation, duration of employment, part of body, industry, size of business and work-related factors. Results show that the distributions of the injuries aged 50 years or older are statistically different from those of the injuries under 50 years. Also, older employees have high relationship between repetition, or contact stress/vibration and upper extremity MSDs. These findings can be used to develop more effective MSD prevention programs for older employees.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2021

Background: The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationships musculoskeletal pains with combined vulnerability in terms of age, gender, and employment status Methods: The fifth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) in 2010 (43,816 participants aged 15 years and over) analyzed for European employees and the third Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) in 2011 (50,032 participants aged 15 years and older) analyzed for Korean employees. In this study, three well known vulnerable factors to musculoskeletal pains (older age, female gender, and precarious employment status) were combined and defined as combined vulnerability. Associations of musculoskeletal pains with combined vulnerability were assessed with prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated by Poisson regression models with robust estimates of variance. Results: The prevalences of musculoskeletal pains were lower but the absolute and relative differences between combined vulnerabilities were higher among Korean employees compared with the European employees. Furthermore, the increased risk of having musculoskeletal pains according to combined vulnerability was modestly explained by socioeconomic factors and exposure to ergonomic risk factors, especially in Republic of Korea. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the labor market may be more unfavorable for female and elderly workers in Republic of Korea. Any prevention strategies to ward off musculoskeletal pains, therefore, should be found and implemented to mitigate or buffer against the most vulnerable work population, older, female, and precarious employment status, in Republic of Korea.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.407-418
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose was to examine the level of perceived stress, lifestyle, and health status indicators and identify the relationships among them in medical center employees. Method: This study utilized data from Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, health survey developed by National Health Insurance Corporation, and laboratory tests (such as liver enzyme or lipid profile) on 873 medical center employees. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 program through descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, independent t-test, ANOVA and ANCOVA. Results: Perceived stress was relatively high, but lifestyle and health status indicators were good. Age, gender, and job were significantly related to perceived stress, life style, and health status indicators: younger employees, men, nurses reported higher stress; older employees, men and medical technicians reported worse life style; older employees, men and doctors showed more abnormal health status indicators. There was a significant relationship between perceived stress and life style: the higher the level of stress was, the more drinking or the more smoking they had. However, there was no clear relationship between perceived stress and health status indicators. Conclusion: Although the subjects' lifestyle and health status indicators were relatively good, their perceived stress was seriously high. Therefore, programs for reducing stress are necessary for medical center employees.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.31-65
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• 2015

This paper examines why older wage workers leave their jobs and what determine the hazard of retirement. Major results are as follows. First, aged workers leaving their jobs because of formal mandatory retirement are relatively few in number and largely males employed in large establishments. Second, a higher hourly wage is associated with a greater retirement hazard, especially among male employees of large firms. Third, informal mandatory retirement puts a strong pressure towards retirement among older female workers. Fourth, poor health is the primary reason for retirement among older workers, especially for females and small-firm employees. Finally, reasonable hours and greater flexibility of work tend to lower retirement hazard. We discuss some implications of the results for old-age labor market policies.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.687-699
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• 2001

This study intended to survey whether or not hotel employees were satisfied with their uniforms. Through this study we hoped that the study will bring about improvement in hotel employees'uniforms. We also hope to offer desirable alternatives if dissatisfaction is shown. The study results are as following: 1. 59.2% of employees indicated that they were comfortable and felt a sense of belonging when wearing their uniforms. 2. 46.1% of employees asked, stated that their uniform identified which hotel they were employed at. 59.2% of employees gave average credit that the uniforms which they were shown the various positions held within at a hotel. 3. Woman believed more strongly than men that their uniforms distinguish them from other hotels. Older people were more positive about it than younger people were. 4. 55.3% of employees felt that improvement in uniforms was necessary. 22.4% of employees were satisfied with the uniform they wear, therefore generally the level of dissatisfaction is quite high. 5. 59.2% of the survey showed that they have to improve the design of uniform they wear and 25% showed the function of the uniform needed improvement also. 6. 50% of employees believed that color and design is mediocre. 46.7% complained of bad sweat absorption. 7. Preference in uniform are follows: 78.9% prefer comfort. 63.2% prefer a more fashionable design and also different colors in uniform in different departments. 8. This study shows that employees in the hotel industry would like to consider in the following order comfort (76.3%), design, color, and cost to be taken into account when uniforms are made.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.625-631
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to determine the degree of job satisfaction and need satisfaction of school foodservice employees, and the relationship between Job in General(JIG) and need satisfaction. The six demographic items, the Job Descriptive Index(JDI) and JIG scale, and Need Satisfaction Questionnaire(NSQ) were used to evaluate job satisfaction and need satisfaction of school foodservice employees. The results of this study showed that the employees were satisfied with co-workers(2.52), then supervision(2.48), work(1.86), promotion(0.72) and pay(0.51) in decreasing order. Older employees(Age$\geq$40) tended to be more satisfied in JIG(p＝0.0620) than younger employees(20$\leq$Age$\leq$39). Employees were satisfied in social needs, then autonomy needs, self-actualization needs, esteem needs, security heeds in decreasing order. There were no significant differences between demographic factors and five need categories. When the employees were classified by their scores on JIG, Group I having the lowest score tended to be less satisfied(p＝0.0627) in security needs than Group II and Group III. The information of study could be useful for foodservice managers in job design to increase the productivity.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.323-357
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• 2009

This study illuminates the mechanism of life course on labor status of old age complementing the limits of labor status hypothesis of old age and model of statues attainment and combining them. The main results from this analysis are summarized in four points. Firstly, older men mostly engaged in agriculture, forestry and fishing industry or low-class occupations. A very small portion held high level or professional occupations. Regular full-time employees or employers were only 4.4% while, about 70% of older employees were temporal employees or self-employed. This shows that the elderly affluence hypothesis which alleges that most older men maintain high level occupations, applies to only a few. The second finding is that wealth differentials are sizable: about 20% of older workers own less than 50 million won, while 9.3% possess more than 600 million won. Therefore, it is not safe to claim that most people have accumulated enough wealth for old age according to the elderly affluence hypothesis. This gap being mainly reflected by education level, suggests that the model of status attainment is appropriate as wealth accumulation hypothesis. Thirdly, educational level determined not only lifetime careers, but also labor status of old age. Fourthly, using path analysis, the last finding is that education had effect on labor status of old age through lifetime career and wealth. That is, old men who have low education level had unstable lifetime career and own less wealth. They work in low income job, low social occupations and unstable occupation type in old age. This shows that life inequality continues until old age. Therefore, the inequality of education opportunity, spread of part-time work and small scale self employees should be discouraged. Furthermore, related policy should be provided in order to prevent being caught in unstable work.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 1998

Introduction : In Korea, national attention to the workplace health promotion programs (HPP) for employees began in early 1990s. Governmental supports for the HPP and education programs have given to the employees. The purpose of this study is to find the performance degree of employees' health promoting lifestyle(HPL). Subjects and Methods : For this study, 615 employees who attended governmental educations were selected as research samples. The tool for measuring HPL used in this study was developed for Korean by In-Sook Park in 1995. It is composed of 4-point scaled 60 items and divided into 11 subcategories. The data were collected by self reporting questionnaires from June to December in 1997. Those data were analyzed percentile, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, t-test with SAS program. Major findings are as follows; 1. The total mean score of the employees' HPL performance was 2.66. The average scores of 'harmonious relationships' category were the highest as 3.11, whereas the one of 'professional health maintenance' were the lowest as 2.02. The remains were 'sanitary life'(2.90), 'emotional support(2.85), 'regular diet'(2.84), 'self achievement'(2.78), 'healthy diet'(2.56), 'rest and sleep'(2.56), 'exercise and activity'(2.54), 'diet control'(2.53), 'self-control'(2.52). 2. The factors affecting HLP were category of industries and sex, age, marital status, education level, major, educational experience of health promotion, among personal characteristics. The employees of service industries, female, older age, married, nurse, educated for health promotion, graduated from junior college performed HLP more than the others. 3. The participation rates of employees for HPP were 12.4%, because of limited time and facilities and equipments. Recommendations; 1. The regulation for performing the health promotion programs in the industries is essential for activating industrial health promoting movement. 2. More governmental supports for educations and services for health promotion programs in the industries are needed. 3. For behavioral changes of the employees, the contents of educations have to consist of exercise and activity, rest and sleep, diet and smoking habits. 4. The evaluating studies for ready made health promotion programs in the industries are expected.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to find the ways to prevent the fatigue of the office of railroad employees. Method: The data were collected from the male employees of Korea Railroad Corporation. Results: The mean score of the degree of fatigue was 4.33. The factors that affected the level of fatigue were support from senior officials, exercise, age, work stress, number of work hours per week, alcohol intake and working area. To be more specific, the level of fatigue was lower when the support from senior officials was higher. The employees who did no exercise, who are in the age between 31 and 40, with high working stress, who worked 61 hours per week of higher, non-drinkers were found to have higher level of fatigue. The employees with the age of 51 years or older with unspecified work area had relatively lower level of fatigue. Conclusion: In conclusion, to decrease the level of fatigue of the office of railroad employees, the development of health improvement programs are required such as increase of the support from senior officials, change in exercise and drinking habit, decrease of the work stress and adjustment of the working hours.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 2005

In order to promote foodservice for older adults, foodservice directors in Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs) must identify the dimensions used by residents to evaluate the service quality of dining service. A multidimensional measure of perceived service quality was developed based on residents' responses about their experiences with dining service. A survey was administered to residents in two CCRCs. Based on the results of principal component analysis, this study identified four dimensions: food quality, dining room employee's attitude and service skills, dining room employee's safety and cleanliness, and systemization of service delivery process. A new dimension that reflects residents' concern for the dining mom employees' safety and cleanliness also emerged. 1bis study points to areas of improvement for food quality and dining room employee's safety and cleanliness.