• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 2004

We developed research strategies for measuring functional performance and proprioception. We determined whether resistance training improves functional performance in the older adult, whether resistance training improves proprioceptive sense, and whether improvement in functional performance and/or proprioception are a direct result of the resistance training or a result of movement independent of strength gains. The answer to these questions will enable those in the sport fitness industry and medical practioners to better advise the growing number of older adults about the benefits of specific types of exercise. The will also enable the medical practitioner to prescribe appropriate exercise to those with limitations in functional ability in attempts to restore independent living.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.180-188
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• 2020

Objectives: The Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire is increasingly being used to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Indonesia. However, evidence that it is valid for use in Indonesian adults is lacking. This study assessed the validity and reliability of the SF-36 in Indonesian middle-aged and older adults. Methods: Adults aged 46-81 years (n=206) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia completed the SF-36, another measure of HRQoL (the EuroQoL visual analogue scale [EQ-VAS]), and measures assessing their demographic characteristics. Fifty-four percent (n=121) completed the SF-36 measure again 1 week later. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to confirm the factor structure of the SF-36. Internal consistency reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlations. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed by computing correlations among SF-36 subscales, between subscales and the 2 component scores, and between component scores and EQ-VAS scores. Results: Most scaling assumptions were met. The hypothetical factor structure fit the data poorly (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]=0.108) and modification was required for a good fit (RMSEA=0.060). Scores on all subscales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α>0.70) and test-retest reliability (r>0.70). Divergent validity was supported by weak to moderate interscale correlations (r=0.19 to 0.64). As expected, the 2 summary scores were moderately to strongly correlated with the EQ-VAS (r>0.60). Conclusions: The findings adequately support the use of SF-36 in Indonesian middle-aged and older adults, although the optimal algorithm for computing component scores in Indonesia warrants further investigation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.519-531
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Regional disparities in dietary factors might be related to regional disparities in cardiometabolic health. Therefore, this study investigated the associations of cardiometabolic risk factors and dietary factors with regional types in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Based on data from the 2007-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the study included 39,781 adults aged ≥ 19 years who completed the dietary survey and a health examination. Healthy and unhealthy dietary factors (fat, sodium, fruit, and vegetable intakes) were evaluated using 1-day 24-h dietary recall method, as well as the use of nutrition labels with a questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the participants, 48.7%, 36.0%, and 15.2% lived in metropolitan, urban, and rural areas, respectively. Adults living in urban and rural had higher odds ratios (ORs) for obesity (OR for urban, 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.14; OR for rural, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05-1.24) than adults living in metropolitan areas; these associations were significantly observed in middle-aged adults. Compared to metropolitan residents, rural residents had lower ORs for hypertension in middle-aged (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.96) and metabolic syndrome in older adults (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.91). Regarding urban residents, a lower OR for diabetes in middle-aged adults (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74-0.97) and a higher OR for hypertension in older adults (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.39) were observed. Overall rural residents had higher ORs of excessive carbohydrate, low fruit, and high salted-vegetable intakes than metropolitan residents. Low fruit intake was positively associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension, after adjustment for regional type and other confounders in total participants. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that cardiometabolic risk and unhealthy dietary factors differ among regional types and age groups within Korea. Nutritional policy and interventions should consider regional types for prevention and management of cardiometabolic risk factors.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.47-67
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to understand barriers and problems associated with physical activity of older adults in a small town and to provide improvement plans based on socio-ecological model. This study employed three independent phases including survey, accelerometer study, and photovoice. Three phases were analyzed based on nesting design among diverse mixed method designs. Among 134 older participants, 73 older individuals reported that their physical activity per week was less than 150min in the first phase. Among the 73 older individuals, 40 older individuals participated in the second phase. In the second phase, 32 older individuals does not meet at least 150min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) suggested by DHHS. Finally, 6 older adults participated in the third phase. Five major themes emerged including 1) lack of proper information and service regarding physical activity, 2)lack of support from people close to them, 3)some limits due to chronic disease, 4)lack of appropriate facility, and 5)lack of opportunity due to existing inactive lifestyle. Based on these five themes, this study attempted to provide the improvement plans with socio-ecological model.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.406-417
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of computer/internet game play on depression and life satisfaction via perceived self-control among older adults in Korea. Data were collected from a survey of 237 community-dwelling older adults (age${\geq}$65) who reported internet users. A path analysis was used to examine the causal relationship among the main constructs. Results showed that the computer/internet game play had positive effects on perceived self-control. Perceived self-control was found to decrease depression and improve life satisfaction among older adults. Additional analysis indicated that the computer/internet game play in older adults did not directly affect mental health (depression and life satisfaction) but indirectly affected it via perceived self-control. Furthermore, perceived self-control had greater effects on depression than on life satisfaction. These findings have crucial implications in that perceived sense of self-control needs to be seriously considered when we develop mental health games for older adults.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.96-107
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• 2016

This study examined the relationship between leisure needs and perception of psycho-social aging among 1307 older adults aged over 60 years utilizing social services of a social welfare center for senior citizens in Seoul, Korea. A convenience sample of this study was collected for three weeks in December 2012 among older adults via paper survey. Hierarchical multiple regression was utilized to analyze collected data. The present study demonstrated that age, years of education, perception of health status, and perception of economic status were significantly associated with perception of successful aging. However, years of education and perception of economic status were no longer significantly associated with perception of psycho-social aging, when leisure needs was included. Age, perception of health status, and hobbies/entertainment activities and employment/plan of later years activities among types of leisure needs were significantly associated with perception of psycho-social aging. This finding demonstrates that leisure needs influence perception of psycho-social aging. Implications and suggestions to improve perception of psycho-social aging among older adults are discussed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.315-323
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Available data suggest that seasonal changes may influence the nutritional status and overall health of elderly individuals. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of seasonal changes and related factors on energy and nutrient intake of older adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Individuals aged 65 years or over were prospectively enrolled in this single-center study (male: 11, female: 20). Data were collected between May 2013 and February 2014 during winter, spring, summer and autumn. Food consumption and biochemical parameters were taken during each season to assess the seasonal nutrition status of the elderly. Upon analysis of biochemical parameters (retinol, vitamin D and vitamin C), an high-performance liquid chromatography device was utilized whereas an Immulite 2000 device was utilized during analysis of serum folic acid and parathyroid hormone. RESULTS: Fruit, fat, egg and bread consumption varied seasonally in males and females (P < 0.05). During winter, daily energy intake was found to be greater than in other seasons in males (557 kcal) and females (330 kcal) (P < 0.05). Additionally, carbohydrates, vegetable protein, n-3 fatty acid and sodium intake increased in winter, while the n-6/n-3 ratio increased in summer among males (P < 0.05). Dietary fiber and sodium intake in winter, vitamin C, iron and zinc intake in spring, and cholesterol, retinol, vitamin D and niacin intake in autumn were found to be higher in females when compared to other seasons (P < 0.05). Serum parathyroid hormone level was higher in winter, and vitamin D level was higher in autumn in both genders (P < 0.05). In males, blood folic acid level was higher in winter, while vitamin C level was higher in females, and there was no seasonal variation in retinol concentration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Food consumption and biochemical parameters showed significant seasonal variations in older adults. It is not clear if nutrition plans in older adults will benefit from consideration of seasonal changes in eating habits.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.53-77
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to review the literature on music interventions with older adults and to analyze the rationale for the type of intervention and type of music selected. A search of KCI journals for research including older adults and music-based interventions identified 33 published articles, and 23 of these studies met the criteria for inclusion in this analysis. Included studies were analyzed in terms of the contents of the interventions and the appropriateness of the rationale reported for selecting the intervention and music. Each study was analyzed in terms of the relevance of the reported rationale to target goals and the characteristics of the study participants. The results showed that many of the included studies incorporated a variety of activities but failed to include a valid rationale for using those activities to achieve the target goals. Also, many of the studies tended to select music based on participants' preferences or perceived familiarity without thorough consideration of the therapeutic function of music in the given intervention. This study presents how music therapy interventions with older adults have been conducted without sufficient attention to the selection of the intervention and presented music. There remains a need to delineate which intervention and music characteristics should be utilized to obtain particular outcomes with specific populations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.453-460
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• 2018

This study was to identify the prevalence rate of the limitation of activity, the reasons for activity limitation, association with activity limitation and general characteristics among older adults in Korea's population. Data were extracted from the $7^{th}$ Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The number of participants were 1,578 older adults who aged 65 years over. SPSS program (version 18.0) was used for analyzing on frequency, Chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis of the data. The total prevalence rate of activity limitation among Korea's population was 19.6% in 2016. The prevalence rate of the reasons for activity limitation in Korea was highest for neck and back problems(19.8%), followed by arthritis and rheumatism(17.1%). The prevalence rate of activity limitation was statistically significant associated with age and education level, respectively. In conclusion, Age, educational level, and musculoskeletal diseases such as problems related to back and neck, arthritis and rheumatism could be significant risk factors for activity limitations in older adults who aged 65 years over. These findings could be useful as evidence-based data for relieving the prevalence rate of activity limitation and the prevention and management of activity limitations in Korea population.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.593-603
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of early health status on income status as young old adults grow older. Using Korean Retirement & Income Study(KReiS), this study finally included 923 older adults who were fully present from the first wave (2005) to the sixth wave (2015) for 10 years. The results of descriptive analysis show that the difference of income occurs due to the difference of health status at the early old age. In other words, older adults with good health status at the early old age(56 ~ 60 years old) have a relatively higher income level for 10 years compared with older adults with poor healthy status. In multiple regression analysis, the results represent that the better the health condition in early age, the higher the gross individual income, controlling for gender, spouse, and education level. In addition, older adults with good health at early old age stage have higher income level than those with poor health at early old age stage. The difference by health status continues as they are getting old. Therefore, this study suggests several policies and practical alternatives to improve the early health condition and to reduce the negative impact of early health condition on old age income.