• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.43-52
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• 2018

Purpose - The main purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of children's age on maternal labor supply in Korea using survival analysis. Specifically, we focus on the career re-interruption of women having children under age 12, which has rarely been studied in the existing literature. Research design, data, and methodology - We use micro data from the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) surveyed from 1998 to 2016. Instead of using a pre-school child dummy or the number of young children as an explanatory variable, 9 children's age dummies are included to capture the effect of nurturing 0 to 9 years old children. This study estimates the hazard of a woman's exiting the labor market after her first experience of the career interruption, rather than the hazard of the first career interruption itself. A Cox proportional hazard model is applied to numerically capture the impact of children's age on behavioral changes in maternal labor supply. The sample used in this analysis is women between 15 and 54 years old. Most of all, we restrict the sample to women who had at least a child between 0 and 12 years old at the time of quitting their jobs. Results - The Cox proportional hazard model estimates show a strong negative effect of a 0-year-old child on maternal labor supply. Mothers with newborns have a high hazard ratio of labor force exit after the re-entry. The hazard of women with infants is three times higher than those with children aged 10 to 18. Additionally, the results show that not only newborns, but also children in the age of school-entry have a negative impact on their mother's labor supply. Conclusions - The findings reveal that children's ages need to be properly expanded and included when analyzing the effect of children and their ages on married women's labor supply, especially on women's career re-interruption. A large negative effect of 7-year-old children on maternal labor supply found here indicates that supporting mothers with school age children as well as pre-school children is necessary to prevent mothers from leaving the labor market.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.593-602
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• 2008

Purpose: This study aimed to compare self-care behaviors and depressive symptoms between the young old (65-74 yr) and the old-old (75-84 yr) in low-income women with hypertension. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. The subjects of this study were 136 elderly women over 65 yr living in D city. Data was collected from September to December 2007 through personal interviews using a questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS WIN 12.0 Program. Results: Self-care behaviors, functional status, and number of medications showed a significant difference between young elderly and middle elderly. There was a negative correlation between self-care behaviors and depressive symptoms. 52.2% of variance in self-care behaviors of young elderly and 76.8% of variance in self-care behaviors of middle elderly were explained by depressive symptoms, number of medications, and functional status. Conclusion: It is necessary to manage depressive symptoms to improve the self-care behaviors of low-income elderly with hypertension. Depressive symptoms need to be considered in planning hypertension programs for low-income elderly women.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.440-449
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of body composition, and to analyze its relationship to dietary behaviors and life style. The study subjects were divided into 3 age groups; 30' years (n = 78) 40' years (n = 71) and 50' years (n = 44). The data was collected by physical measurement (Inbody 230) and questionnaires. The rate of disease and general characteristics were higher in the 50 year old group than in the other groups. Average amount of body water, protein, mineral and body fat were 29.0 kg (50.4%), 7.7 kg (13.4%), 2.8 kg (4.8%), 18.7 kg (31.5%), respectively. The rate of menopause was significantly different with increasing age. Menopause was 1.3%, 9.1%, 79.6% by age respectively. Body fat percent was significantly increased and body water decreased with age (p < 0.01). The fat composition was higher and the mineral content was lower in 50' year old group. Dietary behavior scores of 30' year old group was significant lower than in the other two groups (p < 0.001). The means of salty eating, skipping meals, fruit intake and food habits total point were significantly higher in the 50 year old group than in the other groups. There were significant positive correlations between age, BMI, waist hip ratio respectively (p < 0.01). There were significant negative correlations between age and body water, body mineral, skeletal muscle (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.01). The results of this study suggested that nutritional management and education for adult women differ by age group.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.25-43
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence middle-aged people's retirement planning and financial preparation for old age. The data was derived from "the National Survey of Families 2015". The samples included 1,462 people from 40 to 64 years of age. The findings from the analysis showed that the level of retirement planning was significantly associated with gender, age, education level, employment status, monthly family income, monthly expenditure on spending to support parents, and perceived household economic condition. When the samples were divided by sex, the results showed that the perceived household economic condition was the most significant factor for both men and women's level of retirement planning. Age and education level were the significant factors for women's level of retirement planning but not for men's. Logistic regression was used to analyze whether middle-aged people made financial preparation for old age. For the whole sample, whether or not a person was a regular employee, monthly family income, monthly expenditure on supporting parents, perceived household economic condition, and retirement planning were significant variables in determining financial preparation. For men, whether or not a person was a regular employee, monthly family income, perceived household economic condition, and retirement planning were significant factors, for women whether or not a person was a regular employee, and retirement planning were the significant factors in determining financial preparation. The results implied that retirement planning is needed for middle-aged people to prepare for old age financially while the financial preparation should differ depending on sex.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.4555-4561
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• 2015

Background: Mammography screening is a method for reducing breast cancer mortality in women over 40 years old. A participation rate of at least 70% is a prerequisite for screening programs. This study aimed at determining the participation rate of women in breast cancer screening in Iran. Materials and Methods: The study population in this prospective research consisted of 35 to 69 years old women in the villages and towns Kerman District, in 2013. The data were collected by a well-validated risk assessment questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed with the help of health workers and technicians in the health centers, who were trained on breast cancer screening program. Results: As a whole, 19,651 women were invited to complete the questionnaire, of whom 15,794 women (80.37%) completed it. In the urban region, of 3150 eligible women 2728 women (86.60%) participated in the study. The acceptance rates for mammography in rural and urban regions were 34.95% and 8.75%, respectively. Conclusions: Finally, 3.8% and 16.34% of 35 to 69 years old women in the urban regions were mammographed, respectively. Conclusion: The low participation of eligible women in breast cancer screening program alerts us against including the program in the health insurance package.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.738-747
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting the baby boom generation's preparation for old age, and based on that, it will provide foundational data to improve the baby boom generation's preparation for life in old age. According to the study results, with regard to their socio-demographic characteristics, their sex, age, health conditions, average monthly income, attitudes to old age, and anxiety about aging may have significant effects on their preparation for old age. In other words, the degree of preparation for old age is higher in women than men, those who are older, those having better health conditions, those with higher average monthly income, and those with better attitudes to old age, and those whose anxiety about aging is lower. Based on the above study results, the paper intends to make the following political suggestions: first, it is needed to develop preparation for old age services appropriately for each generation's needs and characteristics in consideration of their socio-demographic characteristics. Second, it is necessary to provide education for preparation for life in old age by steps and change their consciousness to enhance their attitudes to old age. Third, it is needed to develop and distribute a variety of mental health programs that can lower their anxiety about aging.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.391-396
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to present basic research data to utilize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with analyzing intracerebral regional distributions of ischemic cerebrovascular disease of middle aged and oldest-old aged people. We retrospectively analyzed middle-aged group (average age of 44.2 year-old, 43 males, 26 females) and oldest-old aged group (average age of 84.7 year-old, 58 males, 71 females) who taken MRI screening for ischemic cerebrovascular disease from May 2006 year to January 2008 year. The intracerebral vascular were classified into 8 vessels, which anterior communication artery (ACoA), posterior communication artery (PCoA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), posterior cerebral artery (PCA), internal carotid artery (ICA), common carotid artery(CCA), and basilar artery (BA). The result of middle-aged group showed that more ischemic cerebrovascular diseases appeared in men than women, and it affected in MCA mostly. In oldest-old aged group, ischemic cerebrovascular diseases occurred evenly spaced in intracerebral region of right, left, and both vessels, and women have more than men. For men, the most occurred in ICA and for women the most occurred in MCA. Specially middle-aged group in men showed that more ischemic cerebrovascular diseases in MCA appeared than oldest-old aged group in men. It is suggested that the analysis on ischemic cerebrovascular could be helpful in the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.962-974
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• 1996

This study aimed to provide basic data in designing clothes for the elderly women. The subjects in this study were 230 elderly women over sixty years old. The major objectives of this study were as follow; 1 Categorization of the subjects based on their age and Rohrer index. 2. Relationship between age and body cathexis. 3. Relationship between age and clothing size satisfaction. 4. Relationship between age and clothing attitudes. The results were as follows; 1. Height decreased while bust, waist and hip circumstances increased with ageing. 2. All subjects were dissatisfied with their body changes associated with ageing. 3. The women over seventy years old were more dissatisfied with apparel size than those in the sixties. Especially the women aged over 75 complained the back length and the crotch length. 4. The elderly wowed were insterested in sewing condition, size and comfort with ageing even though they considered color and design as the most important attribute in selections clothes.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.361-372
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• 1994

Elderly Koreans(<60 year old) living in Seoul were surveyed with questionnaire to Investigate their nutritional status and those factors affected. The result could be summarized as follows : Mean energy intakes of elderly men and women were 1,528 and 1,292 kcal, and 79.1 and 65.5% of RDA, respectively. Below 215 of RDA were Ca and vile. A in men and Ca, vile. A and riboflavin in women. Compared with elderly men, elderly women showed lower quality of diet. In men intakes of nutrients were markedly decreased after 80 years old but in women these tendency showed more early stages of ages. The factors that had effect on nutrient intakes were age, height in men and SES, body weight and BMI in women.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.81-95
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• 2003

While Korean traditional culture considers it necessary that children support their parents, a new trend of silver support is expanding by the recent social change, the increase of women's working, and the reluctance to support the old people. However, the number of silver welfare facilities in Korea is short for the demand with limited selections of them. Based on the situation, the following results of the study what kind of policies Korea service for the old people in the USA where early stepped into the aging society: 1. provide specific and proper social-supporting service and facilities with charge or free for the old people to be able to select one of them, according to economic, physical and psychological situation of the old people; rather to prepare service and facilities for all the old people. 2. increasing community service support for the home-staying old people 3. the development of support program for the family of the old 4. the improvement of housing environment for the home-staying senior 5. prepare the housing alternatives for the senior would be home-like environment.