• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1040-1044
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• 1996

A case with a bronchial foreign body(wood) which had an uncommon way of entry through a wound In the chest wall was described. A 41-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of chronic cough and profuse purulent sputum. He had been injured by a fragment of wood which penetrated his anterolateral chest wall at 30 years ago. A chest x-ray film reavealed a calcific foreign body, measuring 3.0 by 1.0 cm, in the posterobasal segment of the left lung. Computed nomograp y of the chest demonstrated a calcific foreign body with bronchiectatic change near the diaphragmatic pleura In the left lower lobe. Left lower lobectomy was performed, and the patient remains well without any thoracic symptoms after the operation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3 s.116
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• pp.79-90
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• 2006

Tamarix chinenis blooms twice a you and its flowers, branches and leaves make the adjustment of tree shape. Propagation methods and growth characteristics of T. chinensis were studied in order to ascertain its potential use as one of vegetation resources for coast forestation and landscaping. The study results indicated that 1 or 2 you old hard wood cuttings showed higher rooting ratio than greenwood or semi hard wood cuttings. One to one mixture between vermiculite and pearlite appeared to be the best for bed soil, and sea sand and silt(loess) mixture was the next. Sea sand and granitic soil followed after. In terms of seasonal differences, spring cuttings showed the best rooting ratio, root number, and root length. Fall cuttings followed after spring cutting, and summer cuttings showed worst results regarding rooting ratio, root number, and root length. The best rooting promotion effects of growth regulators were observed with sea sand bed soils. There was no significant difference among growth regulators in terms of rooting and shoot growth. Low concentration below 100 ppm of growth regulators was enough for rooting promotion effect. In general, the number and mean length of roots and shoots were showed the excellent records in the sites with high rooting ratio. The study result strongly showed that T. chinensis can be considered as a suitable tree for coast forestation and landscaping because of its easy cutting propagation and rapid growth on saline lands.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2015

Zelkova serrata is an important hardwood species for the timber industry in Japan. Tree breeding programs for this species have mainly focused on growth characteristics such as stem diameter (D), tree height (TH), stem form, and branching. In order to fulfill timber industry needs, wood quality improvement should be included in the tree breeding program of this species. In the present study, growth characteristics, such as D and TH, and the stress-wave velocity (SWV), which is highly correlated with Young's modulus of wood, were measured for 20-year-old Z. serrata from eight half-sib families planted in a progeny test site with three different initial spacings. Significant differences in all the measured characteristics were found among the eight half-sib families. The variance components of the half-sib families for D, TH, and SWV were 27.2%, 47.3%, and 33.5%, respectively. These results indicate that all the measured characteristics of this species could be improved by tree breeding programs. In addition, only low correlation coefficients were obtained between the growth characteristics and SWV, indicating that extensive selection on SWV in tree breeding programs may not always lead to a reduction in yield volume.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.578-590
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• 2015

The present study examines the influence of slurry composting and biofiltration liquid fertilizer (SCBLF) treatment on the biomass characteristics of yellow poplar, and the optimization of organosolv pretreatment for sugar production. After SCBLF treatment, total exchangeable cation contents of yellow poplar was increased from $3.1g\;kg^{-1}$ to $4.4g\;kg^{-1}$, and as a result, biomass production of yellow poplar was also enhanced by 82.3%. Organosolv pretreatment was conducted with three independent variables: 1) reaction temperature: $133.2^{\circ}C$ to $166.8^{\circ}C$; 2) acid concentration: 0.2% to 1.8%; and 3) reaction time: 1.6 min to 18.4 min. Reaction temperature was the most significant variable in water insoluble solid (WIS) recovery rate. High overall sugar yield was attained from pretreatment conditions approximately 50% of WIS recovery rate, and the highest overall glucose yield (44.0%) was achieved from pretreatment at $140^{\circ}C$ with 1.5% acid concentration for 5 min. Consequently, 21.1% of glucose and 5.8% of xylose were produced from the organosolv pretreatment of SCBLF-treated 8-year-old yellow poplar.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.201-204
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• 2008

Purpose: Now the CT scanner and PACS program proved to be an excellent instrument for detection and localization of most facial foreign bodies above certain minimum levels of detectability. The severity of injury in penetrating trauma on the face is often underestimated in physical examination. Wood, with its porous consistency and organic nature, provides a good medium for microbial agents. This is a report of our recent experience with wooden foreign bodies in the parotid gland imaged with CT. Methods: A 9-year-old boy was referred for evaluation of possible retained foreign body within his face. One day earlier, he had fallen, face down approximately 1 miter onto ground. He had subsequently undergone an exploration of his right parotido-masseteric area at an outside hospital with repair of a right facial laceration. Enhanced 2 mm axial and coronal CT scans were obtained through the face. Axial and coronal CT images were obtained with a General Electric(Milwaukee, Wis) 9800 CT scanner at 130 kV, 90 mA, with a 2 mm section thickness. Results: We finally decided the linear "gas" attenuation was a foreign body because of its linear configuration, which did not conform to that of an anatomic structure, and on the basis of articles that described a wood foreign body in the orbit as having the appearance of air. We found that wood was hypoattenuating($-464{\pm}27HU$). Conclusion: We recommend this type of software program for CT scanning for any patient with an injury on the face in which a foreign body is suspected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.87-96
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• 2010

This study was conducted to select environmentally-friendly and low-cost mulching material that could replace soil molding which can be used to restore vegetation in an abandoned coal mine area. To this end, we established 20 experimental plots (4m ${\times}$ 10m in size) on the steep, south west-facing slope of the abandoned coal mine area in Hwangji-Dong, Taebaek City, Gangwon Province in April 2006. We planted two-year-old 1,600 seedlings (at intervals of 0.6m ${\times}$ 0.8m) of drought-resistant tree species including Betula schmidtii, Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Amorpha fruticosa, and Quercus mongolica in the plots. After planting seedlings, mulching was applied by using five different kinds of material such as HWAP (Teracotem), peat moss, straw mats, wood chips, and control (no-mulching) and the effects of different mulching material on the survival rate and growth performance were compared. Three years after planting, the survival rate was the highest in wood chip mulching, followed by straw-mat, peat moss, HWAP, and control. The survival rate was the highest in Quercus mongolica, followed by Betula schmidtii, Betula platyphylla var. japonica, and Amorpha fruticosa. Meanwhile the height growth was the best in Betula platyphylla var. japonica, followed by Betula schmidtii, Quercus mongolica, and Amorpha fruticosa. The height growth of seedlings was the best in HWAP mulching, followed by peat moss, woody chips, straw mat, and control. From an economic point of view, wood chips are considered to be the best mulching material. The results showed that mulching without soil molding and/or mixing applications would be effective for restoring vegetation in an abandoned coal mine areas.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.57-64
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• 2003

Small cherry specimens modified with acetic anhydride and formaldehyde vapor phase were weathered by outdoor exposure and accelerated conditioning in a climate chamber. The effects of the chemical modification were evaluated by measuring their weight percentage gains (WPG), hygroscopicity and color differences before and after weathering. The average WPGs of the 72 hour acetylated and formaldehyde-treated specimens were 8.1 and 15.7%, respectively. After outdoor exposure for more than 2 months, the acetylated specimens lost weights by only 1.5%, but the formaldehyde-treated did much more than the formers. It was revealed that acetylation reduced the hygroscopicity and discoloration of wood while formaldehyde treatment didn't. Moreover the longer is the formaldehyde treatment time the more degraded after weathering. It was concluded that the vapor-phase acetylation could be applied for improving the dimensional stability of old wooden blocks.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.118-133
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• 2024

The sapwood portion of fast-growing teak is mostly ignored due to its inferior quality. One of the possibilities for utilizing sapwood waste is to convert it into activated carbon that has good adsorption capabilities. The raw materials used in this research were sapwood of 14-year-old fast-growing teak sapwood (FTS) waste, which was taken from three trees from community forests in Wonosari, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Special Region. FTS waste was taken from the bottom of the tree up to a height of 1.3 m. The activation process is conducted with an activation temperature of 750℃, 850℃, and 950℃. The heating duration consists of three variations: 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min. The quality evaluation parameters of activated carbon include yield, moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content, fixed carbon content, adsorption capacity of benzene, adsorption capacity of methylene blue, and adsorption capacity of iodine. The results showed that the activated carbon produced had the following quality parameters: yield of 75.61%; moisture content of 1.27%; volatile matter content of 9.98%; ash content of 5.43%; fixed carbon content of 84.58%; benzene absorption capacity of 8.58%; methylene blue absorption capacity of 87.73 mg/g; and iodine adsorption capacity of 948.19 mg/g. It can be concluded that activated carbon from FTS waste has good iodine adsorption, which fulfilled the SNI 06-3730-1995 quality standard. Due to the iodine adsorption ability of FTS waste activated carbon, the conversion of FTS waste to activated carbon is categorized as a potential method to increase the value of this material.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.6
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• pp.636-642
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• 2006

To make a new fairy ring of Tricholoma matsutake in situ, the way of production and transplanting of ectomycorrhizal seedlings of T. matsutake using Pinus densiflora was investigated after transplanting from 2000 to 2005 as well as the method to improve their survival rate for the fungus. For the production of ectomycorrhizal pine seedlings, the seedlings planted at the edge of fairy ring of T. matsutake in November showed 97% of the survival rate, while those planted in April showed 80% of the rate. For the complete infection of the T. matsutake, it required more than two years after planting. The infection rate of mycelia for the ectomycorrhizal seedlings was 17.6% when the natural seedlings were used, whereas it was relatively low when the seedlings prepared from the nursery were used. The survival of T. matsutake mycelium reached up to 22% by the transplanting in April, while the mycelium transplanted in October and November showed less than 5% of the survival. The survival of T. matsutake on the transplanted seedlings was the highest in the seedlings having 50% of infection rate before transplanting. Excavation of the ectomycorrhizal seedling to examine the vitality of ectomycorrhizal roots of T. matsutake resulted in the perishing of them. Therefore, the method using a 'rice bag triers' to check living mycelium of T. matsutake without digging of transplanted seedlings was introduced in this study. In addition, it is recommended that the examination has to be conducted at least two years after transplanting.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.139-143
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• 1976

$^{32}$ P was supplied to the roots of stem-ringed 1-year-old apple trees and 2-year-old citrus trees on which bark segments were isolated above and below the ring. $^{32}$ P was translocated to shoots and leaves although considerable translocation occurred especially in wood and bark tissues. The accumulation of $^{32}$ P in isolated bark segments indicated that the occurrence of these materials in this tissue was via radial translocation from xylem tissue, and that the main upward translocation pathway of $^{32}$ P supplied to roots is through the xylem.