• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-72
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• 2017

Studies on the calculation of accident costs include the approach on calculating damage costs covering all accidents regardless of first or secondary party and the one calculating damage costs generated by a single victim. These two approaches have a limitation of considering a subject for costs analysis as a single entity. In addition, research on estimating the interaction effects caused in the relationship between diverse traffic accident features and factors remains inadequate since most studies focused on calculating costs incurred in a single entity such as a victim, damaged building, or social organization in charge of managing car accident. This study intends to identify the expected range of old age where a specific interaction effect would remain, compare accidents between old age section and the entire age section, and discover an exogenous variable to be applied in accident drop effects in senior people and reduced benefits by calculating and testing additional accident costs in case the first party and the second party all pertain to the senior age section. By classifying the entire accidents caused by old drivers according to the types of cars, significant coefficients representing the influence that affects car accidents according to the characteristics are calculated and set them as the representative variables by selecting top variable in accordance with from low to high order. Furthermore, characteristics on five age groups such as a group of over 65 and less than 70, a group of over 70 and less than 75, a group of over 75 and less than 80, a group of over 80 and less than 85, and a group of over 85 are elicited and compared them with these preselected accident characteristics variables, thereby identifying what changing effects come out.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1321-1326
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• 2015

The amount of smart phones has increased exponentially. Due to the periodic release of high-performance smart phones and upgraded operating system, new smart phones become out-dated over 1 or 2 years. In order to solve environmental constraints of these smart phones, virtualization technology using Thin-Client terminal has been developed. However, in the case of Virtual Machine(VM), the applications associated with sensors and a GPS device can not run because they are not included. In this paper, by implementing the device driver for Android running in a virtual machine in the x86-based systems, it is to provide Android virtualization capabilities such as using the latest smart phones in the virtual machine environment. It would like to propose a method that the virtual device driver receives sensors and GPS information from the old Android smart phones(Thin-Client) that actually work and run as if the real device exists.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.203-215
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• 2013

PURPOSES : This study deals with first traffic violations occurred by novice drivers, which may be associated with traffic accidents. The objective of this study is to identify what kinds of drivers' characteristics influence on duration till the first traffic violation. METHODS : For the study, Survival Analysis and Cox proportional hazard model, that are usually used in the medical field, were employed. Survival Analysis was conducted to investigate whether there exist differences in survival duration by each covariate, whereas Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify significant factors that affect survival duration till novice drivers violate traffic regulations for the first time after getting a driver license. RESULTS : The results of Survival Analysis indicate that female, age (less than 21), low-frequency examinee of written exam, and non-crash involved drivers have longer duration till the first violation compared to male, greater than 21 years old, high-frequency examinee of written exam, and crash involved drivers, respectively. For the Cox proportional hazard model, license class 1 acquisitor was found to increase the survival duration till the first traffic violation was made, while male, age of 21-24, age of 25-34, age of 45-54, and crash involved drivers were more likely to reduce the survival duration. CONCLUSIONS : Absolutely, traffic violation is closely related to traffic accidents and all of the drivers should keep the traffic regulations to enhance highway safety. The results of this study might provide some insights to construct safe road environments by controlling the factors that reduce the traffic violation duration of novice drivers.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

Occupant protection performance in frontal crashes has been developed and assessed for mainly front seat occupants over many years, and in recent years protection of rear seat occupants has also been extensively discussed. Unlike the front seats, the rear seats are often occupied by children seated in rear-facing or forward - facing child restraint systems, or booster seats. In the ENCAP, child occupant protection assessments using 18-month-old(P1.5) and 3-year-old(P3) test dummies in the rear seat have already been changed to new type of 18-month-old (Q1.5)and 3-year-old(Q3) test dummies. In addition, ENCAP are scheduled with the development and introduction of test dummies of 6-year-old (Q6) and 10.5-year-old children(Q10) starting 2016. In KNCAP, Q6 and Q10 child dummies will be introduced in 2017 as well. Automobile manufacturers need to develop safety performance for new child dummies closely. In this paper, we focused on Q6 and Q10 child dummies sitting in child restraint system. Offset frontal crash tests were conducted using two types of test dummies, Q6 and Q10 child dummies, positioned in the rear seat. Q6 and Q10 were used to compare dummy kinematics in rear seating positions between Q6 behind the driver's seat and Q10 behind the front passenger's seat. The full vehicle sled test results of both dummies were conducted with different restraint systems. It showed that several injury and image data was collected as the result of the full vehicle sled test. Based on the results of these investigations, this paper describes which factor is most important and combination is the best performance when evaluating rear seat occupant protection for Q6 and Q10 child dummies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.328-334
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• 2020

In this paper I proved that the intention of the movie is to put the reader at the crossroads of choice, which is still in progress, in this context confirmed that the storytelling is very enlightening and popular. This was demonstrated by the thing of making a story the charactor's Affects process itself in the story and a change in the point of view from witness to participant in the discourse. Jang Hoon seeks to reconstruct the Gwangju Democratic Movement through Kim Man-seop, a character who now lives here with trauma. Faced with a sympathetic message from a common and familiar figure around us, such as a taxi driver, it should be said that the goal was to get the audience to accept past gruesome incidents as part of us. The film uses Affects as a way to make the 1980s "Them" become "we" and replace the 37-year-old incident with our modern story. Soon, the film's intention is to turn Gwangju's Democratic movement from "There, Their Story" to "Here, Our Story." That's why popular storytelling was needed and concluded that it was the popularity the film acquired.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.298-308
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• 2020

This study was designed to verify reliability and feasibility by analyzing elderly drivers' ability test tools for older drivers aged 65 or older, which were improved in 2018 and are currently being conducted by the Korea Highway Traffic Authority. Only those aged 65 or older who voluntarily applied to the elderly driving ability evaluation system implemented by the Seoul branch of the Korea Highway Traffic Authority. The research was conducted for about 50 days until Aug. 31, 2018, starting with the registration and inspection of the first study subjects. The analysis performed a correlation analysis with existing tools and cognitive testing tools (MMSE_K) to determine their feasibility and reliability as an improved tool in 2018. As a result, the first, the speed distance, time-space memory, and dispersionism of each sub-component of the old version showed statistically significant static correlation with the sub-factor of the current version. Persistence, on the other hand, was not statistically significant to the current version. The limitations of this study were as follows. Most of the people in the study were highly educated and residents in the metropolitan area. Therefore, it is likely that the results of MSE_K, which checks cognitive and judgment skills, have been upgraded. Also, cognitive tools that are measured by computers are likely to have real measurement errors for generations who are not familiar with computers. Therefore, it is expected that improvement and development of tools for improving the limit points at the site and assessing actual operation capability will be required.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.52-63
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• 2003

This paper investigated Taxi drivers physical subjective symptoms and what factors were interviewed caused the symptoms. The 600 owning taxi-drivers in Seoul during four months from August 1st, 2003 to November 30th, 2003. 1. The average age of the owning taxi-drivers was generally quite high 54 years old. It was very high index compared with the Todai Health Index(THI) and Cornell Medical Index(CMI) of health check tables. 2. According to the age in THI health check table, the complains of mental subjective symptom by reason of age was high among 31 to 40 years old. People who belonged that age group showed high fabrication(L), digestion(C) and aggressiveness(F). The results showed the complains of mental subjective symptom. All items except tiredness(I), melancholia(N), and hypersensitivity(P) were commonly reported by people in their sixties. On the other hand, melancholia(N) and hypersensitivity(P), people in their forties were investigated highly. Statistically, the items of heartㆍblood stream(C) and digestion(D) systems were similar between the two ages, but anger(Q) was different. (p<0.05) 3. From the complains of mental and physical subjective symptoms about work satisfaction on the THI health check table, all items except eyeㆍskin trouble(B) showed strong dissatisfaction. From the complains of mental and physical subjective symptoms about work satisfaction on the CMI health check table, the items of respiratory system(B), digestion(D), nervous system(G), miscellaneous(K), inadequancy(M), and anger(Q) showed similar results. Otherwise, heartㆍblood stream(C) showed statistically different. 4. From the complains of mental and physical subjective symptoms on salary satisfaction in the THI health check table, in the case of people receiving around 1 million won, the complains of physical symptoms showed high among all items except for the respiratory(A) and digestion(C) systems. The eyeㆍskin trouble(B) item showed statistical similarity. The complains of mental and physical subjective symptoms according to a salary degree on the CMI health check table was completely different from the above results. In people received around 1~1.5million won, all items except anxiety(O) showed high. The hypersensitivity(P) item showed statistically different.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.9-17
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• 2011

It is possible to set up the Roadside Barrier which is suitable for Performance Evaluation Criteria by domestic standard. But a number of section of expressway roadside have old guardrail that was installed before reform the guideline. These poor performance guardrails threaten driver's life. There is lots of difficult problem to change old guardrails that are installed 2,777km in expressway of whole road side at the same time. Especially budget problem. The purpose of study is to develop performance improvement guardrails by the minimum reinforcement. In this study, guardrail improvement method(SB1, 3, 5 grade) is developed through crash simulation using LS-DYNA 3D and vehicle crash test. And it's expected not only to decrease of collision accident but to increase safe level. Of course one thing that can't be missing is to reduce a lot of budget of guardrail change.

• 한국노년학
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1087-1099
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to examine how visuospatial ability affects the situation awareness for older drivers while driving. For this study, the Rey-Osterrith Complex Figure (ROCF) was used to measure the visuospatial ability of older drivers. The ROCF is used to measure visuospatial construct and memory abilities, and Real-Time Probes were used to measure the situation awareness with UC-win/Road simulation. Sixty drivers participated in this research (N = 30 older drivers, median = 70 years old and N = 30 younger drivers, median = 27 years old). Based on the results of this analysis, a repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze the effect on each level of situation awareness related to visuospatial ability in driving. The results indicate that the visuospatial ability of older drivers serves as a crucial factor in determining the potential for older drivers to safely continue to drive. The results also imply the necessity of ROCF development to support and improve the visuospatial ability of older drivers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.419-429
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• 2022

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant widely cultivated in China, Korea, the United States, and Japan due to its multifunctional properties. In northwest China, transplanting after 2-3 years has become the main mode of artificial cultivation of American ginseng. However, the effects of the cultivation process on the chemical properties of the soil and bacterial community remain poorly understood. Hence, in the present study, high-throughput sequencing and soil chemical analyses were applied to investigate the differences between bacterial communities and nutrition driver factors in the soil during the cultivation of American ginseng. The responses of soil nutrition in different ecological niches were also determined with the results indicating that the cultivation of American ginseng significantly increased the soluble nutrients in the soil. Moreover, the bacterial diversity fluctuated with cultivation years, and 4-year-old ginseng roots had low bacterial diversity and evenness. In the first two years of cultivation, the bacterial community was more sensitive to soil nutrition compared to the last two years. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes dominated the bacterial community regardless of the cultivation year and ecological niche. With the increase of cultivation years, the assembly of bacterial communities changed from stochastic to deterministic processes. The high abundance of Sphingobium, Novosphingobium, and Rhizorhabdus enriched in 4-years-old ginseng roots was mainly associated with variations in the available potassium (AK), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and organic matter (OM).