• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.83 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2020

Background: In January 2015, South Korea's government raised the cigarette tax, and the retail price of cigarettes abruptly increased by 80% compared to the previous year. This research aimed to determine the effect of this increase on smoking cessation among South Korean smokers. Methods: We analyzed data collected by the 2013-2015 South Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 15,203 South Koreans over 19 years old using regression analysis. We examined the recent non-smoking period of nonsmoking people, prepared according to the survey, and analyzed the recent smoking cessation ratio. Results: Among smokers, from 2013 to 2014, the smoking cessation rate was 7.2%, and it increased to 9.9% in 2015 after the increase in the cigarette tax. In 2015, the recent smoking cessation rate was higher among people over the age of 60 (odds ratio [OR], 2.67) compared to those between the ages of 40 and 49. The recent smoking cessation rate was higher among people with below elementary education (OR, 2.28) and above university education (OR, 1.94) compared to high school, higher for those with apartments (OR, 1.74) compared to general type residences, and higher among those with a household income in the low-middle quartile (Q2) (OR, 2.32) compared to the highest quartile (Q4). Conclusion: This innovative policy including increase in cigarette prices affected smoking cessation, and its impact varied by sub-group of smokers in South Korea.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.103-128
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the family sharing time of housework and to examine the sharing time with family is influenced by socio-demographic variables. The Time Use Survey data collected by Korean National Statistical Office in 2009 is used. Among the total sample of 21,000 individuals, 9,179 samples who are married, aged from 20 to 59 years old and non-farmers are selected for analysis. The statistical methods are frequency, percentage, crosstabulation, t-test, and regression analysis. The following is a summary of the major findings. First, comparison of men and women shows women spend more time on housework than men do. But sharing housework time with family for men increase on Sunday. Performer average is almost same in men and women. Secondly, the family sharing time on housework is longer on Sunday. It is due to increase of men's family sharing time. It means that men's time substitute for women's housework. Thirdly, the influencing factors on family sharing housework are gender, age, education, presence of spouses, monthly income, dual earner status, weekly working hours, gender role atittude and presence of preschoolers. Family sharing housework is not only household labor but also family pleasure time. It means family policy should focus on making family time for workers fundamentally. And family policy needs to make a system of educational program for work-family balance.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.85-96
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aims to identify the influencing factors of using postnatal care among illiteracy women who live in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods: Household survey was done from February 1 to 8, 2013 in the Kwango district of Democratic Republic of Congo, and 400 childbearing women who has under 5 years old children and pregnant women was randomly selected and answered through the interview with a questionnaire. For analysis the data, ${\chi}^2$ test and logistic regression analysis were used. Results: Woman who can read, write and mathematical calculation was 195 (47.4%) of total 411 answers and 161 (39.2%) used postnatal care for their latest pregnancy. Age at first marriage (${\chi}^2=18.481$, p<.001), religions (${\chi}^2=11.165$, p=.011), languages (${\chi}^2=35.586$, p<.001), the experience of children death (${\chi}^2=16.507$, p<.001), antenatal care over 4 times (${\chi}^2=15.315$, p<.001), postnatal care (${\chi}^2=15.558$, p<.001) is significantly different from literacy level. Among illiterate women group, who are protestant (OR=.330), using Lingala (OR=.128), took elementary education (OR=.223) and farmer (OR=.040), used less postnatal care. Conclusions: For increasing usage of postnatal care among illiterate women, new approach method should be considered such as a visual communication method and a community health workers' training program for giving an outreach service to pregnant women care.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.143-147
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• 2016

Breast and cervical cancers are among leading causes of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Regular screening is very important for early detection of these cancers, but studies indicate low rates of screening participation. In this survey we studied the rate of screening participation among women 18-64 years old referred to urban health centers in Kerman, Iran in 2015. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 240 women who were selected using a multistage sampling method. Data collected using a questionnaire covered demographics and questions about common cancer screening status in women. Analysis was by SPSS 19. The mean age of participants was $31.7{\pm}7$. Most (97.1%) were married, housewives (83.3%), had high school diploma (43.8%) and a monthly income more than ten million Rls. The frequency of the Pap test performance was higher in women who were employed and with a university degree (p<0.05). The frequency of mammography performance in women over 40 years was also higher in women with university degree (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of pelvic examination, and self and clinical breast examinations based on education, household income and employment (p>0.05). Our study found that the rate of screening participation among women is low. Investigation of the barriers, increasing the awareness of women about the importance and advantages of screening and also more incentives for health personnel especially family physicians to pay more attention to preventive programs could be effective.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.548-559
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• 2000

This study was carried out through questionnaire in order to investigate the self-recognized monosodium glutamate (MSG) symptom complex in the eating out of housewives. The subjects were 503 housewives in Inchon and the results are summarized as follows. As for age, 51.9% of subjects were over 40 years old. Also 60.0% of the subjects received a high school education. As for occupation, full-time housewives accounted for 63.7%. Monthly household income of most subjects were 1 million won or more, and monthly food expenses for most subjects were over 300 thousand won or more. Also 71.0% of the subjects lived in apartments. As for frequency of eating out, 69.5% of subjects ate out I~2 times a month, 21.6% did 3~4 times a month, 4.5% did 7 times or more/month and 3.6% did 5~6 times a month. The higher education level, family income or food expense of subjects were, the more they ate out. Most subjects selected the menu of eating out according to preference of family. Also 63.6% of the subjects considered the amount of MSG in eating out. As for menus containing high amount of MSG, 55.8% of subject answered Korean dishes, 31.1% did Chinese dishes. After eating out, 25.1% of subjects perceived MSG symptom complex, such as thirst, tiredness and rapid heart beat, etc. Therefore, it may be necessary to reduce the amount of MSG in eating out and to develop safe and delicious menus of eating out using various natural foods.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.493-509
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• 2018

This study was performed to compare the effects of health behaviors, dietary habits, and psychological health on metabolic syndrome (MS) between young adults living in one-person households (OPHs) and multiple-person households (MPHs). The data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), which was conducted in 2014 and 2016 were used. The subjects were 2,682, who were 20 to 39 years old. The data were analyzed using complex sample Rao-Scott ${\chi}^2-tests$, t-tests, and multiple logistic regression using SPSS 23.0 software. Sex, age, obesity, and subjective health status were associated with MS in young adults living in either OPHs or MPHs. Breakfast consumption frequency, eating alone, food label use, stress, and depression were associated with MS only in young adults living in OPHs. Thus, these differentiated risk factors of MS should be considered, when health promotion strategies and interventions are planned for young adults living in OPHs. Also, further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies or interventions.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.167-186
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• 1982

Financial barrier is well known as a determinant of the perceived need for and utilization of medical care in urban areas. This study aims to; a) estimate the levels of the perceived need for and utilization of medical care, b) analyze the reasons for not receiving medical care, and c) determine factors affecting the levels of need and utilization, and major reasons for not receiving medical care. The data of household interview survey in urban areas collected for a National Survey on Reorganization of Nationwide Health Care Delivery Network is used. An interview was conducted with a total of 2, 538 households in urban areas during a 28 day period of October through November, 1981, giving an overall response rate of 99 percent. The results show a factor of third-party payer is most influential to utilization (physician visits by patient), and living standard is a determinant to explain the variance of major reasons for not receiving medical care. Therefore, financial burden is still a major determent in utilization of medical care in urban areas. Improved level of living standard and expanded coverage of the third-party payer such as health insurance and public medical assistance will increase both an overall levels of utilization of and the need for medical care in urban areas in the future. The major statistics are as follows; a) rate of the need for medical care during a 15 day period per 100 persons was 33 percent: the differential rates appeared in sex, age, living standard, and third- party payer variables, b) percent of treatment employed per 100 persons who are wanting medical care was 82: the percents were high in young ages, high levels of living standard and education, and persons covered by third-party payer, and c) economic reasons for not receiving medical care per 100 persons who are wanting medical care were occupied with 60 percent: the rates are high in old ages, low levels of living standard and persons not covered by third-party payer.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.433-445
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• 2015

This study develops normative scores of the Infant/Toddler version of the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (IT-HOME) inventory for Korean infants and toddlers. We selected 482 0- to 36-month-old infants and families by a stratified sampling procedure that considered residency, age, and gender of children. The pass rate, discrimination rate, and internal consistency were analyzed for the item analysis. Statistical validity included intercorrelation among the IT-HOME subscales, correlation between IT-HOME scores and environmental status variables, and correlation between IT-HOME and Korean Bayley Scales of Infant Development second edition (K-BSID-II) scores. Normative scores were prepared by percentile ranks. The results of this study were as follows: First, 45 items were acceptable for Korean subjects with few exceptions. IT-HOME was developed to screen unfavorable environmental factors during infancy; therefore, items such as 12, 17, 23, 39, 44 need to be retained even though they had low discriminating power. Second, IT-HOME subscales were correlated, and IT-HOME was significantly related to parents' education level, household income level, and infant' developmental levels. Third, percentile scores and the median of each IT-HOME subscales were suggested as normative scores. We discussed the normative scores of the IT-HOME to screen the quality of home environments for children aged 0-36 months in Korea, and provide the intervention basis for the at-risk population.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.401-409
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors influencing the regional differences and the denture use behavior after the elderly denture health insurance benefits for the elderly over 65 years old in Seoul and Gangwon provinces. The data was used in the "2015 Community Health Survey". The results of the study are as follows; 1) There is a significant difference in denture use among elderly in Seoul and elderly in Gangwon area. 2) There is significant differences in denture use among the elderly in the Gangwon area. According to the age, household income, basic living conditions, occupation, education level and subjective oral health, There is significant differences in all of 2 areas. 3) Some 16.6% of the elderly in Seoul and some 22.3% of the elderly in Gangwon province answered 'yes'. The reasons for not having the required dental care were the most economical reasons in all of 2 areas. Therefore, the elderly denture health insurance benefit project considering various aspects is necessary.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.292-300
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• 2021

Background: Medication adherence in hypertension is the most important to control blood pressure and prevent major complications. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting medication adherence and to examine the relationship between medication adherence and blood pressure control in Korea. Methods: This study used data from the 7th Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2016-2018) of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. We selected 4,063 hypertensive patients from the data. And we choose socio-demographic, health behavior, healthcare utilization, and severity characteristics as hypertensive patient characteristics. Results: Of the patients with hypertension, 92.3% had shown adherence to medication as of 2016-2018 and shows variation according to the characteristic of patients. The cases with male, under 50 years old, urban area, single household, unmet medical services, less than 5 years of hypertension duration, no comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction) showed significantly low medication adherence. After adjusting for confounders, adherent patients tended to have lower current systolic blood pressure (β=-10.846, p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (β=-5.018, p<0.001) than nonadherent patients. And, adherent patients increased the control odds of blood pressure compared with nonadherent patients (odds ratio, 3.02; 95% confidence interval, 2.21-4.12). Conclusion: This study confirmed that adherence to antihypertensive drugs was effective in controlling blood pressure. In order to more actively manage hypertensive patients at the national level, it is necessary to make an effort to improve the medication compliance of nonadherent groups, such as early-diagnosis patients, young patients under 50 years of age, and patients living alone.