• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.308-315
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• 2005

Aflatoxin contamination is a major problem in several food crops. Aflatoxin, a mycotoxin, produced by Aspergillus flavus has gained immense concern in the scientific world because of its tremendous harmful effects. The study was focused to see the effect of oil and aqueous extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds on the growth of Aspergillus and production of aflatoxin by the mold. Various amounts of neem oil $(5\;-\;50\;{\mu}l/ml)$ and aqueous extract of neem (5 - 50 mg/ml) were used both in the broth as well as the solid medium. Fungistatic (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFC) were found to be $10\;{\mu}l/ml$ and $50\;{\mu}l/ml$ respectively for neem seed oil. At the concentration of $5\;{\mu}l/ml$ neem oil and 5 mg/ml of aqueous extract, a significant decrease in the aflatoxin content was found in broth medium. Aflatoxin production was totally inhibited at $50\;{\mu}l/ml$ and 50 mg/ml for neem oil and aqueous extract of neem respectively, in both treatments. There was significant inhibition of mycelium dry weight by the neem seed oil. Mycelial growth was totally inhibited at $20\;{\mu}l/ml$ of neem seed oil concentration in broth, whereas it was not affected at all by aqueous extract. It can therefore be inferred that the oil and extract from the neem seed leads to inhibition of aflatoxin production while neem seed oil also significantly inhibits the mycelial growth. Neem seed oil thus can be used as potent, natural and easily available anti-aflatoxigenic agent.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.601-606
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• 1993

From the power plants in a steel plant, environment pollutants such as SOx, NOx, CO are emitted by the combustion reaction between the fuels those are by-product gases and oil. To reduce the amounts of the pollutants, it must be important that build the predictive models for the emission of the pollutants. In this paper, the model that predict the amount of future fuel consumption and the model that predict the amount of generated pollutants for the used fuel amounts is developed by using Gibb's free energy minimization method with the temperature correction techniques and neural network back propagation method. For some data set, the calculation results from this models are compared with the real emission amounts of SOx, NOx and result of the calculation by the ASPEN plus which is a commercial software. The result from this model is better than the result by ASPEN plus for this problem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 1983

Tobacco leaves cultivated in Korea, U.S A., Greece and Turkey were analyzed for their essential oils that are solanone, nor- solanadione, damascenone, dana scone and mesa stigmatrienone (4- isomer). Regardless of tobacco varieties and cultivated localities, solanone was the most abundant. Among them particularly, Basma has the highest amounts of the solanone than other varieties. Flue-cured tobacco leaf has much higher amounts of damascellone than burley and aromatic tobacco leaf do. U.S. A. flue-cured, U.S. A. burley and Basma clave much higher concentration of solanone than corresponding Korean varieties, but significant differences could not be observed in other components. The order of total amounts of 8 essential oils in tobacco varieties were as follows; Aromatic) Burley) Flue-cured

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.543-550
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• 1998

From the power plant in a steel plant, environment pollutants such as $SO_x$, $NO_x$, CO and $CO_2$ are emitted by combustion reactions of the fuels which are by-product gases, oil and liquefied natural gas(LNG). To reduce the amounts of the pollutants, it is important to build a predictive model for the emission of the pollutants. In this paper, model that predict the amounts of generated pollutants for the used fuel is developed by using Gibbs free energy minimization method[1] with the temperature correction technique. For some data set, the calculation results from this model are compared with the real emission amounts of $SO_x$, $NO_x$, and the result of the calculation by both ASPEN PLUS which is a commercial simulation software. This model shows good results and can be applied to other power plants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1026-1034
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• 2014

This study was conducted to assess the effects of flaxseed oil and dried whitebait as a source of ${\omega}$-3 fatty acids (${\omega}$-3 FA), which could be used to produce eggs enriched with ${\omega}$-3 FA, and of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) as a source of prebiotics on performance of hens (commercial Hy-Line Brown laying hens), and FA composition, internal quality, and sensory characteristics of the eggs. Dietary FOS increased egg weight. The amounts of ${\alpha}$-linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) in the eggs from the hens fed the flaxseed oil alone or flaxseed oil+dried whitebait diets were higher than those of the control. Hedonic scores for off-flavor, fishy flavor, buttery taste and overall acceptability of the eggs from the hens fed the diet containing flaxseed oil+dried whitebait were lower (p<0.05) than those of the control. Overall acceptability of the eggs from the hens fed the diet containing soybean oil+dried whitebait was lower (p<0.05) than that of the control. However, all the sensory attributes of the eggs from the hens fed the diet containing flaxseed oil, dried whitebait and FOS were not significantly different from those of the control. These results confirmed that flaxseed oil increases the ALA content in the eggs and a combination of flaxseed oil and dried whitebait increases EPA and DHA in the eggs. Of significance was that addition of FOS to the flaxseed oil+dried whitebait diet improves the sensory characteristics of the eggs enriched with ${\omega}$-3 FA.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.565-575
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• 2009

Two experiments in the sequential order were conducted to determine the effects of different dietary lipid sources on the growth and fatty acid composition of rohu (Labeo rohita) and to examine the viability of a return fish oil finisher diet in restoring the human cardio-protective fatty acid profile. In the first experiment, fish were fed either with coconut oil (D1), olive oil (D2), sunflower oil (D3), linseed oil (D4) and fish oil (D5) as the main lipid source in the isonitrogenous diet for 90 days. No significant differences in growth were observed. Among the experimental diets moisture content of fish varied significantly (p<0.05) between the groups. Dietary lipid sources had a profound influence on the fatty acid profile of the muscle and liver as tissue fatty acid profile reflected the dietary fatty acid composition. Increased amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were observed in tissue of fish fed D4 and arachidonic acid was observed in the tissue of fish fed D3. We have also detected the metabolites of n-3 and n-6 pathway in D4 and D3 groups respectively, which prompted us to conclude that rohu, can desaturate and elongate $C_{18}$ essential fatty acids to $C_{20}$ and $C_{22}$ HUFA. A second feeding trial was conducted using the animals from the five different treatment groups for the duration of 30 days with fish oil rich diet (D5). Feeding with fish-oil rich washout diet resulted in the near equalization of all the other treatment groups tissue fatty acid profiles to that of fish oil (D5) fed group. These results indicate that a finishing fish oil diet can be effectively used to restore the human cardioprotective fatty acid profile in rohu fed with vegetable oils as lipid source.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.221-225
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• 2005

An in vitro study was conducted to examine the effect of monensin or fish oil addition on bio-hydrogenation of $C_{18^-} unsaturated fatty acids and CLA production by mixed ruminal bacteria when incubated with safflower oil. Commercially manufactured concentrate (1%, w/v) with safflower oil (0.2%, w/v) were added to mixed solution (600 ml) of strained rumen fluid and McDougalls artificial saliva (control). Monensin $Rumensin^{(R)}$, 10 ppm, w/v, MO), mixed fish oil (0.02%, w/v, absorbed to 0.2 g alfalfa hay, FO) or similar amounts of monensin and fish oil (MO+FO) to MO and FO was also added into the control solution. All the culture solutions prepared were incubated in the culture jar anaerobically at $39^{\circ}C$ up to 12 h. Higher pH (p<0.047) and ammonia concentration (p<0.042) were observed from the culture solution containing MO at 12 h incubation than those from the culture solutions of control or FO. The MO supplementation increased (p<0.0001-0.007) propionate proportion of culture solution but reduced butyrate proportion at 6 h (p<0.018) and 12 h (p<0.001) of incubations. Supplementation of MO or MO+FO increased (p<0.001) the proportions of $C_{18:2}$. The MO alone reduced (p<0.022-0.025) the proportion of c9,t11-CLA compared to FO in all incubation times. The FO supplementation increased the proportion of c9,t11-CLA. An additive effect of MO to FO in the production of c9,t11-CLA was observed at 6 h incubation. In vitro supplementation of monensin reduced hydrogenation of $C_{18^-}$UFAs while fish oil supplementation increased the production of CLA.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2009

Objectives : This study presents a scientific basis for the establishment of an environmental health contingency plan for dealing with accidental coastal oil spills and suggests some strategies for use in an environmental health emergency. Methods : We reviewed the existing literature, and analyzed the various fundamental factors involved in response strategies for oil spill. Our analysis included data derived from Hebei Spirit oil spill and used air dispersion modeling. Results : Spill amounts of more than 1,000 kl can affect the health of residents along the coast, especially those who belong to vulnerable groups. Almost 30% of South Korean population lives in the vicinity of the coast. The area that is at the highest risk for a spill and that has the greatest number of people at risk is the stretch of coastline from Busan to Tongyeong. The most prevalent types of oil spilt in Korean waters have been crude oil and bunker-C oil, both of which have relatively high specific gravity and contain volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. In the case of a spill of more than 1,000 kl, it may be necessary to evacuate vulnerable and sensitive groups. Conclusions : The government should establish environmental health planning that considers the spill amount, the types of oil, and the distance between the spot of the accident and the coast, and should assemble a response team that includes environmental health specialists to prepare for the future oil spill.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.197-204
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• 2012

The vast stores of biomass available in the worldwide have the potential to displace significant amounts of fuels that are currently derived from petroleum sources. Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of possible paths by which we can convert biomass to higher value products. The wood pyrolysis oil (WPO), also known as the bio crude oil (BCO), has been regarded as an alternative fuel for petroleum fuels to be used in diesel engine. However, the use of WPO in a diesel engine requires modifications due to low energy density, high water contents, low acidity, and high viscosity of the WPO. One of the easiest way to adopt WPO to diesel engine without modifications is emulsification of WPO with diesel or bio diesel. In this study, a DI diesel engine operated with diesel, bio diesel (BD), WPO/BD emulsion was experimentally investigated. Performance and gaseous & particle emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by WPO/BD emulsion were examined. Results showed that stable engine operation was possible with emulsion and engine output power was comparable to diesel and bio diesel operation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1978

The effect of heating time (0 to 30 hours at $180{\pm}5^{\circ}C$) on the change of flow properties, fatty acid compositions and some other characteristics such as acid value, iodine value, peroxide value and density of purified edible rice bran oil were observed. flow properties were measured with Maron-Belner type capillary viscometer. Newtonian motion was observed in non-heated oil and the oil heated for 5 hours but non-Newtonian motion was observed in the oil heated for more than 10 hours and at high shear stress. The fatty acid compositions were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography and all the components of fatty acids were reduced in amounts with extention of heating time. The acid value, peroxide value and density were increased but iodine value were decreased with extension of heating time.