• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.141-158
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• 1995

This study was performed to invetigate the relationship between clinical manifestations related to temporomandibular joint sounds and temporomandibular joint vibrations that occurred synchronously with sounds. There have been reported in many articles that joint sounds indicate internal joint pathology. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate type and patterns of joint sounds, and radiographic changes of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) in order to diagnose and deal with the Temporomandibular Disorders(TMD). For this study 142 patients with TMDs were collected and they were examined by routine diagnostic procedure for TMDs. The author classified TMJ sounds clinically into 3 types : click, popping, and crepitus. Transcranial and panoramic radiographs were taken for observein bony changes of TMJ, and for observing vibrations of TMJ Sonopak of Biopak system was used. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Female subjects with crepitus were older than those with click or popping and their mean ages were about 45 years old. But in male subjects, there was no age difference. 2. For all subjects, mean value of maximal mouth opening were above 40mm, which are lower limit of normal vertical opening. But in subjects with L-type opening deviation, mouth opening capacity were about 36mm of range. 3. Symptom duration stated when patient presented first were slightly longer in subjects with crepitus but there were no statistical differences. And there were also no radiographic differences among 3 types of joint sounds in regard to symptom duration. 4. In subjects wih click, it might have been interpreted that 12% had closed lock, 12% had degenerative joint disease, and about 17% of he subjects had normal joints by Sonopak. 5. There were no significant relationships between subjective loudness of joint sounds and magnitude of joint vibrations. 6. The highest value of Integral and peak amplitude were observed in popping sounds and though it was not significant, value of peak frequency was highest in crepitus. 7. Amount of mandibular positional change were differed between click and crepitus on frontal plane, between click, crepitus and popping on horizontal plane in rotational movement, respectively. However, there no difference among them in translational movements.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.14 no.2 s.43
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• pp.41-47
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• 2007

Today lots of investigations on Embedded Passive Technology using materials and chip components have been carried out. We fabricated diplexers with 1005 sized-passives, which were made by burying chips in PCB substrate and surface mounting chip on PCB. 6 passive chips (inductors and capacitors) were used for the frequency divisions of $880\;MHz{\sim}960\;MHz(GSM)$ and $1.71\;GHz{\sim}1.88\;GHz(DCS)$. Two types of diplxer were characterized with Network analyzer. The chip buried diplexer showed extra 5db loss and a little deviation of 0.6GHz at aimed frequency areas, whereas the chip mounted diplexer showed man. 0.86dB loss within GSM field and max. 0.68dB within DCS field respectively. But few degradations were observed after $260^{\circ}C$ for 80min baking and $280^{\circ}C$ for 10sec solder floating.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

To effectively remove chaff echoes, which are often misidentified as precipitation echoes on weather radars, this study examines the relationship between the radar reflectivity and each of dual polarimetric parameters. The dual polarimetric parameters are collected only for the echo areas identified as chaff echoes on the NIMR X-band dual polarization radar. Overall, the polarimetric parameters (i.e., reflectivity, differential reflectivity, cross correlation coefficient, standard deviation of differential reflectivity and specific differential phase) for chaff echoes have a wider range of values than those for precipitation echoes and the chaff filaments tend to be horizontally oriented to radar beams. There appears to be a considerable overlap in the cross correlation coefficient range of chaff and precipitation echoes since some precipitation echoes have cross correlation coefficient lower than 0.8. Therefore, although the cross correlation coefficient is known to be a good variable in identifying and separating chaff echoes from precipitation echoes, it is suggested that additional care should be taken when using the cross correlation coefficient solely in removing chaff echoes.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

In this paper, we discussed the fabrication and characterization of bulk type CdZnTe detector for pocket surveymeter. The resistivity of CdZnTe single crystal grown by the High Pressure Bridgman method is in the mid of $10^9$ ohm-cm. The detector structure is Au/CdZnTe/Au and gold electrode is formed by electroless deposition method. Resolutions of 4.8keV and 2.2keV were observed at 22.2keV line of $^{109}Cd$ and 59.6keV line of $^{241}Am$ at room temperature, respectively. We also constructed the small size pocket surveymeter using home made CdZnTe detector. It shows the good linearity over a range from 1mR/hr to 10R/hr with deviation less than 5%. The sensitivity of the surveymeter developed is $2.2{\times}10^3 cps/Rad\;hr^{-1}$ for the 662keV of $^{l37}Cs\;{\gamma}-ray$.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.79 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for mechanical ventilation in the patients with scrub typhus admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) at a university hospital. Methods: We retrospectively selected and analyzed clinical data from the medical records of 70 patients (32 men, 38 women) admitted to the ICU with scrub typhus between 2004 and 2014. The patients had a mean${\pm}$standard deviation age of $71.2{\pm}11.1years$ and were evaluated in two groups: those who had been treated with mechanical ventilation (the MV group, n=19) and those who had not (the non-MV group, n=51). Mean ages of the MV group and the non-MV group were $71.2{\pm}8.3years$ and $71.2{\pm}11.1years$, respectively. Results: Significant differences between the two groups were observed with respect to acute respiratory failure (p=0.008), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (p=0.015), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (p=0.013), death (p=0.014), and ICU duration (p<0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated that the following factors were significantly associated with mechanical ventilation: acute respiratory failure (p=0.011), SOFA score (p=0.005), APACHE II score (p=0.011), platelet count (p=0.009), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p=0.011). Conclusion: Thus, five factors-acute respiratory failure, SOFA score, APACHE II score, platelet count, and LDH-can be the meaningful indicators for mechanical ventilation for the patients with scrub typhus admitted to ICU.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2012

The interest in 3-dimensional information and its practical use are rapidly increasing and thus some goods with stereoscopic views are being released. Mobile phones, unlike other units, are being closely utilized in everyday life and their applications are undoubtedly limitless. In this study, taking photographs with the stereo-camera of mobile phones has been accomplished and also the possibility of getting the quantitative information has been examined. In addition, this study aims to evaluate the quantitative practical use of mobile phones, evaluating the accuracy of the obtained quantitative information. Thus, interior orientation parameters were decided through the calibration of the lens of two cameras equipped with mobile phones. Using the determined interior orientation parameters, the 3-dimensional coordinates on the targets of the test field were calculated and then compared with precisely observed coordinates. Moreover, the performance of the orientation on the arbitrary building resulted in the standard deviation of $X={\pm}0.0674m$, $Y={\pm}0.25319$, and $Z={\pm}0.4983m$. The result also shows that the plot is possible. As a result, smart phones could be utilized for the acquisition of the quantitative information at close range and small measurement in which the high-accuracy on the basis of centimeters is not required.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.355-362
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• 2015

Purpose: To investigate the effects of the transmittance of diffusive blurson visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Methods: Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were measured by using Optec$^{(R)}$ 6500 in Healthy 30 subjects aged $22.83{\pm}0.50$ (male 13, female 17) who were recruited from university students. Cataract simulator was used as a tool for diffusive blur. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were measured with varying the transmittance of diffusive blur in order to simulate progression of cataract and concentration in fog. Results: Visual acuity was reduced proportionally with decreasing the transmittance of the diffusive blur as follows: $VA(T)=1.84{\times}10^{-2}T-0.645$. Contrast sensitivity was decreased in all spatial frequencies. Contrast sensitivity in a high spatial frequency band was a greater effect and was off the normal range of contrast sensitivity. The peak of contrast sensitivity was moved in the direction to low frequency. From an intersection point of contrast sensitivity function, we could calculated the transmittance of the diffusive blur being off the normal range and the shift to peak spatial frequency. The peak of contrast sensitivity function was observed to move from 6 to 3 cpd at transmittance of about 78.70%, the contrast sensitivities for all frequencies at transmittance of about 69.71% were deviated from the normal range. Conclusions: The transmittance of diffusive blur causes a reduction in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, a deviation of normal range of contrast sensitivity, and a shift of peak contrast sensitivity. Therefore the more attention is required when suffering from cataracts or driving in fog.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 2016

Purpose: This study evaluates the effectiveness of intermittent exotropia vision training through follow up of average 3 years using proprioceptive test (Maindot test). Methods: 35 people (18 men, 17 women) with mean age of 13.48 (${\pm}2.45$) with corrected visual acuity of 0.9 or higher and normal binocular vision and control were observed for changes between before, after, and 3 years following the vision training during the period from 2005 to 2009. Results: After training, the correlation between the changed amount of deviation and PRC(diplopia) value and symptoms was not significant (p>0.05). However, it showed a statistically significant (p<0.001) correlation that change of the binocular proprioceptive sense abilities is decreased subjective symptoms. Conclusions: Binocular proprioceptive sense may be used in variety of purposes and applications such as predictive evaluation of binocular symptoms, binocular function performance evaluation after vision training and prism treatment.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.346-352
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• 2017

In this study, we analyzed environmental factors including annual fruit growth and meteorological conditions in Suwon area from 2000 to 2014 to develop and verify a fruit width prediction model in 'Fuji' apple. The 15-year average of full bloom data was April 28 and that of fruit development period was 181 days. The fruit growth until 36 days after full bloom followed single sigmoid curve. The environmental factors affecting fruit width were BIO2, precipitation in September, the average of daily maximum and minimum temperature in April, minimum temperature in August, and growing degree days (GDD) in April. Among them, the model was constructed by combining BIO2 and precipitation in September, which are not cross-correlated with each other or, with other factors. And then, the final model was selected as 19.33095 + (5.76242 ${\times}$ BIO2) - (0.01891 ${\times}$ September precipitation) + (2.63046 ${\times}$ minimum temperature in April) which was the most suitable model with AICc of 92.61 and the adjusted $R^2$ value of 0.53. The model was compared with the observed values f rom 2000 to 2014. As a result, the mean difference between the measured and predicted values of 'Fuji' apple fruit width was ${\pm}2.9mm$ and the standard deviation was 3.54.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.1 s.102
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• pp.66-73
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• 2003

Field experimental study was performed to evaluate water and nutrient balances in paddy rice culture. The water balance showed that outflow generally balanced the inflow showing that about half (47${\sim}$54%) of total outflow was lost by surface drainage. No significant effect of fertilization rate was observed from three treatments (150%, 100%, and 70% of standard fertilization) on both rice yield and nutrient outflow from surface drainage. Therefore, reducing nonpoint source nutrient loading by reducing fertilization may not work well in the range of normal paddy rice farming practice, and instead it could be achieved by reducing surface drainage outflow. Water-saving irrigation by reducing pending depth, raising ridge height in rice field, and minimizing forced surface drainage are suggested to reduce surface drainage outflow. These practices can save water and protect water quality, however, deviation from conventional standard practices might affect the rice yield and further investigations are necessary. It was demonstrated that rainfall affects nutrient net outflow and paddy rice culture might be beneficial to wafer quality protection under normal rainfall condition.