• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 1998

With increased social participation of married women and with the notion of importance of pre-school childhood on human development, the importance of nurseries is being emphasized. The transformation of the traditional family system into a nuclear family system and the deterioration of the traditional child education have also put nurseries as a primal social interest. But, at present, at the end of 1994, only 10% of the children have benefitted from such facilities, the supply not being able to meet demand. Also, the spatial organization and the management of such facilities has been unsatisfactory. In this perspective, this study aims to grasp the present condition of nurseries, to investigate and analyse case studies, to suggest standards and reform measures, and based on these, to produce basic information for the formation of an architectural spatial model. We've selected investigation of present conditions and case studies, interviews, and observation as investigative methods and through these we've assessed tangible spatial planning and spatial proportion by parts. 1. The most preferred grouping method is toddler/preschooler type, and the group size and staff-to-child ratios vary according to the children's age 2. The younger children's activity rooms are located in the lower level, and the activity room of the children on the similar development stages are located adjacent to one another 3. Most of the facilities do not have the public spaces(indoor playrooms, dinning rooms, napping rooms, bathrooms, sickrooms) For dinning and napping, activity rooms are being used, and for sickrooms, director's room or staff rooms 4. As for the correlations of the spaces(home bases, activity rooms and its outdoor spaces, day-care-centers and its community), closed plan type is 90% over, and modified open plan is 10% min.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.959-969
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the present conditions of the pilotis spaces of the public apartment housing and to suggest the future planning means of the spaces. At the present time, most of the pilotis space has been constructed in wall-bearing method. However, post and beam method(or Rahmen) will be used due to the municipal public-housing policy. Observation of seven(7) different locations and twenty-eight(28) blocks, and interview with the residents were employed to gather the data. Regarding functional relevance, six types of the space were selected, and planning suggestions for each type were followed. Among others, the conclusions include: the pilotis space should be planned as an interior for the future, as well as it should be open enough to secure the view from the surroundings.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 2018

Loss of favorable habitats for species due to temperature increase is one of the main concerns of climate change on the ecosystem, and endangered species might be much more sensitive to such unfavorable changes. This study aimed to analyze the impact of future climate change on endangered wild animals in South Korea by investigating thermal sensitivity and vulnerability to temperature increase. We determined thermal sensitivity by testing normality in species distribution according to temperature. Then, we defined the vulnerability when the future temperature range of South Korea completely deviate from the current temperature range of species distribution. We identified 13 species with higher thermal sensitivity. Based on IPCC future scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, the number of species vulnerable to future warming doubled from 3 under RCP4.5 to 7 under the RCP8.5 scenario. The species anticipated to be at risk under RCP 8.5 are flying squirrel (Pteromys volans aluco), ural owl (Pteromys volans aluco), black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius), tawny owl (Strix aluco), watercock (Gallicrex cinerea), schrenck?s bittern (Ixobrychus eurhythmus), and fairy pitta (Pitta nympha). The other 10 species showing very narrow temperature ranges even without normal distributions and out of the future temperature range may also need to be treated as vulnerable species, considering the inevitable observation scarcity of such endangered species.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2023

Purpose: Recently, the number of severely mentally ill patients has been increasing rapidly in Korea, but there are no design guidelines for spatial planning of Korea's acute psychiatric wards. The study aims to clarify the areas and required rooms in Korea's acute psychiatric wards which are important in establishing the design guidelines for Korea's acute psychiatric wards. Methods: This study proposed a structural framework based on the results of investigating and analyzing the acute psychiatric ward guidelines in the UK, Australia, and the U.S. and the areas and the required rooms of the wards stipulated in the basic data for establishing acute psychiatric ward design guidelines in Korea. The design guidelines for overseas acute psychiatric wards are 'Adult Acute Mental Health' in the UK, 'Adult Acute Mental Health Inpatient Unit' in the Australia, and 'Specific Requirements for Mental Health Hospitals' in the United States. Results: As a result of investigating and analyzing the design guidelines for overseas acute psychiatric wards, the areas of wards applicable to acute wards in domestic psychiatric wards were access, patient, treatment, support, and employee areas. In addition, the required rooms for each area were defined around major considerations such as visibility, convenience, comfort, security, safety, patient observation, barrier-free design, and privacy protection. Implications: The results of the study will be presented as a structural framework and basic data for establishing design guidelines for Korea's acute psychiatric wards, which is still absent.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.410-419
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• 1996

This study was reviewed from 1000 articles related to family planning from 1970 to 1990 and 20 articles associated with natural family planning from 1980 until the present. The purpose of natural family planning(NFP) is to identify the time ovulation of women themselves, to have intercourse with periodic abstinence, and to deliver a healthy child. The ultimate goal of NFP is to promote the family's health. The NFP method is described as periodic abstinence of intercourse to avoid pregnancy by identifying the ovulation time in the menstration cycle. Clinical symptoms and signs of reflection underlying changes in Estrogen and Progesterone are the change of basal body temperature, the change of cervical mucus and cervix, abdominal pain and breast tenderness. The types of NFP are the calender rthythm method, basal body temperature methods, cervical mucus method, symptothermal method, cyclo-thermal method and home based ovulation test kits. Recently the cyclo-thermal method involved. It is calendar rhythm method applied to B.B.T. For the cervical mucus method, when the estrogen level in the blood concentration is increased, the mucus begins to excrete, the amount of moist mucus increases while the mucus is clear, slippery, and smooth. For 3 days, this timing can be considered contraception. Fertility is at a maximum on the day mucus appears, abstinence for 3 days is a type of contraception. Sexual intercourse on a maximum day of mucus maximizes pregnancy potential. But, the contraception depends on the practice of a perfect rule. For basal body temperature methods, at ovulation time, the temperature increases $0.2^{\circ}C-0.5^{\circ}C$. Through the review of literature a high temperature above $0.2^{\circ}C$ for 3 days indicates that the previous 6 day period was ovulation and fertilization. The Symptothermal method is used to determine the prediction of ovulation through the observation of mucus excretion, high temperature, the change of cervical mucus, low abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, and breast change. Home based ovulation test kits are cervico-vaginal fluid aspiration, test a digital electric thermometer, body fluid(blood, saliva, urine) test kits, They are on the market. However, research on the contraception method is still in progress. For pregnancy it is still too early to use home based ovulation test kits because of deficit of reliability and simplicity more research on the technology is needed. It is suggested that NFP methods be included in nursing curriculum in order to educate NFP users how to effectively use NFP methods. Furthermore, this study has implications for the dissemination of NFP methods in terms of Korean policies of family planning and the support of community welfare agences.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.341-351
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate eighth graders' scientific method of inquiry used in their reports. We developed a framework, 'Analysis of Scientific Methods and Information Sources', with a perspective of the Nature of Science to analyze students' planning method, data analysis, and information sources. We then compared results with levels of questions to find out whether they affected students' 'Scientific Method'. In addition, we analyzed students' responses of the survey questionnaire, e.g.. how they liked Scientific Method. Results are as follows: First, 'planning method' consisted of 'consultant' and 'activities'. The 'activities' were 'experiment', 'correlational study', and 'observation' Students planned by utilizing 'consultant' more than the other. In case of planning 'activities'. most of them were 'experiment' Second, 'data analysis' consisted of 'summary', 'table', 'chart', 'graph' and so on. Students analyzed their data by using 'summary' frequently. The types of 'summary' were divided into 'simple summary' and 'relational statement' Third, 'information sources' consisted of 'computer', 'library'. and 'professional consultant' Most of the students gathered information from 'computer' Fourth, the types of 'planning method' and 'summary' were affected by the levels of questions. Fifth, some of the students reported their difficulty in 'planning method' because the collected information was less reliable, lacking, and having difficult technical terms.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.92-99
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• 2002

To obtain visual information of a target object, a camera should be placed within the visibility region. As the visibility region is dependent on the relative position of the target object and the surrounding object, the position change of the surrounding object during a task requires recalculation of the visibility region. For a fast computation of the visibility region so as to modify the camera position to be located within the visibility region, we propose a spherical projection method. After being projected onto the sphere the visibility region is represented in $\theta$-$\psi$ spaces of the spherical coordinates. The reduction of calculation space enables a fast modification of the camera location according to the motion of the surrounding objects so that the continuous observation of the target object during the task is possible.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.86.4-87
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• 2015

We will soon complete the installation of 1m telescope at Deokheung Optical Astronomy Observatory (DOAO), National Youth Space Center (NYSC). Before the test observation with NYSC 1m telescope, we present the specs of the 1M telescope and observational conditions of the DOAO site, such as the seeing data at DOAO and the atmospheric extinction coefficients obtained from the observations of standard stars and stellar clusters with 120mm and 150mm refractor in 2014. Since atmospheric extinction coefficients depend on the observational instruments as well as the atmospheric conditions of the site, the improved data with NYSC 1m telescope will be obtained right after the completion of 1M telescope installation. We are planning to invite all astronomers to use 1m telescope for their sciences via regular proposal processes in this year.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.189.1-189.1
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• 2010

The wind farm where the wind velocity condition is excellent and economical can be established to produce power with the multiple wind power turbine. The wind velocity which is suitable to Wind Power Development must be evaluated for searching the economical wind farm on planning the wind farm. In this paper, based on wind speed data at 24 locations in Korea from 1971 through 2009, the basic wind velocity which can be applied to designing wind power development is estimated using the statiscal process. The wind velocity which is measured from observation stations is revised according to wind gauge's height and Circumferential environment. The wind speeds for 200 year's return period in 24 locations are determined using the Gumbel's distribution.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 2006

In this paper, we present a comprehensive study for the development of quadruped walking robot. To understand the walking posture of a tetrapod animal, we begin with a careful observation on the skeletal system of tertapod animals. From taking a side view of their skeletal system, it is noted that their fore limbs and hind limbs perform characteristic roles during walking. Moreover, the widths of footprints and energy efficiency in walking have a close relationship through taking a front view of their walking posture. According to these observations, we present a control method where the kinematical solutions are not necessary because we develop a new rhythmic gait pattern for the quadruped walking robot. Though the proposed control method and rhythmic pattern are simple, they can provide the suitable motion planning for the robot since the resultant movement is based on the animal's movements. The validity of the proposed idea is demonstrated through dynamic simulations.