• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 2021

Objectives: This study examined the association between the dietary behavior and weight status of preschool children and their mothers in Daejeon, Korea. Methods: A total of 301 mother-preschool children (aged 3~6 years) dyads were included in this study. The dietary behavior of children and their mothers was assessed using the Nutrition Quotient (NQ) questionnaire for preschoolers and adults, respectively. The NQ questionnaires were completed by the mothers. The overweight/obesity status of children and their mothers was determined using data on height and body weight reported by the mothers. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between the dietary behavior and weight status of children and their mothers. Results: The mean NQ score was 58.9 ± 9.7 in children and 55.6 ± 9.2 in mothers. The NQ score was higher in boys than girls but did not vary by age. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 27.5% in children and 46.5% in mothers. The physical activity level of mothers and their NQ scores were positively associated with the NQ scores of the children. After adjustment for covariates, the mothers in the highest tertile of NQ scores showed a lower odds ratio (OR) for the unhealthy dietary behavior of children (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.11~0.53, P < 0.001) compared to those in the lowest tertile. The obese mothers showed a higher OR for children's overweight/obesity (OR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.68~6.80, P = 0.001) compared to normal weight mothers. Conclusions: The dietary behavior and weight status of young children and their mothers were closely linked. Nutrition education programs targeting mothers are necessary for improving maternal and child nutrition. Specifically, these programs need to be tailored to the socioeconomic characteristics or weight status of mothers.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.104-104
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2005

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1084-1087
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• 1997

A sample of 450 women who attended a physical fitness program in the Ulsan area was selected to study some environmental factors associated with obesity. The women were grouped into two categories, obese and nonobese, based on body mass index(kg/$m^2$). Average BMI of the total subjects was 24.3$\pm$4.8, but 34.7% of the subjects rated equal to or ore than 25 type, which can be considered as obese. The results showed that age, employment status, family type, and food frequency score have a statistically significant association with obesity. However, education level, nutrition knowledge, availability of housemaids, family history of obesity, and house type are not related to obesity . There were no differences in sources of nutrition information between the obese and the nonobese. The above results suggest that health education programs should consider environmental factors as well as health factors in preventing obesity obesity in the community.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.12
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• pp.1310-1314
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• 2008

Purpose : This study aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in children from low-income families in Gunpo and to evaluate whether economic status affects the prevalence of obesity. Methods : Between October 2007 and March 2008, 341 children (167 girls and 174 boys; age, 6 to 13 years) were enrolled in this study. All these children came from families who earned minimum wages and who were supported by government. We measured height, weight, and blood pressure and performed laboratory examinations, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using weight and height. We compared the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in children from low-income families with the prevalence of these maladies found in other studies. Results : Prevalence of obesity ($BMI{\geq}95^{th}$) was 7.1%. Prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia was 8.2% and 16.7%, respectively. In the obese group, prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia was 25.0% and 45.8%, respectively. Obesity and hyperlipidemia were slightly more frequent in our study than those found in other reports, and the prevalence of hypertension in the obese group was very high compared with statistics from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (25% vs. 19.5%) and those from other reports. Conclusion : Low-income status was associated with an increased incidence of obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Hypertension showed an especially strong association with economic status, which seemed to correlate with genetic, environmental, and dietary effects.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

Metabolic syndrome such as, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia etc are well known lifestyle diseases which threaten a health state. The purpose of this study is to evaluate antioxidant status and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various stressful conditions. A group of persons (n=28) were enrolled in this study and stress status was evaluated using questionnaire of psychological well-being index (PWI-SF) and hematologic analysis of free oxygen radical defense (FORD), free oxygen radical test (FORT), lipid profiles and serum cortisol level. Analysis was done according to stress index, BMI status and overtime working. Blood samples from diabetics were used for control. Results are as in followings: Higher PWI-SF group showed higher FORT. Obese persons with BMI > $25kg/m^2$ showed statistically lower FORD (p<0.05) and higher FORT level (p<0.01). When compare with diabetics, an overweight group had similar levels in FORD and FORT while a normal body weight group showed quite different with diabetics in FORD (p<0.001). Higher ROS group has higher triglyceride, CRP and insulin levels but lower in FORD and HDL-cholesterol levels. Overtime working at night showed no meaningful result against our expectations. These results suggested that obesity showed most unfavorable correlations in an antioxidant status in various situations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-44
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• 1999

Obesity in children is a major concern of public health. This study was performed to illuminate its effect on weight control program and the associated factors of obesity-related habits and obesity index in primary school obese children. Weight control program consisted of behavioral modification, nutrition education and exercise during 17 weeks. The sample consisted of treatment group(n=42) and control group(n=41). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in obesity index, socioeconomic status and grade. To assess the effects of weight control program, the subjects were given pre-test and post-test such as the measurement of anthropometric values and self-reporting questionnaire. This result of this study were as follows; 1. After weight control program was applied, there was a significant decrease in obesity index among the treatment group. Obesity-related habits score of the treatment group increased significantly, While there was not much difference between the pre-test and the post-test among the control group. But exercise habit didn't increase significantly in the both groups. 2. Correlation between obesity-related habits and obesity index were not evident. 3. After application of weight control program, the factors associated with change of eating habit were children's past experience of weight control, motivational change toward weight control program and friends' support for treatment group. The factors associated with change of exercise habit were post-test motivation score and friends' support. Motivational change toward weight control and pre-test self-efficacy of exercise behavior were counter-related to exercise habit. For change of other obesity-related habits, initial obesity index, motivational change, post-test self-efficacy score of exercise behavior and paternal educational status were closely associated. But post-test self-efficacy score of eating behavior was unrelated. 4. Only the factor of experience of weight control was associated with change of obesity index. 5. For the both groups, the factors associated with change of eating habits were post-test self-efficacy of eating behavior and family's support. The factors associated with change of exercise behavior were self-efficacy changes of exercise behavior and friends' support. The factors associated with change of other obesity-related habits were self-efficacy change of eating behavior. Initial obesity index was associated with change of obesity index. 6. The rate of dropouts from weight control program was 28.6% (12/42) in treatment group. Initial obesity index, other obesity-related habits except eating exercise habits, friend's support were associated with dropout. In conclusion, these results indicated that weight control program in primary school settings was effective. Direct exercise regimen and practice was demanded. In addition to the program itself, much of the success is dependent on the degree of motivation of the children involved and support provided by their parents and friends. Further study need to be performed under the condition that the weight control progrom is applied for a longer period.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.416-428
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• 2020

Purpose: This study identified socioeconomic factors affecting the health status of Korean adults. Methods: Secondary data from 12,921 adults aged 19 to 64 old in the 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. The participants' health status was measured using the indicators that included health behaviors (smoking, high-risk drinking, strength exercise, and aerobic physical activity) and health outcomes (metabolic syndrome, and subjective health status). Results: For all health behaviors and health outcomes, gender, age, educational level, and income were common affecting factors. Regarding health behaviors, the employment status was related to smoking, high-risk drinking, strength exercise, and aerobic physical activity. The marital status was related to high-risk drinking, strength exercise, and aerobic physical activity. The household type was related to smoking. The residential area was related to smoking, high-risk drinking, and aerobic physical activity. For health outcomes, the household type was related to obesity, and subjective health status; residential area was related to obesity. Conclusion: This study presented basic data for assessing the differences in health status. The characteristics of the affecting factors to health status should be considered, depending on the health behaviors and health outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the obesity rate with anthropometric indices, nutritional status and serum lipid levels of 260 school children from 5th grade of elementry school residing in Puchon city. Obesity was defined as fat percentage that exceeds 25$\%$. The prevalence rate of obesity were 15.2$\%$ for male and 14.1$\%$ for female. Mean fat percentage, BMI and Rohrer indice of obese male were 30.3$\%$, 21.0 and 150.2 respectively and 28.0$\%$, 21.5 and 151.9 for obese female. Mean serum TG, apo-B of obese female was significantly lower than that of non-obese. Obese male did not show any difference in serum lipid levels. The proportion of students whose serum cholesterol levels exceed 170mg/dI, which is cutoff point of bordeline for coronary artery disease, was 12.0% for male and 15.6$\%$ for female. The major factors affecting nutritional status were the amount of living expense, existence of mother's job and the regularity of having breakfast. Children who's living expense more than 500 thousants Won showed lower intake of Iron, vitamin A, thiamin, niacin and ascorbic acid(p$\ll$0.05). Children who's mothers are having a job were observed with decreased height(p$\ll$0.05). Children having breakfast regularly showed increased BMI and Rohrer indice than those of children having breakfast often of never.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.815-824
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between obesity and periodontal diseases in adults. Methods: The subjects were 6,762 adults over 19 years old selected from the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013). The study instruments included periodontal status of periodontal diseases, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). Periodontal status was evaluated by community periodontal index (CPI). Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The prevalence of periodontal diseases was higher in male, older aged people, undereducated people, current smokers, and those having poor cognition for toothbrushing (p<0.001). The rate of obesity by BMI and WC was higher in male, older aged people and current smokers. The rate of obesity was lower in well-educated people and good practice of toothbrushing (p<0.001). The prevalence of periodontal diseases by BMI showed 0.565 times lower in underweight population, 1.302 times higher in overweight population, and 1.311 times higher in highly obese population than normal population. The prevalence of periodontal diseases by waist circumferences showed 1.404 times higher in obese population than the normal population (p<0.05). Conclusions: It is very important to promote periodontal disease prevention and education for obese population in Korea. The risk of periodontal diseases can be preventable by decrease of BMI and WC.