• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and lifestyle factors related to the metabolic syndrome in Korean elderly. Methods: A total number of 122 elderly over 60 yr were recruited from a community elderly center. Elderly were classified into young old (60-74 yr) and old (75-84 yr). Metabolic syndrome was defined by third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). Abdominal obesity was determined by Korean society for the study of Obesity criteria. The nutritional status was measured by mini nutritional assessment (MNA). Results: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in the old than young old elderly (p<0.05, respectively). Abdominal obesity and hypertension were the most common risk factors. The related factors to metabolic syndrome were high Body mass Index (BMI) and currently not participating in exercise. Abdominal obesity, low HDL cholesterol and hypertension were associated with specific nutrient intakes. Conclusion: A strategy to decrease the metabolic syndrome in the elderly is urgently needed particularly so for the old elderly. A nutritional and exercise program for young old elders may be helpful reducing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in later stage.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.154-159
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• 2007

This study was conducted to find obesity, biochemical indices and nutrient intakes in type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus with hypertension in Gwangju area. Subjects were divided into two groups based on the status of hypertension. Duration of 139 normotensive type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus was $49.8{\pm}80.2$ months while that of hypertensive type Ⅱ diabetes was $79.7{\pm}95.5$ months. Anthropometric measurement revealed that subjects in both groups were in overweight determined by BMI, though there was no significant difference between two groups. Contrastingly, obesity rate and subscapular fat distribution were a good predictor to identify hypertensive group due to the significant differences between two groups, regardless of sex. Hypertensive type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus is significantly associated with more elevated cholesterol and fasting blood glucose level. Triglyceride level in the hypertensive female was prominent. Significant gender differences were shown in energy, carbohydrate, protein, Ca, Zn, vitamin $B_{6}$ and cholesterol intakes. Nutrient intakes of female normotensive group were higher than those of female hypertensive group except for riboflavin. However, different pattern on nutrient intakes in male was noted. Thus, sex is a great determinant to influence nutrient intakes in subject. Effective nutrition education program targeting type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus, especially hypertensive type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus should be developed and implemented to control blood glucose and lipidemia. It might be suggested to consider the importance different approaches of nutrition education program to both genders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.89-96
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of aerobic exercise and combination exercise on physical fitness, body composition, and depression and to observe the relationship between obesity and depression. METHODS: A total of 40 obese people were divided into an aerobic exercise group ($n_1$=20) and a combination exercise group ($n_2$=20) that was performed swiss ball exercise and aerobic exercise. Each group exercised three times per week for eight weeks. Outcome measures were basic physical fitness, body composition, and depression. RESULTS: After completion of the exercise, there was a significant difference in overall physical fitness factors of percentage body fat (%body fat), strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance in the combination exercise group (p<.05). Strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, and cardiovascular endurance were more improved in the combination exercise group than aerobic exercise group (p<.05). However, changes of %body fat and psychological factor between the two groups were not significant. CONCLUSION: Combination exercise program has an effect on the solution of obesity in physical development and strength. Therefore, it seems to that use with better perform both aerobic exercise and Swiss ball exercise. In addition, the Swiss ball exercise, which is an easy, convenient and economical self-exercise that can be done at home, is recommended due to its positive effects on physical establishment and fitness.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.160-168
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the pro-environmental attitude (actual commitment domain, verbal commitment domain, affect domain), behavior to decreased exposure and knowledge of endocrine disruptors by obesity -related profiles (BMI, body fat percentage, visceral fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass percentage, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 102 nursing students. Data were collected from November to December, 2015 using self-report questionnaires and physical measurements. Data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson correlation and coefficients with SPSS 18.0. Results: The study results showed that actual commitment domain of pro-environmental attitude and behavior to decreased exposure level on endocrine disruptors were significantly related to visceral fat percentage. Actual commitment domain of a pro-environmental attitude was significantly related to body fat percentage. Pro-environmental attitude was significantly related to the behavior to decreased exposure level on endocrine disruptors and knowledge thereof. Conclusion: These findings suggest that visceral fat and body fat percentages were significantly related to the actual commitment domain of a pro-environmental attitude. Therefore, a replication study is recommended to understand the connection between endocrine disruptors and obesity. In addition, developing an education program about endocrine disruptors for nursing students is recommended. In particular, a pro-environmental attitude, especially on actual commitment domain, could be involved as an education program.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the current status of obesity intervention programs, and its effects on endothelium function in adolescents. Method: This was a descriptive research study, that investigated domestic and international literature 2009-2018. Using databases inside and outside of Korea to search for 'adolescent', 'obese adolescent', 'exercise', 'program', or 'intervention', and 'endothelium function', a total of 14 literature have been selected for 6 domestic research and 8 international research, excluding overlapping, case studies, literature reviews, and unrelated studies. Results: Interventions for enhancing endothelium function were exercise program, diet, vitamin D3 treatment, and Orlistat intake relative to international research, and combined exercise and purple sweet potato intake, in most domestic research. Dependent variables included FMD, RHI, NMD, EPCs, and EMPs, for measuring endothelium function in international research, and PWV, FMD and RHI, in domestic research. Conclusion: Results of this study confirmed that application of obese intervention programs, may improve endothelium function in adolescents. Further studies are required, to develop nursing intervention, that would enhance endothelium function in adolescents.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to assess the weight control behavior, body shape satisfaction, and obesity stress depending on the degree of obesity in college students who applied for a weight control program. The average BMI of the participants was $21.4\;kg/m^2$ which was in the normal range, and 76.3% of the participants were of normal body weight. Ideal BMI in this participant was $18.1\;kg/m^2$, which is in the underweight range. In terms of body perception, participants generally overestimated their body weight. The overweight and normal weight groups were less satisfied with their body shape than was the underweight group. The overweight group also expressed fears of showing their bodies to others. Additionally, the overweight and normal groups exhibited higher obesity stress than the underweight group. 97.0% of participants were interested in weight control as a way to improve their appearance. They usually obtained their weight control information from the internet and mass media. More than 80% of participants had weight control experience, having undergone weight control attempts for duration of less than a month. However, after the discontinuation of weight control efforts, these participants regained the weight. As a consequence, they were generally unsatisfied with the outcomes of weight control programs. This study demonstrated that the college women who had applied for the weight control program were unsatisfied with their body shape owing to distorted notions of the ideal body shape, and these women had generally undertaken frequent efforts to control their body weights. These results underline the importance of educating college-aged women on proper body perception and the maintenance of healthy body weight and shape.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2019

The global obesity epidemic and associated metabolic diseases require alternative biological targets for new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we show that a phytochemical sulfuretin suppressed adipocyte differentiation of preadipocytes and administration of sulfuretin to high fat diet-fed obese mice prevented obesity and increased insulin sensitivity. These effects were associated with a suppressed expression of inflammatory markers, induced expression of adiponectin, and increased levels of phosphorylated ERK and AKT. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of sulfuretin in adipocytes, we performed microarray analysis and identified activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3) as a sulfuretin-responsive gene. Sulfuretin elevated Atf3 mRNA and protein levels in white adipose tissue and adipocytes. Consistently, deficiency of Atf3 promoted lipid accumulation and the expression of adipocyte markers. Sulfuretin's but not resveratrol's anti-adipogenic effects were diminished in Atf3 deficient cells, indicating that Atf3 is an essential factor in the effects of sulfuretin. These results highlight the usefulness of sulfuretin as a new anti-obesity intervention for the prevention of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.67-73
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between obesity and periodontitis by the number of pregnancy using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2010-2015). Periodontitis measures the community periodontal index, and body mass index was used for the obesity. Socioeconomic variables and health-related behaviors were investigated. Periodontitis and obesity were higher in women with a high pregnancy frequency after controlling for confounding variables. In conclusion, periodontitis is closely related to obesity, and the association is somewhat higher as the number of pregnancies increases. Comprehensive management of obesity and periodontitis is effective in developing health promotion program for women in future, and this data will be used as basic data for development of women's health promotion program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.793-804
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the change in the anthropometric values, biochemical index, nutritional knowledge, food habits and nutrient intakes in obese children after a weight control program. The subjects of the study were 22 obese children with an obesity index over 120%. The children that participated in this study took nutritional education for weight control along with exercise once a week. The weight control program was conducted for 10 weeks. The BMI, WHR (Waist-Hip ratio), body fat (%) significantly decreased at the end of the weight control program. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were also significantly decreased. The nutritional knowledge scores and knowledge score about obesity were slightly improved. Energy intake significantly decreased from 1768 to 1421 kcal. Intake of Ca, Na, K, vitamin A, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C and folate increased, while intakes of P, Zn, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin E and niacin decreased. The distribution of energy intake was significantly changed for the better. The percent fat consumed decreased from 26.5 to 19.7%. In addition, the distribution of energy intake in the meals was changed, where the percent calories consumed during lunch significantly increased from 31.4 to 40.1% and the calorie percentage consumed from snacks significantly decreased from 17.6 to 10.7%. In conclusion, the nutritional education in the weight control program, which was conducted for 10 weeks, was effective in improving the anthropometric values, biochemical index and nutrient intake although nutrition knowledge and eating behaviors only changed slightly. Thus, nutritional weight control programs for obese children should be continuously provided under the proper cooperation of a nutritional teacher at elementary schools.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2016

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to check the obesity of middle and high school students in the nation and identify factors influencing their obesity. Methods: The present study is a secondary analysis research that obtained permission to use the primitive data of 10th (2014) Online Survey on Adolescents' Health Behaviors by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and analyzed the primitive data according to the purposes. Results: The findings show that the BMI of middle and high school students in the nation was $20.7kg/m^2$ with the obesity and non-obesity group recording $27.0kg/m^2$ and $19.9kg/m^2$, respectively. Factors influencing the obesity of adolescents include gender, grade, educational background of parent, school grades for the last 12 months, satisfaction with sleep, fast food consumption, ramen consumption, intense and muscle exercise three times a week or more, subjective sense of health, stress, suicidal ideation, and hours of Internet usage per week. Conclusion: For the management of adolescent obesity, there is a need for obesity management programs taking the characteristics of male students into consideration. The possibilities of obesity grow according to the grades, which means that both the teachers and parents should offer more guidance on weight control in upper grades. The adjustment of adolescent obesity requires psychological health management including stress and suicidal ideation as well as diet control and exercise. It is also needed to apply a stepwise obesity management program according to the hours of internet usage and dependence on the internet