• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.1251-1257
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• 2008

For the first 42 days, we made rats obese by feeding them potato starch instead of corn starch and after that we fed them transformed potato starch by 4 groups for 70 days. The 4 groups are GPS group, SPS group, EZ group and H40 groups and each were fed normal potato, small potato, enzyme treated potato, and acid treated potato starches, respectively. We determined body weight and feeding efficiency, lipid profiles in serum, lipid peroxidation in tissues and redox antioxidant system as GSH and GP-x in vivo. As a result, there was no difference in the increment of body weight in the groups of GPS, EZ and H40. Therefore EZ group showed lower body weight increment than other groups. While GPS group and SPS group did not show significant difference in blood glucose, cholesterol level, LDL-cholesterol and TC, and their measured values were lower than those of EZ and H40 groups. No significant difference was found in HDL-cholesterol level except for GPS group. Furthermore, when calculating atherogenic index (AI) by HDL-cholesterol and TC contents, H40 group showed higher measured value than other groups. When measuring the lipid peroxidation in serum, kidney and liver tissues, the serum lipid peroxidation in H40 group was higher than others. In the tissue of liver and kidney, EZ and H40 groups showed significantly lower contents than others. The content of GSH showed different tendency in each tissue, but the measured value of GP-x activity was lower in SPS group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.571-577
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• 2008

Among current health-related problems, the issue of over-weight is considered one of the most important, fostering a national interest in body weight loss. In this study, an awareness of one's current body weight and previous experiences of body weight loss were analyzed according to age and gender. The subjects of the study were 720 people (male: 360 and female: 360) aged $10{\sim}60$ years with previous experiences of attempting to lose weight 1 year prior to this study. Anthropometrics, general characteristics, awareness of one’s current body weight, and the body weight loss practice were analyzed through a questionnaire. Approximately 73.2% of the subjects recognized themselves as obese, and 83.5% wished to lose weight. The older the subjects were, the frequency of attempting to lose weight was lower, and those who succeeded in losing weight maintained their reduced body weight for a longer period. Compared to male subjects, more female reported attempts of losing weight, but the period of maintaining their reduced weight was shorter. The older subjects reported a higher satisfaction rate of the weight loss methods they used, and few of them gained back the weight they lost. This phenomenon was especially more stronger among male than female subjects. From our studies, it may be concluded that attitudes concerning a person’s current body weight and body weight loss practice vary according to age and gender.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2016

Aster yomena is a perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. Seasoned wild vegetables are commonly used as functional ingredients because of their bioactive effects against oxidation, cancer, and inflammation. A recent report showed that ethanol extracts from Aster yomena effectively inhibited gene expression related to lipid accumulation within interstitial cells to prevent obesity, further raising awareness of its usefulness as a highly functional ingredient. Several studies have investigated Aster yomena, but none have investigated the effects of processing on its use. Therefore, this study investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidative activity of breads in which refined salt was replaced with Aster yomena powder at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0%. Bread containing any amount of Aster yomena powder did not differ significantly from the control in terms of appearance, aroma, taste, texture, and overall preference. In addition, higher levels of added Aster yomena powder were associated with greater 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity indicating the potential for production of highly functional bread and noodle products using this material.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.563-576
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• 1997

This study was carried out to identify basic data for more efficient operation of comprehensive health check-up centers in the national health care system. The researcher reviewed and analyzed the main symptoms of the subjects according to sex, age, occupation and positive rate in the screening tests of a comprehensive health check-up, performed at one comprehensive health check-up center in located in a hospital. The subjects were 512 persons who had a check-up at the comprehensive health check-up, center in K university hospital in Seoul from October 2, 1996 to March 30, 1997. A questionaire developed by the researcher to obtain subject's general characteristics, main symptoms, medical examination, diagnosed disease was used as the tool for the study. The researcher analyzed the data with SPSS PC/sup +/ program. : the distribution of the subject's general characteristics and main symptoms was described with percentages and the difference between main symptoms and screening tests analyzed with X²-test, t-test, ANOVA. The result of this study are as follows : 1. For the distribution of diagnosis in males. liver disease was most frequent and hypertension was second : in females, hypertention and liver disease were not common in that order. 2. The most common complaints were indigestion in the digestive system, sputum in the respiratory system, irregular heart beat in the cardiovascular system, frequent urine in the urinary system vertigo in the hematologic system. 3. The main symptoms according to sex were for females, a statistically siguificant higher rate of complaints in the digestive system, cardiovascular system, urinary system, hematologic system, musculoskeletal, mental & nervous system as compared to males. 4. The main symptoms according to age were that in the the second decade there wara higher rate of complaints in the digestive system, and cardiovascular system than in the older age groups : and in the fifth decade more in the musculoskeletal system. 5. The main symptoms according to occupation were that formers and fishers had a higher rate of complaints in the mental and nervous system as compared to other occupation groups : and office workers, in gynecology. 6. The main symptoms according to diagnosis, were symptoms of the digestive system, frequent in liver disease : symptoms of the cardiovascular system in allergic disease. 7. The screening tests which showed the highest rates were UGI /FGS, PFT : In males a higher rate of abnormality was seen in abdominal ultrasono- graphy and in, females, in mammography. 8. In screening tests according to sex, males showed a higher positive rate for chest X-rays, and LFT, and females, in mammography, pap smear, CBC. 9. In screening tests according to age, higher positive rates of obesity, high blood pressure, chest X-ray, mammography, pap smear, FBS, CBC, urine test were seen in the fifth decade : PFT and abdominal ultrasonography in the third decade. The subjects who wanted comprehensive health check-up were not asymptomatic but had an illness with several symptoms. It is found that the most frequent diagnosed diseases were hypertention and liver disease. So proper observations must be done for them. Comprehensive health check-ups should be changed to a comprehensive examination including treatment beyond examination for those subjects with positive results.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.573-584
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• 2017

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the important impacting factors of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) by different age groups. The subjects of this study were 5,976 adults over 19 based on data from the 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and EQ-5D index score was used for the measurement of HRQOL. Three age groups were considered of young (19-39), middle (40-65), and old (over 66) and for each age group Bayesian ordered probit model analysis was fitted to identify significant factors and their effects on HRQOL. Sex, subjective awareness of health, stress and diseases have been identified to be common important factors for all age groups. HRQOL of women is more likely to be lower than that of men. Subjective awareness of health affect positively but stress and diseases affect negatively on HRQOL. For middle age group, occupational activities have been found to be important positive factors on HRQOL. On the other hand, obesity is more important factor influencing on HRQOL negatively and frequent walking is recommended for old age group.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.201-217
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• 2014

There is likely to be a fit problem when women aged in their 30s-40s purchase down-age clothing from brands that target women in their 20s. To identify the part of the lower body that causes the fit problem, the sizes and types of lower body of women in their 30s-40s were compared with those of women in their 20s. The data for this study was from the 2010 Size Korea survey of body measurements of 1675 female adults in their 20s-40s. To examine differences in the average sizes of the lower body between women in their 20s and 30s-40s, descriptive statistics and t-tests were conducted. Factor and cluster analysis were used to classify body types by age groups. On the whole, compared to women in their 30s-40s, women in their 20s were found to be higher for all height items and smaller for size, thickness and width items. The result of the Glycemic index analysis showed that the body type of women in their 20s was generally larger than that of women in their 30s-40s. In addition, women in their 20s had a large drop value compared to those in their 30s-40s, whereas flatness of body cross section was bigger in the group of women in their 30s-40s. Four factors related to the lower body type of female adults in their 20s-40s were identified in the factor analysis, and three categories of body type were identified by cluster analysis. A Type 1 individual had abdominal obesity and chubby lower limbs, Type 2 had short legs and slightly chubby lower limbs, and Type 3 had long legs and a skinny lower body. A significant number of women in their 30s-40s were included in the Type 1 group, which was the least common category for women in their 20s.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2004

The main purpose of this study is to examine the concepts appeared on research and provide future research directions in field of child health nursing. 205 studies of the total 318 studies had been analyzed first for the concepts of the client domain and this time 113 studies were analyzed for the practice, the client-nurse and the environmental domain in nursing. The practice domain includes mentalistitic, enactment, knowledge utilization, role related phenomenon, the client-nurse domain includes touch, communication, interaction phenomenon, and the environmental domain includes physical, social, symbolic environment. All were originally published between 1990 and 2000 in Korea. An analysis of concepts for this study was used the metaparadigm framework for nursing proposed by H. S. Kim(2000). 1. 103 studies belonged to the practice domain. Among them, 56(54％) studies used concepts related to enactment phenomenon like education(21.4％), giving information(7.1％), breast feeding(5.4％), caring(5.4％), airway suction(5.4％), nonnutritive sucking(5.4％). 44(43％) studies used concepts related to knowledge utilization like program development and evaluation of smoking, mother-infant interaction, home health nursing, obesity management. And only 3(3％) studies used role related concepts like quality of nursing, direction of health education, contents of child health nursing education. 2. Only 2(0.006％) studies belonged to the client-nurse domain. One concept is empathy in communication phenomenon and the other concept is role conflict in interaction phenomenon. 3. 8(0.02％) studies belonged to the environmental domain. Among them, 3 studies related to physical environment like space, noise and 5 studies related to social environment like social support, home environment. But the concept of symbolic environment was not used. The findings of this study provide the evidence that research related to the client-nurse domain and the environmental domain should be conducted actively to improve the practice of child health nursing. So that the research in field of child health nursing should be dealt with the concepts of four domains to develop knowledge systematically.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.187-197
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to develop an emotional self-regulation program for obese children and to examine the program's effectiveness on depression, eating habits, and body mass index. Methods: The emotional self-regulation program was developed from theory-based strategies and a pre-post pilot study was conducted with 46 children (19: intervention, 27: control). The program included 6 weekly group sessions over 2 months. The embedded experimental model of concurrent mixed methods was used to better understand research outcomes by converging both quantitative and qualitative data. Anthropometric measurements and surveys were performed before and after the intervention. Three focus group interviews were conducted with all participants after intervention to explore their experiences. Results: The intervention group displayed decreased depression levels in the quantitative outcomes. The participants also expressed positive outcomes such as improvements in confidence, impulse management, intimacy, happiness, and losing weight. Conclusion: These findings suggest that emotional self-regulation skills are crucial factors for obese children not only to manage their emotional problems but also to control their weight. Further research is needed with a larger sample size and randomized controlled trials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1576-1584
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• 2013

This study is carried out to assess the relative effects of different doses of dietary glucose or fructose on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatic metaflammation in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes. KK/HlJ male mice were fed experimental diets as follows: 1) control (CON), 2) moderate glucose (MG, 30% of total calories as glucose), 3) high glucose (HG, 60% of total calories as glucose), 4) moderate fructose (MF, 30% of total calories as fructose), and 5) high fructose (HF, 60% of total calories as fructose) for three weeks. Food intake was not affected by treatments. Compared with HF, HG not only increased serum fasting glucose and area under the curve during oral glucose tolerance test, but also decreased the levels of serum insulin and adiponectin. It indicated that glucose control was complicated via high glucose intake. High fructose treatment led to increased triglyceride in the serum and liver. In comparison to HG, high fructose diet activated NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome consisting of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), NLRP3 and caspase 1, which increases interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ maturation and secretion. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was accompanied by increased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and IL-6. However, the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components and pro-inflammatory cytokines did not differ between CON and HG. These data suggested that dietary fructose triggers hepatic metaflammation accompanied by NLRP3 inflammasome activation and has deleterious effects on NAFLD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2017

Data are limited on biological mechanisms underlying the associations of sleep insufficiency with obesity and dyslipidemia. To explore these mechanisms, we investigated appetite-regulating hormones, stress-related hormones, and cardiometabolic indicators in association with sleep fragmentation, which is a type of sleep disorder. In an experimental study, we randomly allocated 40 Wistar male rats aged 7 weeks into four groups; rats with ad libitum sleep and ad libitum intake (Control), those exposed to sleep fragmentation (SF), those with diet restriction (DR), and those exposed to sleep fragmentation and diet restriction (SF+DR). Amongst them, 13-day chronic sleep fragmentation was applied to the SF and SF+DR groups while 50% reduction in chow intake was applied to the DR and SF+DR groups for 13 days. After these experiments, blood lipid and lipoprotein profiles, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels were compared among the four groups. In the results, the SF group showed the highest levels of serum ghrelin (P<0.001) and the lowest levels of serum adiponectin (P<0.01). All experimental groups showed higher levels of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) than the Control (P<0.001). LDL-C levels and the ratio of LDL-C and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were positively correlated with ghrelin levels (P<0.05) in the SF group, but not in the DR and SF+DR groups. In the SF group, the highest levels of serum free fatty acids were also observed and correlated with lower levels of serum adiponectin, which reflects insulin resistance (P<0.05). Based on these findings, we suggest that chronic sleep fragmentation may induce disturbances in lipid metabolism and appetite-regulating hormones independent of food intake, and these metabolic disturbances may be worse due to insulin resistance related to overeating, which is indicated by elevated ghrelin levels in sleep fragmentation. For persons with sleep insufficiency, anti-atherogenic dietary interventions may be recommended to prevent cardiovascular disease.