• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2010

Obesity is considered a mild inflammatory state, and the secretion of inflammation-related cytokines rises as adipose tissue expands. Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interlukin 6 (IL-6) and monocyte-chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), are modulated by adipose tissue and known to play an important role in insulin resistance which is the common characteristics of obesity related disorders. In this study we analyzed the effects of Sasa borealis leaves extract on inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance in diet induced obese C57/BL6J mice. The obese state was induced by a high fat diet for 20 weeks and then the mice were divided into two groups; obese control group (OBC, n = 7) and experimental group (OB-SBE, n = 7). The OBC group was fed a high fat diet and the OB-SBE group was fed a high fat diet containing 5% Sasa borealis leaves extract (SBE) for 12 weeks. We also used mice fed a standard diet as a normal control (NC, n = 7). The body weight and adipose tissue weight in the OB group were significantly higher than those in the NC group. The effects of the high fat diet were reduced by SBE treatments, and the body weight and adipose tissue deposition in the OB-SBE group were significantly decreased compared to the OBC group. The OBC group showed higher serum glucose and insulin levels which resulted in a significant increase of incremental area under the curve (IAUC) and HOMA-IR than the NC group. Also, serum leptin, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the OBC group than in the NC group. In contrast, the OB-SBE group showed a reversal in the metabolic defects, including a decrease in glucose, insulin, IAUC, HOMA-IR, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and leptin levels. These results suggest that BSE can suppress increased weight gain and/or fat deposition induced by a high fat diet and theses effects are accompanied by modulation of the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 secretion resulting in improved insulin resistance.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.1219-1224
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• 2005

목 적 : 최근 소아 및 청소년의 비만이 빠르게 증가하고 있다. 고도 비만아들에서 단백뇨 및 FSGS가 발현될 수 있고, 그 기전으로 과여과, 신정맥압 증가, 사구체비대, 고지혈증, angiotensin II, insulin, leptin, $TGF-{\beta}1$의 합성 증가 등이 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 BMI와 비만도에 따른 GFR의 변화를 조사하여 과여과 여부를 알아보았고, 혈청 cystatin C 농도를 측정하여 비만과의 상관관계와 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2004년 5월부터 12월까지 중앙대학교 용산병원을 방문하여 혈액검사를 시행받은 6세 이상의 환아들 중에서 임상적으로나 검사상으로 명백한 신질환의 증거가 없는 115명의 환아들을 대상으로 BMI와 비만도를 측정하였고, Schwartz's formula로 GFR을 추정하였다. 혈청 cystatin C 농도는 particle enhanced nephelometric immunoassay를 이용하여 Behring Nephelometer II로 측정하였다. 결 과 : GFR은 BMI로 구분한 경우 비만군이 정상군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. GFR은 비만도로 구분한 경우에는 비만군과 정상군 사이에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았지만 고도 비만군은 정상군에 비해 유의하게 높은 값을 나타내었다. BMI와 GFR은 양의 상관관계를 보였으나, 비만도와 GFR은 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 혈청 cystatin C 농도는 BMI로 구분한 경우와 비만도로 구분한 경우 모두 비만군과 정상군 사이에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았고, BMI나 비만도와 통계학적으로 유의한 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. 결 론 : 비만으로 인해 과여과와 같은 신기능의 변화가 초래되고 단백뇨 및 FSGS와 같은 신병증이 발현될 수 있으므로 비만에 대한 적절한 관리와 치료가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.530-542
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were to investigate blood profiles and nutrient intakes of groups that are different in obese levels, and to find the credible predictor of insulin resistance. The subjects were classified as normal weight (%IBW${\leq}$ 110), obese without MS and obese with MS according to IDF definition of the risk group in metabolic syndrome (MS). Subjects of this study were included 137 (59 boys, 78 girls) free living children and adolescents (mean age $12.6{\pm}3.4$ years) in Gangneung area, South Korea. %IBW of normal weight (94.9%), obese without MS (123.8%) and obese with MS (131.5%) were significantly different among groups. HOMA-IR had positive correlations with TG (r = 0.634), waist circumference (r = 0.553), atherogenic index (r = 0.513), %IBW (r = 0.453) and ALT (r = 0.360), but showed negative correlations with HDL cholesterol (r = -0.417, p < 0.001). HOMA-IR showed positive correlation with polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (p < 0.05). The energy intake of obese with MS was 1762 kcal/day which was not significantly different from those of normal weight and obese without MS. Total fatty acid intakes of two obese groups were significantly higher than that of normal weight. The results of this study suggest that waist circumference and ALT as well as TG, atherogenic index and weight can be credible indices to predict the insulin resistance in children and in adolescents. In addition, nutrition education and adequate diet should be provided to prevent MS in children and in adolescents.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2014

BACKGROUD/OBEJECTIVES: It is hypothesized that obese people with dyslipidemia is more likely to have increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant status, in comparison with the controls who were obese without dyslipidemia. Thus, the aims of the present study were to determine the dietary intakes, plasma adipokines, and antioxidative systems between obese with dyslipidemia and obese without dyslipidemia were investigated. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Female subjects who were between 20 and 55 years old, and whose BMI was 23 or greater were recruited. Subjects who met the criteria of $BMI{\geq}23$, total cholestero ${\geq}200mg/dL$, LDL cholesterol ${\geq}130mg/dL$, and $TG{\geq}110mg/dL$ were categorized Obese with dyslipidemia. Anthropometric measurements and blood biochemical tests were conducted. The diet survey was conducted by a trained dietitian using two days of 24 hour dietary recall. The lipid peroxidation, the plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the activities of antioxidantive enzymes, and various antioxidantive vitamins levels were determined. RESULTS: Plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were also determined. There were no significant differences for age, Body Mass index (BMI), and body fat (%), waist-size between two groups. Obese with dyslipidemia had significantly high levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, the ratio of total cholesterol/HDL-C, and the ratio of HDL-C/LDL-C, respectively. Blood alkaline phosphatase level was statistically different between the two groups (P < 0.05). No statistical significance in dietary intake between two groups was shown. In case of obese with dyslipidemia group, the levels of GSH-Px (P < 0.05) and catalase (P < 0.05) as well as adjusted blood retinol (P < 0.05) and tocopherol level (P < 0.05) were significantly low. However, the plasma concentration of leptin was significantly high (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Obesity with dyslipidemia was shown to have high arthtrogenic index, depleted antioxidant status, and higher blood leptin levels which suggest higher risks of oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2017

본 연구 목적은 20대 비만 여성에서 6주간의 복합운동 적용 시 신체구성변화가 균형능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 자발적 참여의사를 밝힌 20대 비만 여성 21명을 Control(no exercise, n=7), Group I(aerobic, n=7), Group II(combined, n=7)으로 무작위 배정하여 매회 50분간 1주일에 5회 총 6주간 시행하였다. 운동 전, 후 및 측정시기에 따른 세 집단 간 신체구성과 균형변화를 SPSS 18.0 ver.을 이용하여 통계분석 하였다. 연구결과, 운동 전에 비해 Group I, II는 체중과 체지방률이 감소하였고, Group II에서만 근육량의 증가와 체질량 지수가 감소하였다(p<0.05). 균형변화는 Group II에서 정적, 동적균형 모두 향상하였으나, Group I은 정적균형만 향상하였다(p<0.05). 따라서, 복합운동프로그램은 신체구성 변화와 근육량 증가를 유발시켜 균형능력 향상에 긍정적 효과를 나타낸 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.6150-6157
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 중고등학생들의 BMI(Body Mass Index) 그룹에 따른 자신에 대한 인식정도, 학교생활 스트레스정도, 심리적 정도 등 요인과 연관성을 연구하였다. '2010 한국 청소년 건강 실태조사' 연구결과 데이터 7,187명을 이용하였다. BMI 그룹이 20미만인 저체중그룹, BMI가 20-24인 정상그룹, BMI가 25-29인 과체중그룹, BMI가 30이상인 비만그룹으로 구분하였다. 흡연을 해본 경험을 조사한 결과 저체중 BMI그룹은 592명 17.2%, 정상체중 BMI 531명 18.4%, 과체중 BMI 108명 21.8%, 비만 BMI 24명 25.8%가 흡연 경험이 있다고 조사되었다(p=0.016). 자신에 대한 만족도는 정상체중 BMI 그룹은 $14.24{\pm}3.15$점, 과체중 BMI 그룹은 $13.67{\pm}3.13$점, 비만 BMI 그룹은 $12.84{\pm}3.72$점으로 정상체중 그룹일수록 자신에 대한 만족도가 컸다(p=0.005). 학교생활은 저체중 BMI 그룹은 평균 $33.57{\pm}5.76$점, 정상체중 BMI 그룹은 $33.45{\pm}5.50$점, 과체중 BMI 그룹은 $33.12{\pm}5.34$점, 비만 BMI 그룹은 $32.21{\pm}7.43$점으로 나타났다(p=0.044). 이와 같이 사회적인 부적응 현상까지 발생시키고 있어 청소년 시기에 적절하고 효과적으로 신체적 관리가 될 수 있도록 하고 이와 함께 정신적 건강도 증대 될 수 있도록 산학관이 유기적인 체계 속에서 관리 및 운영해 나가야 할 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to analyze the effects of an exercise program on body composition and physical fitness of obese female college students. Method: Data was collected from September 29, 2003 to December, 29, 2003. The research design was arandomized control group pretest-posttest experimental design. The subjects were college nursing students at K University. Forty four students, 20 in the experimental group and 24 ina control group, with more than $30\%$ body fat were randomly assigned. The subjects in the experimental group participated in an exercise program for 12 weeks, sixty minutes per session, five times per week. Body composition and physical fitness was measured by a body composition analyzer, cardiovascular endurance, muscle endurance, muscle strength(grip strength, back strength), flexibility, balance, agility(whole body reaction time) and power(standing long jump). Result: Body weight(F=4.76, p=0.035), body fat(kg)(F=5.68, p=0.022) and body mass index(F=5.73, p=0.021) of the experimental group were significantly different from the control group, but there were no significant differences in body fat($\%$), lean body mass, muscle mass and WHR. Back strength(F=6.50, p=0.015), flexibility(F=14.62, p=0.000), muscle endurance(F=7.98, p=0.007), power(F=5.76, p=0.02l) and balance(F=2.46, p=0.018) of the experimental group were significantly different from the control group, but there were no significant differences in cardiovascular endurance, grip strength or agility. Conclusiton: The exercise program was effective in improving body weight, body fat(kg), body mass index, back strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, balance and power of obese female college students.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate anti-oxidative and inflammatory inhibition effects of green tea and dietary fiber mixture on liver of high fat diet-induced obese rats. 21 male rats were divided into 3 dietary groups and control group (A), high fat diet-induced group (B), and high fat (HF) diet-induced + EQ diet-$S^{(R)}$ diet group (C). Immunoblotting and RT-PCR analysis revealed protein expression, and anti-oxidant analysis revealed MDA (malondialdehyde), GSH (glutathione), and free DPPH radical. As a results, Body weight and food consumption were not significantly different between groups. The levels of MDA and GSH were lower in HF + $EQS^{(R)}$ group than in HF group. Also, the $EQS^{(R)}$ demonstrated to be more effective than HF group for a DPPH radicals scavenging activities. In addition, protein and mRNA level of TNF-$\alpha$ in HF + $EQS^{(R)}$ group showed relatively more potent pro-inflammatory activity inhibition compared to HF group. These results suggest that green tea mixture (EQ diet-$S^{(R)}$) provide positive effects on anti-oxidative and inflammatory inhibition effects on obese animal model or obesity related diseases.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of electrical stimulation of body composition in obese person. Subjects were 30s to 40s aged healthy workers(2004. 3. 8~4. 17) in the S general Hospital in Suwon and they were brought to manage obesity. Subjects were divided into control group(Female<0.85, Male<0.90) and study group(Female>0.85, Male>0.90) by WHR(waist-hip ratio) that is measured by Automatic body composition analyzer(InBody 3.0). And we divided the study group with randomized methods into group A(n=8) and group B(n=8). Then we compared and analyzed the change of muscle mass, body fat, abdominal girth, WHR, BMI(body mass index) after application of electrical stimulation, three times a week, for 30 minutes in each session with 50 Hz of pulse frequency, $20\;{\mu}s$ or $250\;{\mu}s$ of pulse duration. There was statistically meaningful decrement of body fat(p<0.05) and abdominal girth(p<0.05) but not of body weight, muscle mass, WHR and BMI in the control group after application of electrical stimulation with 50 Hz, $20\;{\mu}s$. There were meaningful change of abdominal girth(p<0.05), WHR(p<0.05) and BMI(p<0.05), but not of body weight, muscle mass and body fat after application of electrical stimulation with 50 Hz, $20\;{\mu}s$ in group A. We applied electrical stimulation with 50 Hz, $250\;{\mu}s$ in group B, then there were meaningful change of body weight(p<0.05), body fat(p<0.01), abdominal girth(p<0.01), WHR(p<0.05) and BMI(p<0.01) but not of muscle mass only. Consequently, the pulse duration is the main parameter of electrical stimulation that affect the body composition of obese person in this study and if we combined the diet control to reduce blood components we could have better result. So it would be more effective to manage localized obesity(in abdomen, thigh, upper arm, etc.) if you apply electrical stimulation considering the pulse duration.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.48-61
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the ordinary symptoms, special symptoms and Body Mass Index (BMI) according to Sasang constitution in female college students. Also, we aimed to analyze the factors affecting BMI. Methods Forty-four female college students participated in this study. Sasang Constitution was determined by Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification (QSCC) II. BMI was measured and ordinary symptoms were acqired through the questionnaire. Special symptoms was determined by Fatigue Severity Index (FSS), Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool (PSST), ROME III, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), respectively. For statistical analysis, t-test, analysis of variance and correlation test has been used. Results There existed significant differences in ordinary symptoms and special symptoms between sasang constitutions. Taeumin had higher urine frequency than soyangin, soeumin had higher gap of feces than taeumin. Taeumin had higher BMI and ROME III score than soyangin and soeumin. They showed significant differences in ordinary symptoms and special symptoms according to BMI. Overweight and obese group is higher in water intake than low and normal group. Low weight and normal group is higher in gap of feces than overweight and obese group. High score group in PSST and ROME III showed high BMI than low score group. We analyzed the factors that affect BMI. BMI are highly correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, FSS, PSST, ROME III and OSDI showed high correlation with each other. Conclusion Urine frequency and gap of feces are different among sasang constitutional types. The obese group and normal group showed significant differences in water intake, gap of feces, PSST and ROME III score. It is found that factors that affecting BMI are systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These results may lead to identifying the causes and factors of obesity in female college students related to Sasang constitution.