• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the recognition and satisfaction of the lower body shapes of male college students. The subjects in this study were 178 male college students. The results were as follows: 1. The degree of recognition and satisfaction of girth items in lower part of the body scored average. Subjects tended to be dissatisfied with their height. 2. The degree of satisfaction of waist girth and weight was influenced by the real body size than the degree of recognition. And abdomen girth, hip girth, ankle girth, leg length, hight, crotch length were affected by the degree of recognition than the real body size. 3. Subjects were more satisfied with standard lower body type than with lean and obese ones.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.6-17
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to define low body shapes of Plus-sized women at ages between 21 and 69 whose satisfied the Plus-sized judgment criteria took part in this study. This research also classifies different body types, and provides basic data for designing skirt's and slacks' prototypes according to each body type. Based on factor analysis of the measured data, seven key factors are grouped. And four different body types are classified based on the cluster analysis using factor marks. Type 1 refers to those who are tall in stature and balanced. This body type is characterized by trapezoid body shape when looked from the front, and slim the abdomen, bulge the belly and flat the buttocks when looked from the side. Type 2 refers to short and an obese body shapes, with trapezoid front and bulge abdomen and belly and flat the buttocks. Type 3 refers to those who are of medium height and long-legged body shapes, with rectangular front, protruding belly and buttocks. Type 4 refers to obese body shapes, with rectangular front, protruding abdomen and belly, flat the buttocks. 9 items are available to judge Plus-sized women's low body types and the hit ratio is 93.5%.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권3_4호
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• pp.499-508
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to define body characteristics of middle-aged men at ages between 35 and 55 whose physical changes are very prominent, by comparing the measurement data collected from this age group. This research also classifies different body types, and provides basic data for designing slacks' original forms according to each body type. Based on factor analysis of the measured data, seven key factors are grouped. And five different body types are classified based on the cluster analysis using factor marks. Type 1 refers to those who are tall and standard. This body type is characterized by trapezoid body shape when looked from the front, and slim abdomen when looked from the side. Type 2 refers to short and a little fat body shapes, with trapezoid front and protruding hip and abdomen. Type 3 refers to tall and fat body shapes, with rectangular front, protruding abdomen, and slim hip. Type 4 refers to those who are of medium height and a little obese, with rectangular front and protruding abdomen and hip. Type 5 refers to short and obese body shapes, with rectangular front, slim abdomen, and protruding hip. 12 items are available to judge middle-aged men's low body types and the hit ratio is 90%.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.639-651
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• 2020

This study utilized data to classify and characterize the body types of plus-size adult men aged in their 30s and 40s. Diversity is an important factor in the era of inclusive design, and discussion about size diversity to include the plus size should be accommodated. Data from 493 adult men classified as obese (with a World Health Organization criterion ≥25 BMI) were used for the analysis. The results of the study are as follows. Six independent factors were extracted using factor analysis for cluster analysis, which were then classified into five types. Type 1 (29.01%) was identified as body type I with the smallest degree of obesity. Type 2 (15.4%) was identified as body type Y with wide shoulders and a thin waist. Type 3 (14.2%) was the largest body volume (body type O), while the fourth (19.27%) identified as body type H has a large height and upper body. Lastly, type 5 (22.11%) has a long lower body and a slim abdomen, referred to as body type X. This study presents a basis for the development of various clothing sizes utilizing the body shape characteristics of plus-size men in their 30s and 40s. Follow-up research is needed to develop patterns for plus size men and to design various products.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to characterize the upper body shape of men in their 50s and 60s by analyzing direct measurement data. Sixty one direct measurement items were analyzed. Subjects (n = 752) were classified based on 5 factors into 4 body types. In order to acquire accurate upper body shape information by analyzing body type using the 8th Size Korea direct measurement data, body shapes were classified through factor and cluster analysis. As a result of the comparative analysis of the upper body measurements from the 5th to the 8th Size Korea measurement, it was found that waist circumference item tended to increase significantly from the 5th Size Korea measurements. The upper body type of middle aged males were classified using five factors: the trunk obesity factor, the trunk vertical factor, the width of the back shoulder, the vertical factor behind the back, and the length factor of the upper body. Middle-aged men were classified into four body types through cluster analysis. Type 1 is relatively short with big arms, Type 2 has wide shoulders and thin arms, and in Type 3, the upper body is relatively long. Type 4 is the most obese upper body.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.506-515
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• 2002

This study examined the state of health and weight maintenance according to the body mass index (BMI) , and explored demographic variables, diet variables, the degree of stress etc. The results presented were based on data collected from 428 women who are mothers of the middle school children in Jeongeup city. Using SPSS WIN (Ver 9.0) , the frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square, ANOVA, and correlation analysis were provided. The mean of BMI for the subjects was 22.6, the ratio of obese women (BMI $\geq$ 25) was 22.9%. The frequency of the reported circulation or respiratory related diseases was greater in the obese group compared to the normal weight ($20 \leq BMI \leq 25$) or the lean (BMI < 20) groups. The obese group had less awareness of obesity. Those who regard themselves obese had lower rates of satisfaction with their body shape and higher rates of interest in weight control. Approximately 65% of the subjects attempted weight reduction more than once. Subjects who were obese had the most undesirable dietary behavior. In particular, this group had the higher rates of rushed meals, overeating, meals while watching TV or newspapers, and snacking, and eating out. In analyzing the correlation of variables influencing obesity, there were positive correlations between obesity and overeating, obesity and the degree of stress. Correlations between obesity and satisfaction for life found to be negative. Moreover, stress had a positive correlation with obesity and overeating, and showed negative correlation with eating behavior. Consequently, stress seemed to induce undesirable eating behaviors and increase obesity. Of the demographic background variables, subjects who were obese tended to be older, had lower levels of education, higher rates of employment, longer period of marriage, the higher number of children, preschool children or children preparing for highschool or college, lower satisfaction with children and household life.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.569-578
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the lower body shape of varus-typed elderly women. This study intentionally collected elderly women at age 65 years or older who seemed to have a lower body shape of varus-type, and the data of 100 women were used for final analysis. The results are as follows. Elderly women with a lower body shape of varus-type were shorter than regular elderly women and had small circumference and weak lower body. To classify the body shapes, factor analysis was conducted which drew a total of 3 factors, with 74.11% of accumulative variance. Cluster analysis was performed according to factor analysis and the body shapes were divided into 3 types. Type 1 was a body shape with the most severe varus-type that had small measured values of height and the highest BMI. Type 2 was a group of women with a large build with a relatively small tendency of varus-type. Type 3 was a group of women who were not obese, had long lower bodies, and varus-type with small circumference, which were similar to Type 1. Therefore, this study on the body shape is expected to be used as a basic data for the development of the clothes for straightening the varus-typed lower body shape in the future.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.825-834
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• 2005

This study was to investigate the effects of the body fat $\%$ on life styles and self-recognition of health conditions in hotel culinary college students. This survey was conducted using the questionnaires for 144 students (110 males, 34 female) in Hongseung-located college. More exercise time and less frequency of alcoholic beverage they intake, lowered their body fat $\%$. Males did stronger exercise and had lower body fat $\%$ than females. The stronger exercise they did, the lower body fat $\%$ they had, and were more satisfied with their present weight. Since they had more alcoholic beverage, they smoked more. Less smoking, more abdominal obesity they were. The less satisfaction with their body weights, the higher body fat $\%$ they had. The obese less were content with their weights. More recognition of obese shape, higher body fat $\%$ they had and abdominal obesity they were. Female had higher body fat $\%$ and were more abdominal obesity, did weak action, less smoke and weak exercise than male. Higher body fat $\%$ they had, more abdominal obesity they were. The more part time jobs they had, they did not smoke or were not satisfied with their body weights. Female students in culinary arts division had higher body fat $\%$ and were dissatisfied with their body weights and did less exercise or subnormal exercises. (Korean J Communty Nutrition 10(6) : $825\∼834$, 2005)

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2014

Lower body type of middle-aged(40 to 59) women was analyzed to develop body type-specific slacks. The analysis has four factors. Factor one is hip and leg type. Factor two is lower body height and length. Factor three is waist type, and factor four is hip length. By conducting a cluster analysis with scores of four factors, it came to have three types of classifications. Type one is a rectangular-shaped slim type. Women of this type have a high and lengthy lower body and middle-length hip. They have thin and small legs, their lower body is the longest, and the smallest with small curve among three types. Type two is the diamond-shaped obese type. They have a high and long lower body and legs are medium they are the most obese type. Type three is the large, trapezoidal-shaped, slightly overweight type. They have the longest and the biggest leg and hip. But the length and height of the lower body is the shortest among the three, and the hip is small. Legs are the thickest and shortest. The hip is big compared with the waist and is the longest. They have big hips and thick legs.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The obese population is rapidly increasing because of reduced physical activity and a Westernized diet; consequently, various chronic diseases are more prevalent. With the increasing interest in body shape and appearance, research on body shape perceptions and accompanying weight control behaviors are needed for healthy weight management. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on randomly selected 536 (209 men and 327 women) aged 20 to 65 years. Body mass index (BMI), body-shape perception, weight control behavior, quality of sleep, and place of residence were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted using complex design in each groups. Collected data were analyzed using the SAS 9.4 statistical package, and the significance level was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: When these two variables were divided into four groups, they were found to influence dieting attempts. People with abnormal weights who were dissatisfied with their body shapes attempted dieting 5.23 times more than those with healthy weights and satisfaction with their body shapes. Further, those with normal weights but dissatisfaction with their bodies attempted dieting 4.45 times more than those who were satisfied with their shapes. Subjects in their 20s attempted dieting 2.53 times more than those in their 30s and 40s, and female subjects attempted dieting 2.24 times more than male subjects. CONCLUSIONS: A correct perception of one's shape can be an important factor for dietary behavior, as body shape perceptions and dieting attempts are strongly related. Additionally, healthy weight management and nutrition education are important elements to incorporate into a weight control program aimed at preventing excessive weight control behaviors and promoting correct perceptions of body shape.