• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2002

Objects and Methods : BDl, STAI and Self-Esteem scale were completed by 28 female subjects who composed of nurses of Kyung Hee Medical Center and students of Kyung Hee Oriental Medical college. At the same time, current weight, height and BMI(Body Mass Index), ideal weight, height and BMI, the difference of current weight and ideal weight, the difference of current height and ideal height, and the difference of current BMI and ideal BMI were measured. Result : 1. There was a significant difference between obese and normal weight group in the difference between the current weight and the ideal weight. The difference of the obese group were higher than the normal weight group. 2. There was a significant difference between obese and normal weight group in the mean BDI score. The mean BDI score of the obese group were higher than that of the normal weight group. 3. There was no significant difference between obese and normal weight group in the mean STAI score. 4. There was no significant difference between obese and normal weight group in the mean Self-Esteem Scale score. Conclusion : There are a tendency; the more weight, the more depression in women.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 1996

The trial was conducted to assess the impact of consulting through telephone on body weight reduction among 18 obese adult women. The degree of obesity, food intake pattern, and life style were examined through phone calls. Subjects visited our clinic and their body fat percentages were measured using impedance fat meter (model SIF-891), and were recommended and recorded to have a low calory diet with changes in the food habit and behavior. The study results are as follows: 1. There is a positive relationship between food habit, lifestyle, obese degree, and fat percentage. 2. 8-10kg and 5kg reductions in the body weight were observed among 14 subjects and 2 subjects, respectively. However, 2 subjects maintained their body weights. 3. The body reduction curve looked like a stairway (type) with low slope and was related with food intake amount. 4. It was possible to have the adequate protein intake only through the vegetable diet. 5. 15 out of 18 subjects were on the prescribed low calory diets for 3 days. Therefore, there is a time limitation to follow the diet treatment. 6. A body weight reduction altered dietary intake of foods which were rich in sweet taste, and the favorite foods were chocolate and candy.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2009

Purpose: The survey-based study aimed to determine the distribution and clustering tendency of metabolic syndrome risk factors in urban residents, and cluster odds ratios. Methods: Cluster sampling involved 827 urban participants and analysis of the collected data. Results: Regarding the prevalence of metabolic syndrome risk factors used for diagnosis, abdominal obesity was higher in women(69.5%) than in men(34.3%), high blood pressure was higher in men(57%) than in women(46.5%), and blood sugar was higher in men(6.9%) than in women(5.7%). Clustering increased with increasing body mass index(BMI), weight:height ratio(W/Ht) and abdominal obesity Risk factors for females were 1.7 times higher than for males. Participants with a family history of metabolic syndrome displayed related risk factors 1.5 times more than participants without a family history. Participants having a BMI ranking them as obese were 9.5 times more likely to display metabolic syndrome risk factors than non-obese participants. Obese participants were 20 times more likely to display risk factors than non-obese participants. Conclusion: BMI, W/Ht and abdominal obesity correlate with clustering of metabolic syndrome risk factors. The risk is increased by smoking and family history. Exercise weight control and non-smoking are recommended for comprehensive management of clustering of metabolic syndrome risk factors.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to determine the effects of a combined exercise program and telephone counseling in obese middle-aged women. The study also attempted to measure the effects of the program on physiological functions, self-efficacy and depression. Method: This research employed a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group consisted of 29 obese middle-aged women, and the control group of 30 women. The subjects in the experimental group participated in a combined exercises program and telephone counseling for 12 weeks. Results: After performing the program for 12 weeks, BMI (p=.000), percent body fat (p<.007), TC (p=.026), TG (p=.035) and depression (p=.012) in the experimental group decreased significantly compared with the control group. Self-efficacy (p=.000) in the experimental group increased significantly compared with the control group after the program. Conclusion: From these findings, it was confirmed that a combined exercises program and telephone counseling for obese middle-aged women can increase self-efficacy and decrease BMI, percent body fat, total cholesterol, triglyceride and depression. Therefore, this program can be utilized for various population groups including women, and further researches are required on programs for men.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.133-150
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to recognize of the sizing system and analyze the fitting on formal pants of the on-line shopping mall for plus-sized women. To pursue this purpose, the investigation of the sizing system was focused on 22 online companies. The formal pants of 7 companies was selected among them. And actual sizes were compared with the guidance sizes of goods. For the assessment about the fitting on formal pants of 7 online companies, these came to make on to 16 obese women with 'A' body shaped and 'O' body shaped. A data analysis used the SPSS 14.0 statistics program. To verify the difference, this study used the variance analysis and Duncan's test for the postmortem verification. The result was as follows. 1. All of 22 companies were using the symbol such as 88, 99, 100 and 110 in the present condition of sizing system. The information about products size was presenting the products size not to be the body size. the guidance sizes of products were different from actual sizes of 7 companies to be assorted. Therefore, the guidance sizes of goods could not accomplish the facility. 2. According to the fitting-tests by the sensory assessment, the obese women with 'A' body shaped, did the dissatisfaction at the items of the hip circumference, abdominal region, crotch deep and pants length. The obese women with 'O' body shaped, did the dissatisfaction at the the items of crotch deep and pants length.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.12 s.159
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• pp.1690-1696
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data useful in designing apparel patterns for aged abdominal obese women. The body measurements of 318 women were taken at random, whose ages were over 60 and fields of action were colleges, sports centers, or business sites in Seoul and the neighboring districts. A total of 33 features in the upper body and lower body were used fer the anthropometric measurement and analysis using anthropometry. The collected measurement data were processed statistically using the SPSS 12.0 program for technical statistical analysis, t-test, frequency analysis, correlation analysis. The results of the study are as follows. 1. Subjects were classified into two groups as a result of analysis for measurement data. It was revealed that 251(about 79 percent) women of total subjects(n=318) have a characteristic of abdominal obese body type and elderly women of these group usually had big abdomen rather than hip. The criteria of abdominal obesity based on waist-hip ratio, WHR(=0.85). 2. Aged abdominal obese women have shown much larger size in most body measurements except items of some vertical length, such as bust ponit-bust point, font interscye, back interscye with circumference and depth of armscye, bust, waist, abdomen and hip while showing no difference in height, biacrominal breadth, hip width, neck shoulder point to breast point, crotch length. 3. Vervaeck index(=100.1) and Rohrer index(=1.7) indicated that the abdominal obese women were fat in overall body. And aspect ratio of waist(=0.86), abdomen(=0.92) and hip(=0.75) also appeared high that the shape of cross sections in those regions was similar to a figure of circle 4. In view of the correlation coefficient between hip circumference and the rest measurement items, and between hip circumference inclusively of the abdomen protrusion and the rest measurement items, there were found some differences for each group. In case of Group (abdominal obese group), the former is smaller than the other. 5. In case of Abdominal obese women, hip circumference inclusively of the abdomen protrusion is more mutually related to the rest items related to make apparel pattern as waist circumference, depth of armscye and so on than what hip circumference is. This result indicated which must be considered hip circumference inclusively of the abdomen protrusion to make apparel patterns for abdominal obese women unlike women of common body types.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1262-1272
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• 2009

The study is classifies the figures of obese women aged 20-50 with an over 25 BMI from the data of the fifth Size Korea in 2005. As the result of conducting the factor analysis for segmenting the shape, Factor 1, Factor 2, Factor 3, and Factor 4 are respectively derived as the factor on a volume, the factor on the size of the vertical direction, the factor on the shoulder region, and the factor on the body length balance. As the result of conducting the cluster analysis using 4 factors (scores extracted from the analysis of factor analysis) the body type of obese women was classified into four types. The name of shape was specified by combining 'P' (an abbreviation of petite) that indicated the height (smaller than 155cm) among the height names of KS standard, 'R' (abbreviation of regular) that indicated the height (155cm-165cm) and the body characteristics. Type 1 had the longest length, and normal circumference, thickness, and width but with the developed shoulder. Type 1 was classified as a robust, 'Plus-RH'. Type 2 had the middle height, the shortest length of the upper part, a relatively-long length of the lower part of body. Type 2 shows the characteristics of a small body that was classified as 'Plus-PI'. The most obese body was Type 3 that had the normal length and shoulder size but showed the longest length of the upper part of the body; it was classified as 'Plus-PO'. Type 4 as the small shape had a potbelly and showed the characteristics of the shortest body classified as 'Plus-Pb'.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop an appropriate jacket pattern for obese women in 20s and 30s, providing a good fit and appearance. The results were as follows: among 3 kinds of patterns collected in order to develop a jacket pattern to fit the average body of an obese woman in 20s and 30s, a business-type pattern(which was comparatively evaluated as a good fit) was worn and revised so as to design a final research pattern with proper fitness and a good shape. The biggest problem of the existing pattern was may overall spares, especially many spares of bust size, waist measurement, hip circumference, all of which makes a bad appearance. Considering the results of a survey which indicates that young obese women like tight-fitting clothes, bust size was decreased from 8 cm to 6 cm, and their waist measurements were bigger compared to other age groups, so a total of 1.1 cm(with 0.3 cm in the front, back side, and 0.5 cm in the back waist) was decreased. The hip circumference was decreased by 2 cm from H/2+4 to H/2+2 cm, the quantity of front deflection was established as 1.5 cm in order to compensate for the coming off of the front side caused by the fat on the stomach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.291-302
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• 2010

This study details the actual wearing conditions and favored design of ready-made pants for obese women, particularly for those in their twenties and thirties. The actual problems that customers feel and the preferred design of pants were suggested based on the survey and from the standpoint of consumers. The findings of the survey are as follows. The actual wearing conditions in the survey, 80.5% like wearing pants. The main reason to prefer pants is that pants are more convenient for social or professional work activities. The main reason to avoid wearing pants is that the pants (in general) do not mask an obese body shape. The most favored was Denim/Elastic and the second most favored was Cotton/Elastic from the survey. On average, elastic materials are preferred over non-elastic materials. The reason was the comfort in wearing and convenience in social or professional activities that could mask obesity. In terms of the style, the most favored was blue jeans and the second favored was semi-formal. A straight-silhouette is the most favored as it was able to help mask obesity. The most favored position for the waistline is 4 cm lower than the natural waistline. The most favored pant length is where the pants slightly touch the floor when they stand with shoes on. For obese women the pants development that covers the weak points of the body shape giving, which is comfortable and active are desired.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.382-390
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of taekwon aerobic on obesity indices and cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged obese women. Method: Data were collected from 19 middle-aged obese women who participated in taekwon aerobic exercise. This research adopted one-group pretest-posttest design. Taekwon aerobic was applied 3 times in a week for 12 weeks, and the obesity indices and cardiovascular risk factors were checked before and after the program. Body weight, BMI and % body fat for obesity indices were checked, and total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and the ratio of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol for cardiovascular risk factors were measured. The data was analyzed by paired t-test using SPSS/win 10.0. Results: There were significant differences in body weight, BMI and % body fat after the taekwon aerobic exercise. There was a significant difference in total cholesterol. However, there were no significant differences in triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and the ratio of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol after the taekwon aerobic exercise. Conclusion: This study showed that taekwon aerobic exercise decreased obesity indices and lowered total cholesterol in the cardiovascular risk factors. The results of this study show that taekwon aerobic exercise is effective in enhancing the health of middle-aged obese women.