• ALGAE
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2017

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study carbon allocation patterns in response to N-starvation in the nearly ubiquitous diatom Chaetoceros muellerii. The role of gene expression, protein synthesis and transamination on the organic composition of cells was tested by using specific inhibitors. The results show that inhibition of key processes in algal metabolism influence the macromolecular composition of cells and and prior cell nutritional state can influence a cell's response to changing nutrient availability. The allocation of C can thus lead to different organic composition depending on the nutritional context, with obvious repercussions for the trophic web. This also shows that C allocation in algal cells is highly flexible and that C (and the energy associated with its allocation) can be variably and rapidly partitioned in algal cells in response to relatively short term perturbations. Furthermore, the data confirm and extend the utility of infrared spectroscopy as a probe of the metabolic state of autotrophic cells.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.257-262
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• 2000

This paper is to report our findings that vitamin B6 and folate nutritional state in the rural elderly population with alcohol dependency is poor. The present study was carried out to assess vitamin B6 and folate status in the 17 rural elderly subjects with alcohol dependency and 15 age-and sex-matched controls. Plasma and red cell folate concentrations were analyzed microbiologically, and pyridoxal-5-phosphate dependent erythrocyte alanine aspartate transminase(EAST) activity coefficients were determined using enzyme-coenzyme saturation kinetics. There was no difference in the amount of vitamin consumed between the two groups, and their intakes were 64% and 74.7%, respectively of the Korean dietary recommended allowances for vitamin B6 and folate. The mean percent activation for EAST of the total subjects was greater than 80%, suggesting an inadequate vitamin B6 status between the two groups. Folate concentrations in the red cell, but not in the plasma were significantly lower in the alcohol dependent(141.9ng/ml) subjects than that of the control(233.2ng/ml). Cigarette smokers had lower vitamin B6 and folate levels. Plasma and red cell folate levels were highest among the non-smoking, non-alcohol dependent subjects(11.7 and 257.3ng/ml, respectively) and lowest in the smoker-alcohol dependent group(6.7 and 132.9ng/ml). Finding ways to improve vitamin nutritional state such as vitamin supplementation might be necessary for the rural elderly people, especially for those with alcohol dependency.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.135-142
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• 1994

This research was undertaken to investigate the state of lunchbox preperation and the opinion of operating school lunch program. The subjects were 180 mothers and their children in the 6th grade of elementary school in Seoul, where a school lunch program were not operated. The results were summarized as follows ; The age of mothers were from 30's to 40's and among them over 80% graduated from a high school and 26.1% had a job. 88.9% of mothers prepared lunchbox everytime and main dish was mostly bab. The average time spent in preparing meal for one day and lunchbox were 1 hour and 58 minutes, and 28.6 minutes respectively. The number of side dishes cooked per day and for lunchbox were 9 and 3, respectively. The side dishes for lunchbox were kimchi, dried layer, ham, dried squid, egg in decreased order, which were similar to preference of children. Animal protein foods were mainly used in lunchbox than vegetables. On preparing lunchbox, mothers considered preferance, nutrition, convenience of cook, economic, appearance of food in decreased order. 92% of mothers and 75% of their children approved of operating school lunch program, and the reason, answered by their mothers, was nutritional balance of their children. In conclusion, it's needed to operate of school lunch program for optimal nutritional intake and growth of children.

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.481-488
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• 2018

Preliminary studies have claimed that short term fasting would negatively affect school performance and cognition. In contrast some other studies have reported not important decline in cognition and executive function as a result of fasting. Also limited attention was generally devoted to dietetic regimens, nutritional status and body weight. Yet neuroscience and neuro-cognitive aspects of acute hunger on the electroencephalogram and differences between obese and non-obese cases is not well understood. Hence, we decided to design and perform a case study in a more controlled situation similar to reality. Therefore, we performed several examinations including subjective tests (for eating status) and objective tests (cognitive tests such as Stroop effect and Sternberg search and electroencephalogram measures such as steady-state visual evoked potential and auditory steady-state responses) for an obese and a non-obese academic case before and after a simple breakfast. The results showed that the breakfast effects on the neuro-cognitive functions depend on either obesity status, nutritional status of the case or the type of cognitive task (visual or auditory). This paper would open a new insight to answer some important questions about the neuro-cognitive implications of fasting and feeding in obese and non-obese human cases.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.46.1-46.19
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• 2015

Background: This study examined whether activation of innate immunity and alterations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism precede development of subclinical mastitis (SCM). Methods: Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein from 100 Holstein dairy cows at -8, -4, disease diagnosis week, and +4 weeks postpartum. Six healthy cows (controls - CON) and six cows that showed clinical signs of SCM were selected for serum analyses. All serum samples were analyzed for acute phase proteins (APP) haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA); proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and serum lactate, BHBA, and NEFA concentration. Data of DMI, milk production, and milk composition were recorded and analyzed. Results: The results showed that cows with SCM had greater concentrations of SAA, TNF (P < 0.01), and lactate before expected day of parturition (P < 0.05) compared to CON cows. Cows with SCM showed greater concentrations of lactate starting at -8 weeks (P < 0.05) and TNF starting at -4 weeks prior to the expected day of parturition (P < 0.01). Interestingly, at -4 weeks, concentrations of IL-1 and Hp were lower in cows with SCM compared to healthy cows (P < 0.01) followed by an increase during the week of disease diagnosis (P < 0.05). Subclinical mastitis was associated with lower DMI, at -4 weeks before calving, milk production (P < 0.05) and increased somatic cell counts (SCC) (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that SCM is preceded by activated innate immunity and altered carbohydrate metabolism in transition dairy cows. Moreover the results support the idea that Hp, lactate, and SAA, at -8 weeks, and TNF and IL-1 at -4 weeks can be used as early indicators to screen cows during dry off for disease state.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.310-316
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of acculturation stage on dietary intake of Korean American women (0=124) living in California and to compare the dietary intake with that of Korean women (0=191) in Seoul, Korea. The dietary intake of the subjects was collected by 24-hour recall method at cross-sectional surveys. Ouster analysis performed on immigration variables (e.g., length of residency, age at immigration, etc.) classified Korean American women into less (0=73) or more (n=51) acculturated group. Acculturation stage did not have a significant effect on macro nutrient intake. However, vitamin C intake was higher in the more acculturated group, while intakes of folate, calcium, iron, and zinc were higher in the less acculturated group. In comparison of three groups (the more and the less acculturated Korean American, and the Korean group), the more acculturated the women were, the less frequently they consumed rice and kimchi (p<0.05). Korean American women ate bread/noodle, meat/meat products, fruit juice, and soda more often and consumed vegetables less frequently, compared with Korean women (p<0.05). For breakfast, Western dishes were preferred in both more and less acculturated groups. Korean dishes were favored for dinner by both groups, even though the less acculturated group ate more Korean dishes than did the more acculturated group. The acculturation measured by immigration variables influenced nutrient intakes, food consumptions, and types of dishes eaten in Korean Americans. Cultural and health implications of dietary acculturation need to be studied in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.232-247
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• 2021

This study attempted to examine the nutrition knowledge of caregivers for the elderly and the diet-related medical treatment and dietary assistance given by them. Thus, this research is a descriptive study focusing on the current nutritional knowledge of caregivers and the dietary assistance given by them. The survey included a questionnaire (nutritional knowledge level of digestive system diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular risk, brain disease, bone disease, and meal assistance performance status) for caregivers working in nursing homes for the elderly. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 235 caregivers between February and March 2020. The results were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0, and the significance test of each question was verified by the Friedman test and the Chi-square independence test. The number of elderly people who needed meal assistance from caregivers was 4.4 more than the average. The most common types of meal assistance were partial assistance (59.20%) and the task of when to stop eating for the elderly (58.71%). Besides, the higher nutritional knowledge level of the caregivers, the more the time spent on services related to meal assistance (P<0.001), and the higher the meal assistance level. The disease state of the elderly was considered the most relevant (P<0.001). Caregivers with high levels of knowledge and offering significant meal assistance were found to have received nutrition education (P<0.001). Up to 80% of the respondents needed nutrition education, and most of them answered that they needed education on appropriate management methods for the specific disease state of the elderly (P<0.01). Accordingly, providing nutrition education for caregivers for the elderly should be a means to improve their ability to offer meal assistance.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.720-730
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• 2000

Malnutrition is a common problem in cancer patients. In addition anticancer drugs used in chemotherapy as a major therapeutic mode are famous as the side effect like nausea, vomiting, which lead the patients to malnourished state. This study was to determine the relationship of anorexia, nausea, vomiting and oral intake and identify the influence these side effects on the nutritional status in patients receiving chemotherapy. To assess the nutritional status, anthropometry such as weight, height, body mass index(BMI), body fat proportion, and triceps skinfold thickness, and biochemistry test such as hemoglobin and lymphocyte were measured at the pre- and post- chemotherapy and the readmission time, all three times. During chemotherapy, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting using a VAS or 5-point scale and 24 hour oral intake using a food record were measured daily. Forty-nine patients knowing their diagnosis and receiving chemotherapy were recruited from an oncological ward in a general hospital for 5 months and they were reduced 31 at readmission time for a next chemotherapy. The results were as follows. Most subjects (93.6%) were in the 4th stage of cancer and 57.1% of subjects were in the first or the second chemotherapy. In most subjects(82.6%), their weight was decreased 10.7% than as usual. The degree of anorexia, nausea, and vomiting was significantly higher and the amount of oral intake was significantly less during the chemotherapy than at the pre-chemotherapy. Weight, BMI, triceps skinfold were reduced more at the post- chemotherapy than the pre-chemotherapy and were recovered the nearly same but less level at the readmission time. Body fat proportion was increased at the post chemotherapy and then decreased at the readmission phase. Hemoglobin and the number of lymphocyte were below normal at the pre-chemotherapy and more reduced at the readmission time. Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting were related positively and oral intake was negatively related with nausea and vomiting. The nutritional status at the post- chemotherapy and the readmission time was explained 20% over by the side effect like anorexia, nausea, vomiting and oral intake during the chemotherapy. The significant nutrition predictors at the post- chemotherapy were vomiting and the significant predictors at the readmission time were anorexia, vomiting, and oral intake. These results indicated the patients receiving chemotherapy were continued to deteriorate the nutritional status. Therefore nurse should have knowledge how much the nutritional status can be affected and assess the nutritional status periodically and try to find out the intervention for side effects from the series of chemotherapies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4199-4204
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• 2016

Cancer is a complex disease caused by a progressive accumulation of multiple genetic mutations. Consumption of fruits is associated with lower risk of several cancers, which is mainly associated to their phytochemical content. The use of functional foods and chemopreventive compounds seems to contribute in this process, acting by mechanisms of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and hormonal. The Psidium Guajava has high potential functional related to pigments who are involved in the process of cancer prevention by having antioxidant activity. The aim of the present review is to expose some chemical compounds from P. Guajava fractions and their association with anti-carcinogenic function. The evidences supports the theory of anticancer properties of P. Guajava, although the mechanisms are still not fully elucidated, but may include scavenging free radicals, regulation of gene expression, modulation of cellular signalling pathways including those involved in DNA damage repair, cell proliferation and apoptosis.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to describe the protein nutritional status of female collegians between nonvegetarian diet groups(14) and vegetarian diet groups(19). Daily intake, protein were calculated from food direct measurement. Urea/creatinine, muscle mass, fatique conditions and hematological parameter were calculated. Blood samples were analyzed for total protein, albumin ammonia, urea, uric acid, creatinine, BUN contents. The results obtained are summarized as following : 1) On total dietary intake, especially Fe, vitamin C, niacin intake, vegetarian groups were higher than non vegetarian groups. 2) On composition of EAA(essential amino acids), vegetarians were highter than non vegetarian of leucine contents, but were lower lysine and threonine contents. 3) On urea / creatinine excretion, vegetarians were higher than non begetarians. Muscle mass were non signicant, fatique condition, vegetarians were normal state. 4) Non vegetarians were increased serum albumin total protein, uric acid, ammonia but vegetarians were decreased BUN, ammonia after experimental diet intake. 5) In process of time after meal, non vegetarians were increased serum albumin total protein, BUN, but vegetarians were decreased ammonia.