• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2001

It is important to supply adequate nutrition to critically ill patients, whose gastrointestinal system is properly functioning, through the enteral tube feeding if oral intake is impossible. In this study we investigated the changes in nutritional status with enteral tube feeding according to the volume required. We investigated the volume ordered according to the patient's requirements, volume infused according to the volume ordered in 41 enteral tube feeding patients in intensive care unit from Jannuary to July, 2000. Body weight, serum albumin level, and total lymphocyte count were evaluated to assess nutritional status. The mean fasting period was 5 days before the enteral feeding and patients whose fasting period over 3 days were 51%. The mean enteral tube feeding period was 29 days and method of feeding was nasogastric, bolus feeding 6 times per day. The volume ordered was 69.7% of the patients' recommended calorie and volume infused was 86.6% of their volume prescribed. Accordingly, the volume infused was estimated 61.7% of their volume required. Only 44.6% of their reqiured volume was infused within 3 days after enteral tube feeding was started. It took 16 days in average to meet the patients' recommended calorie; 56% of subjects still did not fully met their requirements by the end point. Among the impeding factors in supplying enteral tube feeding, factors related to the number of feeding were high residual volume in stomach, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal distension and surgery. Factors related to the acctual infused volume were diarrhea, gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal distension, airway management and tube reinsertion. Significant correlations were shown between the volume infused and changes in both the patients' weight and serum albumin level. Deviding the subjects into two groups by their infused volume, less than 70% and more than that, we compared the two to come up with a significant difference in their serum albumin level, -0.23 vs 0.21, and their body weight, -4.52 vs 0.12. In enteral tube feeding, the volume delivered in sufficient to the pateints' energy requirement can affect their nutriitional status in critically ill patient; adequate nutritional management plan is essential. It is necessary to make every effort to educate clinical staff and to set up a unified management program to prescribe adequate ammount of energy for the patient's nutritional requirement.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2009

This study aimed to examine nutritional status and similarities of diets between Vietnamese female immigrants and Korean spouses and dietary changes of Vietnamese females after immigration. Subjects were 608 couples visiting 13 medical centers for the Cohort of Intermarried Women in Korea from November 2006 to November 2007. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were obtained and dietary intakes were assessed using one-day 24-hour recall. Sixty-eight percent of wives answered there have been changes in their diets and consumptions of meats, fish, dairy products, vegetables, and fruits increased after immigration. Energy intakes of wives and spouses were 1491.7 kcal and 1788.8 kcal, respectively, showing most couples (80.1%) consumed less than the Korean estimated energy requirements. More than half of the couples were below the Korean estimated average requirements of zinc, vitamin $B_2$, and folate. The correlation coefficients between couples ranged 0.15-0.38 for unadjusted, 0.22-0.35 for per 1000 kcal, and 0.21-0.40 for energy-adjusted, respectively. The proportions of couples in the same quartiles of each nutrient intake and in the same answers of each question of Mini Dietary Assessment were about 30% across nutrients and around 50% across questions. The length of residence is related to similarities of nutrient intakes between couples: similarities decreased after 3 years of residence in Korea. In conclusion, nutritional intakes of inter-married couples were inadequate although wives reported that their dietary intakes increased after immigration. Inadequate nutrient intakes of wives were partly explained by similar diets between couples because these wives without enough adjustment to Korean culture were more likely to follow what their spouses ate. Findings from this study may be helpful to improve the nutritional status of inter-married couples and make policies and programs for them. A follow-up study should identify factors affecting inadequate nutritional status of intermarried couples and similarities of their diets.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate housewives' perception, interest and consumption of health drinks made in a health food stores, and to assess the relationsh- ip between nutritionally-related-variables and the consumption of health drinks. Data was collected from 518 housewives in Chonnam province. Among many items which housewives perceived about health drinks, three factors of 'preference·health-care', ' quality·convenience' and 'price' were found to be represented. Housewives' perception of 'preference·health-care' was negatively correlated with nutritional knowledge. However, a positive correlation between the 'quality·convenience' and eating habits was found. Consumption of health drinks was positively correlated with the diet management score, the perception and interest in health drinks. However, the inverse relationship between consumption of health drinks and nutritional knowledge was observed. Multiple regression analysis showed that the interest and factors of perception of health drinks. Consumption of health drinks was not based upon accurate knowledge concerning nutrition, but was based upon the consumers' perception of taste preference and healthful quality. Therefore, there is a need to educate consumers about the nutritional value of health drinks and how to use nutritional supplements.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.275-289
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to develop a computer system with data file and computerized programs for nutrition counseling. In this research, a 16 / XT personal computer (word : COBOL) compatible with IBM-PC/XT was used. Computer system developed for this study was as follows: Data files(food composition list, food exchange list, nutrition management comment, special diet therapy) were used for analysis the nutritional status and the ntrition education comment. (1) Programs for the nutritional status assessment 1) General information a) Name, age, sex, higher, weight, activity, disease and special diet b) Ideal body weight and Obesity assessment(Kaup index and Broca index) c) Rest and athletics status d) Biochemical data comparision with standard 2) Food Intakes 3) Nutrient Intakes a) Comparison of the amounts intaked with the recommended dietary allowances for present weight. b) Comparison of the energy composition rate intaked with the recommended dietary allowances for present weight. b) Comparison of the energy composition rate intaked with the recommended for present weight and ideal weight. c) Nutrient analysis by each meal and snack. 4) Food intakes from each food group and comparison with recommended 5) Special nutrient analysis. (2) Programs for the nutrition education based on nutritional status assessment. 1) Suggestion of number of food exchange group 2) Nutritional assessment and advise comments 3) Nutritional management comments 4) Special diet therapy In the study, the nutritioal status and nutrition education comments are based on individual data from nutrition counseling.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.59-73
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• 2019

This study examined the possible causes of nutritional inadequacy in Vietnamese immigrant women married to Korean husbands. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with a sample of 34 Vietnamese marriage immigrant women and 17 Korean spouses participating in or having experienced Nutrition Plus from four Community Health Centers in Seoul, Korea. The study results showed that the nutritional staus of the Vietnamese marriage immigrant women was affected by the unfamiliar Korean food (cultural factor), low household income (economical factor), difficulty in purchasing Vietnamese food (environmental factor), and low accessibility to nutrition support systems (social factor). The Korean husbands' nutritional status was affected by the unfamiliar Vietnamese food (cultural factor), low household income (economic factor), and irregular working conditions (social factors). Nutritional interventions as a public service to the community needs to be developed and applied. Suggestions are presented regarding the future efforts to better understand and meet the nutrition needs of intermarried couples to respond to their heterogeneous needs and deliver adequate nutrition service to ever increasing intermarried families.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.543-554
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The elderly are reported to have a high prevalence of nutritional anemia when they have lower intakes of nutrients or chronic diseases. This study was conducted to compare nutritional status according to nutritional anemia and to determine associations between nutritional anemia and chronic diseases in Korean elderly. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study utilized data on 3,258 elderly aged ${\geq}65$ years gathered during the $6^{th}$ Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015. Subjects were divided into nutritional anemia (NA) group (n = 415) and non-NA group (n = 2,843) by hemoglobin concentration. Nutrient intakes were assessed using dietary intake data obtained using the 24-hour recall method. The odds ratios (ORs) for nutritional anemia by chronic diseases were determined. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Ver. 23.0. RESULTS: Of 3,258 subjects, 12.7% had nutritional anemia. Intakes of potatoes, pulses, and mushrooms by males and potatoes, fruits, meats, eggs, and seafood by females were significantly lower in NA group than in non-NA group. The proportion of the subjects whose intakes of protein, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, and iron less than estimated average requirement (EAR) were significantly higher in NA group compared to non-NA group. After adjusting for age, the number of family members, energy intake, and alcohol drinking, ORs for nutritional anemia in the subjects with diabetes and myocardial infarction or angina pectoris were significantly higher by 1.74 times and 1.59 times as compared to the subjects without those diseases, respectively. However, ORs for nutritional anemia in the subjects with obesity, abdominal obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia were significantly lower by 0.64 times, 0.60 times, and 0.59 times as compared to the subjects without those diseases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggested that nutritional management should be done to enable the Korean elderly to consume foods with high hematopoietic nutrients density to prevent nutritional anemia. Korean elderly need to make regular efforts to check for nutritional anemia.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The traditional Korean diet is plant-based and rich in antioxidants. Previous studies have investigated the potential health benefits of individual nutrients of Korean foods. However, the cumulative effects of a Korean diet on inflammation remain poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of a plant-based Korean diet. MATERIALS/METHODS: Using data from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 75 individual plant food items were selected which represent over 1% of the total diet intake of the Korean diet. These items were classified into ten different food groups, and the vegetable (Veg) and fruit (Fruit) groups were studied based on their high antioxidant capacity. For comparison, a mixture of all ten groups (Mix) was prepared. To produce a model of inflammation with which to test these Veg, Fruit, and Mix plant-based Korean food extracts (PKE), RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RESULTS: Levels of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), as well as protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were found to be lower following PKE treatment. Furthermore, PKE treatment was found to suppress tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) via the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) signaling pathway. Overall, the Mix group exhibited the greatest anti-inflammatory effects compared with Veg and Fruit PKE group. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators by the PKE tested was found to involve an inhibition of NF-kB activation. Moreover, PKE tested have the potential to ameliorate various inflammation-related diseases by limiting the excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.714-722
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to determine the effects of leucine on body weight reduction in high fat diet-induced overweight rats. To induce overweight, six-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 80) were divided into 8 groups; one group of 10 rats was fed on a normal fat diet and the remaining 70 rats were fed on a high-fat diet (40% of energy as fat) for 14 weeks. Then, 10 rats fed on the normal fat diet and another 10 rats fed on the high fat diet were sacrificed to identify overweight induction. The remaining 60 rats were divided randomly into 6 groups according to body weight and fed on one of the diets with different dietary fat levels (9.6% or 40% of energy as fat) and leucine levels (0, 0.6 or 1.2 g/kg BW) for the following 5 weeks of experiments. The body weight loss in the Leu-administered groups (0.6 g, 1.2 g/kg BW) was significantly higher than those of Leu non-administered groups. The perirenal fat pad weights in the Leu-administered groups were significantly lower than those of the Leu non-administered groups. Of the hepatic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities were reduced significantly in the Leu-administered groups than in the Leu non-administered groups. With the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the incremental areas under the curve of the glucose response (IAUC) of the Leu-administered groups were significantly lower than those of the Leu non-administered groups. The fasting glucose concentration and HOMA-IR of the Leu-administered groups were significantly lower than those of the Leu non-administered groups. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that one of the possible mechanisms of leucine in the observed body weight reduction might involve the inhibition of lipogenic enzyme activities such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, rather than the activation of lipolysis enzymes. Additionally, leucine adminstration resulted in improved glucose metabolism.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.536-541
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• 2016

본 연구는 고등어의 단기 저장 중 이화학적 분석을 통하여 가정에서 고등어 저장 시 냉동 저장 조건을 탐색해보았다. 고등어의 지방 산패 정도를 나타내는 TBA가에서는 저장 초기에는 $-5^{\circ}C$ 저장군과 $-20^{\circ}C$ 저장군이 유사한 경향을 보이나 저장 14일차부터는 $-1^{\circ}C$ 저장군이 $-5^{\circ}C$ 저장군과 유사한 경향을 보였다. 고등어의 단백질 신선도를 나타내는 VBN 함량과 pH도 $-5^{\circ}C$ 저장군과 $-20^{\circ}C$ 저장군이 유사한 추세를 보이며 증가하였다. 저장 초기에는 대부분의 실험항목에서 $-5^{\circ}C$ 저장군과 $-20^{\circ}C$ 저장군이 유사한 결과를 나타낸 점에 의의가 있다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합해 볼 때, 고등어의 단기 저장 시 $-5^{\circ}C$에서의 저장은 $-20^{\circ}C$에서의 저장과 유사한 측면을 보이며 약 51일간 저장이 가능할 것으로 예측되어 고등어의 단기 저장 시 신선도 유지에 효율적이라고 사료된다. 그러나 어류는 수분 함량이 많고 미생물의 번식이 쉽게 때문에 육류보다 부패하는 속도가 빨라 식중독 발생의 위험이 크므로 장기간 저장하기 위해서는 저온냉동이 필수적이라 사료된다. 추후 온도 조절뿐만 아니라 가정용 냉장고의 습도, 고등의 포장 방법, 저장 시 용량 등 여러 인자들의 조절로 가정 내 고등어의 냉동 저장에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.176-185
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• 2014

본 연구는 PCOS 환자를 대상으로 MetS 여부에 따른 플라보노이드 섭취량의 차이를 분석하고 MetS과 플라보노이드 섭취와의 관련성을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 이 연구를 통해 관찰된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, MetS이 없는 군에 비해 MetS이 있는 군은 총 6종의 플라보노이드군 중 플라보놀 (flavonols)을 유의적으로 적게 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 간이식생활진단 (MDA)을 통한 식습관을 조사한 결과, '과일이나 과일주스를 매일 먹는다'라는 질문에 대해 '아닌 편이다'라고 응답한 비율이 MetS이 없는 군에 비해 MetS이 있는 군이 높았다. 셋째, 플라보놀 (flavonols)의 섭취량과 MetS의 교차비 (OR)를 분석한 결과, 모든 혼란변수를 보정한 후, 최하위 섭취군 대비 최상위 섭취군에서 MetS에 대한 교차비가 유의적으로 낮았다. 이상 PCOS 환자를 대상으로 MetS과 플라보노이드 섭취와의 관련성을 조사한 결과, MetS이 있는 군이 MetS이 없는 군에 비해 플라보놀 (flavonols)의 섭취량이 유의적으로 낮았고 플라보놀 (flavonols)의 섭취량은 MetS의 위험도와 역의 관계를 나타냈다.