• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.337-352
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• 2011

This study was conducted to vitalize life through analysis on lifestyles, stress and dietary habits of male employees. For this study, questionnaire survey and physical measurements to examine BMI and waist circumference were performed with male employees in four companies located in Gyeongnam. Total 350 copies of the questionnaire were distributed and 327 ones were finally analyzed. The results of analysis on dietary liferelated problems and stress were as follows. First, according to BMI, 56.9% were overweight and waist circumference recorded less than 90 cm in 90.5%. For lifestyles, 54.1%, 79.2%, 60.9% and 52.3% smoked, drank alcohol, didn't exercise and didn't sleep sufficiently. Second, for the correlation with job stress, the subjects graduating junior college or lower academic institution, production employees and sleeping insufficiently showed higher compared to the others. Analysis on the correlation with life stress found that conjugal relation stress was higher in alcohol-drinkers, the males not taking dietary supplements, those with a normal weight or more compared to underweight ones. Stress from relation with a child was higher aged 35~49 years than in those aged 20~34 years, and stress from economic life was higher aged less than 50 years, in those graduating junior colleges compared to those graduating colleges, in those sleeping insufficiently. Health life stress was found to be higher in those without religion compared to those with it such as Protestant Christianity and Catholicism, in alcohol drinkers and in those sleeping insufficiently and having a disease. Based on this, in order to improve the lifestyles and dietary habits and release stress effectively, practical nutrition education program should be carried out.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the current difficulties surrounding children's obesity management and evaluate the application of a mobile phone as a tool to overcome such difficulties of obesity management from the perspective of main caregivers of elementary school students. Methods: The qualitative data were collected through 3 focus group interviews including 6 full-time housewives, 7 mothers with overweight children, and 4 working mothers. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach. Results: The limitations of current children's obesity management included difficulty in diet management and exercise as well as challenges of setting goals and lack of support at the household and school levels. Mobile technology may be useful to overcome the current problems by providing real-time knowledge on diet management and physical activity, online compensation scheme according to goal setting, and interactive environmental supports at both household and school levels for promoting overall health. Conclusions: The mobile-based multiple support program may assist in overcoming the current limitations of child obesity management by providing tailored information and by creating a more supportive environment.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2019

[Purpose] Effective nutritional intervention can help reduce the risk of nutritional problems and improve athletic performance in adolescents. The five A's (assess, advise, agree, assist, and arrange) model is widely used as the theoretical framework for advice on nutrition, smoking, drinking, and physical activity and it recommends that practitioners in primary health care promote behavior change to facilitate positive outcomes. This model has also been useful in understanding the underlying processes of behavior change. This study aimed to develop both a novel evidence-based nutritional intervention protocol, rooted in sound nutritional theory, and a customizable nutritional intervention program to support sustainable healthy eating, enhance nutrient intake, and improve athletic performance in adolescent athletes. [Methods] In this study, we adapted the 5 A's behavioral change model and motivational interview to develop a theoretical framework to help adolescent athletes change their behavior and achieve their goals. [Results] During each step of the 5 A's protocol, a customized nutritional intervention protocol was developed by nutrition experts for each of adolescent athletes. Each plan was developed to improve the eating habits of adolescent athletes through group education and counseling. All nutritional counseling sessions were designed to enable participants to apply nutritional knowledge and practical action plans to their training and competition conditions to enable each of them to achieve individual athletic goals and facilitate self-management. [Conclusion] A theoretical and evidence-based nutritional intervention protocol was developed to identify and address obstacles to healthy dietary habits in adolescent athletes. This could be used as the basis for further studies aimed at improving nutrient intake and athletic performance in adolescent athletes.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.951-963
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating behaviors, the self-perception of body images, the hematological indices and the nutrient intake of adolescent female athletes in Incheon. The subjects were 112 female athletes(track and fleld: n=32, target shooting: n=27, fencing n=29, swimming: n=14, badminton: n=10) from middle and high schools in Incheon. This cross-sectional study was conducted by means of a sol(-administered questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), ferritin, serum iron, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation (TS). Nutrient intakes obtained by means of the 3 day-recall method were analyzed using the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 10.0 program. Most of the female athletes had dietary problems such as eating unbalanced meals, skipping meals, and preferences for processed foods. More than 60% of the female athletes skipped breakfast. As for perception of their body images, track and field athletes in particular, controlled their weights significantly better than the other athletes (p<0.05). With regard to their physical exertion during exercise, 56.3% of the swimmers and 31.3% of the track and field athletes answered “very hard”, which was a significant difference (p< 0.001). More than 80% of the female athletes experienced vertigo during exercise (p< 0.01). Also more than 50% of the female athletes, with the exception of the badminton players, had experienced irregular menstruation (p<0.05). The average serum iron levels (p<0.05), the serum ferritin levels (p<0.05) and TS (p<0.05) of the track and field athletes was significantly lower as compared to that of the other athletes. The nutrient intakes of the female athletes, with the exception of Vitamin B$_{6}$, niacin and phosphorus were lower than the Korean Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA). In particular, the calcium and iron intakes of the female athletes were under 50% of the Korean RDA. Therefore, proper nutritional education and supplementation are required for female athletes to encourage desirable eating habits, as well as to improve their nutritional status and exercise performances.s.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 5 weeks self-help management program developed by Kim et al. (2000-b) and reinforced with music therapy for post stroke patients. Method: This was pre-experimental study and the subjects were 14 post stroke hemiplegic patients at home who were registered at the Gunsan Health Center. The program was applied for five weeks and two hours for each session composed of the preparation step, the main step and the finishing step. The contents of the program were ROM exercise, daily activity training, risk factors and aftereffects, nutrition management and stress management. To collect data, all subjects were questioned before and after the application of the program. Collected data were analyzed through frequencies, percentages, Wilcoxen signed rank test and Cronbach's alpha using SPSS-WIN program. Result: After the application of the self-help management program, a statistically significant increase was observed in the subjects' ability to perform activities of daily living (p=.039), ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (p=.005), self-efficacy (p=.001), self-care behavior (p=.001) and quality of life (p=.001), and a statistically significant decrease was observed in depression (p=.012). Conclusion: The present self-help management program was found to be helpful in improving the subjects' physical and psychological functions after they were attacked by stroke, so to be an effective nursing intervention strategy for post stoke patients. Future researches need to reinforce and materialize music therapy and to develop and apply a self-help management program that includes not only post stroke patients but also their families. In addition, it is necessary to expand the scope of subjects and apply follow-up management in order to continue self-help meetings.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.379-388
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• 2007

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to compare the motivation for health behavior, health behaviors practices, and ADL of institutionalized elderly women with those of non-institutionalized elderly women. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in convenience samples of 144 aged women(80 institutionalized and 64 non-institutionalized) using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test, and ANCOVA were used for data analysis with SPSS program. Results: The institutionalized elderly reported significantly higher motivation than the non-institutionalized elderly. In subcategories of motivation, self-efficacy of the institutionalized elderly was significantly lower than that of the non-institutionalized elderly. The non-institutionalized elderly reported significantly lower perceived benefits and significantly higher perceived barriers than institutionalized elderly. The institutionalized elderly reported significantly lower health behaviors in exercise and nutrition than the non-institutionalized elderly. Among health behaviors of the non-institutionalized elderly women, stress management marked the lowest score. Conclusion: To enhance motivation of institutionalized elderly women, interventions for building self-efficacy are needed. To promote the health behavior of the non-institutionalized elderly, stress management programs are needed. All elderly women need exercise.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate demonstration health promotion programs offered by 18 health centers in a structural aspect of the health centers. Methods: The Evaluation Committee was organized with professors from collaboration universities and researchers of this study. Using structure evaluation frame. reports from 18 health centers were reviewed by the committee. Evaluation categories included organizational change, manpower construction, budget, and manpower training and education. Results: Only 5 health centers out of 18 have independent health promotion department. Nurses played a major role for health promotion programs. Other health personnel participated in the health promotion programs included dental hygienists, nutritionists, and exercise specialists. Related to program budgets. local government support rates were varied by the region. Various kind of manpower training was offered to health personnel for the health promotion programs including smoking control. exercise, alcohol, nutrition, and so forth. Conclusion: The study results indicated that establishment of independent health promotion department, maintenance of same manpower construction, provision of diversity manpower training were the factors that foster effective health promotion programs.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.441-450
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• 2009

The prevalence of obesity in children has steadily risen during recent years in developed countries. Child obesity has become a major concern to health providers since it has grown to epidemic proportions over the past few decades. This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical status, dietary habits and life styles according to the obesity degree among obese children residing in the Gyungbuk area. The subjects were 148 elementary school students (boy 103, girl 45) and classified as mildly obese (n = 56), moderately obese (n = 61) and severely obese (n = 31) by the obesity index. The average body weight and height increased significantly according to the obesity degree (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). Serum cholesterol concentration came under the normal level in all groups. Serum AST activity increased according to the obesity degree but it was not significant. Serum ALT activity increased according to the obesity degree (p < 0.05). Dietary habit score was lower significantly according to the obesity degree (p < 0.01). Life style of the subjects was significantly different for the level of 'healthy state (p < 0.05)', 'body perception (p < 0.01)', 'watching TV and video (p < 0.05)', 'normal sleeping hour (p < 0.05)' and 'degree of stress (p < 0.05)' according to the obesity degree. A positive relationship between obesity index and blood pressure, ALT has been shown in the subjects. Obesity index and dietary habit scores were negatively associated. Therefore, these results suggest that a practical nutrition-exercise education program for the prevention of child obesity should be provided to elementary school children. (Korean J Community Nutrition 14(4) : 441${\sim}$450, 2009)

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2010

Prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing significantly worldwide due to energy imbalance perhaps stemming from undesirable dietary behavior and physical activity level. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of physical activity level on nutritional status in elementary school students. The subjects were comprised of 287 elementary school students between 4th and 6th grades in Seoul, Korea. The level of physical activity was scored with a modified Godin leisure-time exercise questionnaire and was categorized as active, moderately active, and sedentary. Dietary intakes were obtained using a 24-hour food recall method. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to test for global significant differences of nutrient intakes by physical activity level. Boys were more active than girls. Daily intakes of energy in moderately active boys were significantly higher than in the sedentary group, but intakes of calcium and iron in moderately active boys were lower than active boys. For girls, physical activity level did not affect nutrient density at all. Intakes of calcium, vitamin C, and folate for both boys and girls were below 50% of recommended intake. Physical activity did not affect nutrient density and our participants were exposed to nutritional imbalance. Therefore, the results suggest that nutrition education regarding balanced diet and optimum physical activity is required for children's health and growth.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.571-579
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to investigate the effect of a 12-wk intervention with behavioral modification on clinical characteristics and dietary intakes of young and otherwise healthy obese and to identify factors for successful weight loss. The goal was to lose 0.5 kg per week by reducing 300-500 kcal/day and by increasing physical activities. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty four obese subjects (BMI > 25) and 19 normal weight subjects (BMI 18.5-23) finished the 12-week intervention. Obese subjects participated in 5 group educations and 6 individual counseling sessions. Normal weight subjects attended 6 individual counseling sessions for evaluations of dietary intake and exercise pattern. Anthropometric and clinical characteristics and 3-day dietary records were evaluated at baseline and week12. RESULTS: Weight and serum triglyceride and free fatty acid concentrations in obese group decreased significantly with intervention. Intakes of energy, fat, and cholesterol decreased significantly in the obese. Active participation, realistic weight loss goal setting, and weight gain after high school graduation not during childhood were identified as key factors for successful weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: The 12-week intervention with behavioral modification resulted in reduced energy and fat intakes and led to significant weight loss and improvements of clinical characteristics in the obese. The finding that those who became obese during childhood lost less weight indicates the importance of 'early' intervention.