• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.27-30
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• 2007

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2_spc호
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• pp.350-363
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• 2023

Beef quality is characterized by marbling (marbling degree and marbling fineness), physiochemical (shear force, meat color, fat color, texture, and maturity), and sensory (tenderness, flavor, juiciness, taste, odor, and appearance) traits. This paper summarizes and addresses beef-quality characteristics and the beef-grading systems in Korea, Japan, the USA, and Australia. This paper summarizes recent research progresses on the genetic and nutritional factors that affect beef quality. Intramuscular (i.m.) adipose tissue deposition or marbling is a major determinant of beef quality. This paper addresses the mechanisms of i.m. adipose tissue deposition focused on adipogenesis and lipogenesis. We also address selected signaling pathways associated with i.m. adipose tissue deposition. Nutrients contribute to the cellular response and phenotypes through gene expression and metabolism. This paper addresses control of gene expression through several nutrients (carbohydrates, fat/fatty acids, vitamins, etc.) for i.m. adipose tissue deposition. Several transcription factors responsible for gene expression via nutrients are addressed. We introduce the concept of genome-based precision feeding in Korean cattle.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2012

Inhibiting the bioactivities of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) results in significant inhibition of neovessel formation during tumor angiogenesis. To investigate the potential effect of phloroglucinol as an EPC inhibitor, we performed several in vitro functional assays using $CD34^+$ cells isolated from human umbilical cord blood (HUCB). Although a high treatment dose of phloroglucinol did not show any cell toxicity, it specifically induced the cell death of EPCs under serum free conditions through apoptosis. In the EPC colony-forming assay (EPC-CFA), we observed a significant decreased in the small EPC-CFUs for the phloroglucinol group, implying that phloroglucinol inhibited the early stage of EPC commitment. In addition, in the in vitro expansion assay using $CD34^+$ cells, treatment with phloroglucinol was shown to inhibit endothelial lineage commitment, as demonstrated by the decrease in endothelial surface markers of EPCs including $CD34^+$, $CD34^+/CD133^+$, $CD34^+/CD31^+$ and $CD34^+/CXCR4^+$. This is the first report to demonstrate that phloroglucinol can inhibit the functional bioactivities of EPCs, indicating that phloroglucinol may be used as an EPC inhibitor in the development of biosafe anti-tumor drugs that target tumor angiogenesis.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2012

One of the biggest challenges for the animal feed industry in the coming years will be to meet the growing demand in animal protein in light of increased cost of feed ingredient as well as tougher restrictions on the use of antimicrobial growth promoters imposed by consumers and governments. A key focus area will be to maximise feed efficiency and minimise nutrient waste. It has been widely acknowledged that the composition of the intestinal microflora is closely related to intestinal health and performance of animals. Advanced microbial techniques have shown a close relationship between bacterial communities and their ability to modulate nutrient absorption and processing. In addition it has been recognised that modulating the immune response has significant impact on overall health as well as overall nutrient demand. Molecular techniques are a useful tool to gain an understanding of the impact of dietary interventions including the use of functional feed additives on specific changes in microbial communities or the immune system. Most these techniques however focus on the evaluation of large changes in bacterial compositions and often underestimate or neglect to recognise small changes in microbial diversity or behaviour changes without any measurable immune response. The key to understanding the relationship between specific nutritional intervention and the impact on health and performance lies in a deeper understanding of the impact of these nutrients on the expression of specific genes or specific metabolic pathways. The development of molecular tools as a result of developments in the field of Nutrigenomics has enabled researchers to study the effects of specific nutrients on the whole genome or in other words, the effect of thousands of genes simultaneously, and has opened a completely different avenue for nutritional research.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.649-655
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• 2005

Nutrigenomics refers to research that investigates the interaction between nutrition and the human genome. Caffeine in tea and coffee is widely and routinely consumed by people. This study was performed to confirm the effect of caffeine treatment on the gene expression and cytokine profiling in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells using microarray and protein array methodology. Treatment of caffeine in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells increased expression of several genes related with obesity including adipocyte C1Q and collagen domain containing (ACDC), Adipsin (ADN), uncoupling protein 3(UCP3), while glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which is known as lipid storage enzyme, was decreased by caffeine treatment. Furthermore, cytokines, such as interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-12(IL-12), interleukin-13 (IL-13), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were decreased in caffeine treated 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. These results provided interesting information about the genes related with caffeine and cytokine expression profiling in obesity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.384-392
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Enteral nutrition formulas with immune-enhancing nutrients, such as n-3 fatty acids, may manage patients' nutritional status and pathophysiological processes. The aim of our study was to investigate natural killer (NK) cell activity alterations and related cytokine changes resulting from feeding with soybean oil-containing enteral nutrition formula (control group) and plant-derived n-3 fatty acid-enriched enteral nutrition formula. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects participated for 14 consecutive days and consumed enteral formula containing canola and flaxseed oil (n3EN, test group) in nonsurgical patients hospitalized for rehabilitation. Blood samples were collected on the first day and 14 days after the consumption of each formula daily, and anthropometric parameters were collected. Hematology and biochemical values were analyzed, and NK cell activities and serum cytokine concentration were measured. A total of sixty subjects were included in the analysis, excluding dropouts. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in biochemical parameters. The n3EN group's NK cell activities at effector:tumor cell ratios of 10:1, 5:1, 2.5:1 and 0.625:1 were significantly higher than those of the control group after two weeks (P < 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in serum cytokine interleukin (IL)-12, $interferon-{\gamma}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ values between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this study elucidates the beneficial effects of plant-derived n-3 fatty acid supplementation in enteral formula on NK cell activity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2008

내당능 장애와 공복혈당장애는 장차 당뇨병으로 진행되거나 심혈관 질환을 일으키는 위험인자로 간주되어 적절한 혈당 및 혈중지질수치의 조절이 필요하다. 홍국의 기능성분인 모나콜린-K는 stalin계열 약물의 주원료로서 이미 지질 강하제로 잘 알려져 있다. 홍국의 지질 강하제 이외의 다른 효과로서 동물 자체 효력 시험과 문헌 고찰을 통해 혈당 강하 효과가 보고되고 있으므로 이중 맹검, 무작위배정, 위약 대조 인체시험을 통하여 홍국의 혈중 지질 및 혈당 개선에 대한 효능을 확인하는 목적으로 본 연구를 실시하였다. $18{\sim}80$세 사이의 남녀를 대상으로, 스크리닝 시 공복혈당이 110 mg/dl이상 126 mg/dl 이하인 공복 혈당 장애이거나 경구 당 부하 검사 2시간 후 혈당이 140 mg/dl 이상 199 mg/dl 이하인 내당능 장애자이거나 당화혈색소 수치가 6% 이상 7% 이하인 자로서 심각한 합병증이 없는 사람을 대상으로 하였으며, 홍국 저용량군 21명, 고용량군 23명, 위약군 20명으로 총 64명을 대상으로 12주간 검사에 대한 결과분석을 실시하였다. 1차 유효성 지표로 혈중 지질관련 지표인 중성지방, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL 콜레스테롤, HDL 콜레스테롤, Atherogenic index (AI)를 측정하였으며, 2차 유효성 지표로 혈당 지표인 공복 혈당, 경구 당부하 검사 2시간 혈당치, 당화혈색소, 인슐린, MOHAIR, 유리지방산을 측정하였다. 시험군에서 홍국제제 섭취 전후로 중성지방, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL 콜레스테롤, HDL콜레스테롤 수치가 유의적으로 개선되었으며 동맥경화지수도 유의적으로 향상되었다. 홍국 고용량군의 총 콜레스테롤, HDL 콜레스테롤과 LDL 콜레스테롤 및 동맥경화지수 개선 정도는 위약군의 변화량과 비교하여 유의적으로 개선되는 것으로 나타났고, 저용량군의 경우에도 LDL 콜레스테롤과 동맥경화지수 개선 정도가 위약군의 변화량과 비교하여 유의적으로 개선되었다. 홍국의 섭취가 혈당조절에 미치는 영향은 모든 시험군에서 제제 섭취 12주 후 공복혈당이 감소하였고, 시험군이 위약군에 비해 더욱 감소하였으나 통계적으로는 유의하지 않았다. 주평가지표인 공복혈당을 기준으로 공복혈당 110mg/dl 이상인 피험자만을 대상으로 당대사 관련 지표를 분석한 결과, 홍국 고용량군에서 공복혈당의 감소경향이 관찰되었고, 홍국 저용량군에서는 당화혈색소의 유의적인 감소효과를 확인하였으나 위약군의 변화량과 비교하여 유의적이지 않았다. 공복혈당 장애자 또는 내당능 장애자에서 하루 홍국 분말 2.52 g (저용량군) 또는 5.04 g (고용량군)을 포함한 건강기능식품을 12주간 섭취시킨 결과 혈중 지질 농도와 동맥경화 지수의 개선으로 심혈관 질환의 위험도를 낮출 수 있을 것으로 보이며, 고용량군일 경우 더 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2379-2381
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• 2014

It is becoming progressively more understandable that phytochemicals derived from edible plants have shown potential in modelling their interactions with their target proteins. Rapidly accumulating in-vitro and in- vivo evidence indicates that anthocyanins have anticancer activity in rodent models of cancer. More intriguingly, evaluation of bilberry anthocyanins as chemopreventive agents in twenty-five colorectal cancer patients has opened new window of opportunity in translating the findings from laboratory to clinic. Confluence of information suggests that anthocyanins treated cancer cells reveal up-regulation of tumor suppressor genes. There is a successive increase in the research-work in nutrigenomics and evidence has started to shed light on intracellular-signaling cascades as common molecular targets for anthocyanins. In this review we bring to l imelight how anthocyanins induced apoptosis in cancer cells via activation of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2003

Animals possess a highly sophisticated mechanism of storing energy in adipose tissue inside their bodies. However, in humans it has been clarified that adipocyte (fat cell), which composes the body fat (adipose) tissues, development and the extent of subsequent fat accumulation are closely associated with the occurrence and advancement of various common diseases (e.g., type-2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and hypertension) resulting from obesity. Recent exciting progress in clinical and biochemical studies of adipocytes has rapidly clarified the functions of adipocytes and adipose tissue. Interesting findings are the function of white adipocytes as "secreting cells" and the molecular mechanism undelying adipocyte differentiation at the transcriptional level in relation to nuclear receptors. Consequently, the adipose tissue is being targeted for the prevention or treatment of many common diseases. In this review, I will focus on recent information on characteristics of adipocytes and the relationship between obesity and common obesity-related diseases. diseases.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1425-1438
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• 2021

Maintaining a high level of beef consumption requires paying attention not only to quantitative traits but also to the quality and dietary properties of meat. Growing consumer demands do not leave producers many options for how animals are selected for breeding and animal keeping. Meat and carcass fatness quality traits, which are influenced by multiple genes, are economically important in beef cattle breeding programs. The recent availability of genome sequencing methods and many previously identified molecular markers offer new opportunities for animal breeding, including the use of molecular information in selection programs. Many gene polymorphisms have thus far been analyzed and evaluated as potential candidates for molecular markers of meat quality traits. Knowledge of these markers can be further applied to breeding programs through marker-assisted selection. In this literature review, we discuss the most promising and well-described candidates and their associations with selected beef production traits.