• 제목/요약/키워드: nutrient remediation

검색결과 16건 처리시간 0.022초

Effects of Plant and Soil Amendment on Remediation Performance and Methane Mitigation in Petroleum-Contaminated Soil

  • Seo, Yoonjoo;Cho, Kyung-Suk
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제31권1호
    • /
    • pp.104-114
    • /
    • 2021
  • Petroleum-contaminated soil is considered among the most important potential anthropogenic atmospheric methane sources. Additionally, various rhizoremediation factors can affect methane emissions by altering soil ecosystem carbon cycles. Nonetheless, greenhouse gas emissions from soil have not been given due importance as a potentially relevant parameter in rhizoremediation techniques. Therefore, in this study we sought to investigate the effects of different plant and soil amendments on both remediation efficiencies and methane emission characteristics in diesel-contaminated soil. An indoor pot experiment consisting of three plant treatments (control, maize, tall fescue) and two soil amendments (chemical nutrient, compost) was performed for 95 days. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal efficiency, dehydrogenase activity, and alkB (i.e., an alkane compound-degrading enzyme) gene abundance were the highest in the tall fescue and maize soil system amended with compost. Compost addition enhanced both the overall remediation efficiencies, as well as pmoA (i.e., a methane-oxidizing enzyme) gene abundance in soils. Moreover, the potential methane emission of diesel-contaminated soil was relatively low when maize was introduced to the soil system. After microbial community analysis, various TPH-degrading microorganisms (Nocardioides, Marinobacter, Immitisolibacter, Acinetobacter, Kocuria, Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, Alcanivorax) and methane-oxidizing microorganisms (Methylocapsa, Methylosarcina) were observed in the rhizosphere soil. The effects of major rhizoremediation factors on soil remediation efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions discussed herein are expected to contribute to the development of sustainable biological remediation technologies in response to global climate change.

유류오염지역 정화를 위한 토양경작법 설계 표준화방안 (A Case Study of Landfarming Design Procedures for Remediation of Oil-contaminated Site)

  • 조장환;박정구;박민규;정승우
    • 대한환경공학회지
    • /
    • 제36권9호
    • /
    • pp.659-666
    • /
    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 유류오염토양 정화를 위해 널리 사용되는 토양경작법의 표준 설계방안을 제안하고자 하였다. 표준설계방안은 토양특성 파악 및 오염부피 산정, 영양분 및 미생물 투입량 결정, 분해속도 실증실험을 통한 정화기간 산정 등으로 크게 구분하여 진행할 것을 제안한다. 그리고 그동안 설계자간 다양하게 사용되고 있는 오염토양 부피 산정절차, 오염토양 대표 초기농도결정 방법, C : N : P 영양염류 투입량 결정방법 등에 대한 표준화 방안을 제시하였다. 시범지역에 대한 토양특성 및 오염부피를 산정한 결과 유류오염지역의 토성은 사질 식양토와 사양토로 분류되었으며, 총질소 농도는 57.01 mg/kg, 총인은 83.40 mg/kg, 유류분해미생물은 $1.78{\times}10^4$ (CFU/g dry soil), 정화대상 토량은 $4,092m^3$으로 산정되었다. 시범적용지역의 모든 오염토양을 토양경작장(15 m(가로) ${\times}$ 40 m(세로)에서 1 m 높이로 적치하여 정화할 경우 약 9배치로 처리가 가능한 것으로 평가되었다. 오염토양 1배치의 처리기간은 35일이 소요될 것으로 판단되며, 대상 지역의 모든 오염토양은 토양경작법으로 처리하는 경우 총 315일이 소요될 것으로 예상된다. 오염토양의 정화를 위해 필요한 미생물제제의 양은 4,025 L이며, 요소비료는 총 4,642 kg가 소요될 것으로 판단된다.

디젤오염 지하수 정화를 위한 공기주입정화법 칼럼 실험 (Bio Sparging Column Experiment for Remediation of Diesel Contaminated Groundwater)

  • 장순웅;이시진;송정훈;권수열
    • 한국환경과학회지
    • /
    • 제13권12호
    • /
    • pp.1059-1065
    • /
    • 2004
  • Bio sparging experiments were conducted in a laboratory column to investigate the potential removal of diesel contaminated groundwater. The objectives in this study were (a) to determine the extent of diesel degradation in laboratory columns under supplement of nutrient; (b) to determine the effect of variation of air flow in the removal of diesel and (c) to evaluate the potential enhancement of diesel degradation as a function of temperature. Our results showed that the nutrient supplement and higher air flow greatly enhanced diesel degradation. However, the variation of water temperature examined slightly increased degradation rate of diesel fuel.

Nutrient dynamics study of overlying water affected by peroxide-treated sediment

  • Haque, Niamul;Kwon, Sung-Hyun
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
    • /
    • 제41권9호
    • /
    • pp.235-245
    • /
    • 2017
  • Background: Loading of excess nutrient via bioremediation of polluted sediment to overlying water could trigger anoxia and eutrophication in coastal area. The aim of this research was to understand the changes of overlying water features such as dissolved oxygen (DO); pH; oxidation reduction potential (ORP); $chlorophyll-{\alpha}$ ($Chl-{\alpha}$); and nitrogen nutrients ammonia ($N-NH_4{^+}$), nitrate ($N-NO_3{^-}$), and nitrite ($N-NO_2^-$) when the sediment was not treated (control) and treated by calcium peroxide for 5 weeks. Methods: The water samples were analyzed for measuring physical and chemical properties along with the sediment analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) for identifying the phylogenetic affiliation of microbial communities. Results: Results showed that due to the addition of calcium peroxide in sediment, the overlying water exposed the rise of dissolve oxygen, pH, and ORP than control. Among the nitrogen nutrients, ammonia inhibition was higher in calcium peroxide treatment than control but in case of nitrate inhibition, it was reversed than control. $Chlorophyll-{\alpha}$ was declined in treatment column water by 30% where it was 20% in control column water. Actibacter and Salegentibacter group were detectable in the calcium-peroxide-treated sediment; in contrary, no detectable community ware found in control sediment. Both phylogenetic groups are closely related to marine microflora. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of calcium peroxide as an oxygen release material. Interaction with peroxide proved to be enhancing the formation of microbial community that are beneficial for biodegradation and spontaneity of nutrient attenuation into overlying water.

Growth regime and environmental remediation of microalgae

  • Hammed, Ademola Monsur;Prajapati, Sanjeev Kumar;Simsek, Senay;Simsek, Halis
    • ALGAE
    • /
    • 제31권3호
    • /
    • pp.189-204
    • /
    • 2016
  • Microalgal bioremediation of CO2, nutrients, endocrine disruptors, hydrocarbons, pesticides, and cyanide compounds have evaluated comprehensively. Microalgal mitigation of nutrients originated from municipal wastewaters, surface waters, and livestock wastewaters has shown great applicability. Algal utilization on secondary and tertiary treatment processes might provide unique and elegant solution on the removing of substances originated from various sources. Microalgae have displayed 3 growth regimes (autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic) through which different organic and inorganic substances are being utilized for growth and production of different metabolites. There are still some technology challenges requiring innovative solutions. Strain selection investigation should be directed towards identification of algal that are extremophiles. Understanding and manipulation of metabolic pathways of algae will possible unfold solution to utilization of algae for mitigation of dissolve organic nitrogen in wastewaters.

대규모 유류오염부지에 적용된 토양경작법의 정화효율 평가 (Evaluation of the Large Scale Petroleum-Contaminated Site for the Remediation of Landfarming)

  • 주원하;최상일;김종민;김보경;김성규;박상헌
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
    • /
    • 제14권4호
    • /
    • pp.15-22
    • /
    • 2009
  • 대규모 유류오염 정화부지에 대해 수분 및 영양분 공급장치, 송풍장치, 바닥 차수 및 집수 장치등의 공학적 토양경작 시설을 적용하여 복원효율을 평가하였다. 복원초기 미생물의 생분해활성도 증가를 위해 영양제인 질소(N), 인(P) 등 주요영향인자들을 부지 환경에 맞도록 보정하여 주기적인 틸링 작업을 수행한 결과, 오염토양의 농도가 가장 높은 1,893 mg/kg일 때의 정화효율이 82%로 토양오염우려 "가" 지역 기준 500 mg/kg 이하인 348 mg/kg으로 감소하였다. 가장 원활하게 활동할 수 있는 온도 범위는 $28.9{\sim}35.6^{\circ}C$로 측정되었다. 또한 초기 농도가 서로 다른 오염토양의 TPH 농도가 법적기준 농도인 500 mg/kg 이하를 만족하는 38일 경과 후의 미생물 균수, 수분함량, 오염토양의 농도가 큰 변화 없이 일정하게 감소하였다.

토양세척 및 토양경작 정화 토양의 건강성 평가 (Soil Health Assessment of Soil Washing and Landfarming Treated Soils)

  • 이용민;성기준
    • 환경영향평가
    • /
    • 제32권2호
    • /
    • pp.112-122
    • /
    • 2023
  • 오염 토양의 생태적 기능을 회복하고 토양이 제공하는 생태적 서비스를 최대화하기 위해서는 오염물질에 의한 독성이나 위해성 외에도 토양생태계의 기능적인 측면인 생물서식처, 영양분 순환, 완충작용등과 같은 토양의 건강성을 고려하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 정화토양의 건강성을 정량적으로 평가하는 방법을 제시하고 세척처리 및 토양경작처리 토양에 적용하여 제안한 평가방법의 적용 가능성을 살펴보았다. 토양의 생산성, 서식처, 수분보유능, 물질순환능, 완충능, 탄소보유능 등으로 토양 건강성 평가항목을 선정하고, 평가지표로 식물 성장, 지렁이 성장, 수분보유능, 미생물활성도, 양이온교환용량, 유기물함량 등을 활용하였다. 본 연구결과 오염물질 정화 후에도 토양 건강성이 온전히 회복되지 않는 것으로 나타났는데, 오히려 세척 토양의 경우와 같이 정화 전보다 건강성이 떨어지는 경우도 발생하였다. 반면에 유류 오염으로 인한 토양질의 변화는 크게 없는 반면, 토양건강성은 나빠지는 것으로 나타났으며, 경작처리 후 다소 개선된 토양질과는 달리, 토양 건강성은 여전히 회복하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구 결과 오염과 정화과정 중에 토양의 정화 효과를 평가할 경우에는 토양질과 토양건강성을 함께 고려하는 것이 바람직함을 보여 주었다. 정화 토양의 지속 가능한 이용 및 생태계 서비스 증진을 위해 본 연구에서 제시된 정화 토양의 건강성 평가 방법이 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Nitrogen allocation of Gracilaria tikvahiae grown in urbanized estuaries of Long Island Sound and New York City, USA: a preliminary evaluation of ocean farmed Gracilaria for alternative fish feeds

  • Johnson, Ronald B.;Kim, Jang K.;Armbruster, Lisa C.;Yarish, Charles
    • ALGAE
    • /
    • 제29권3호
    • /
    • pp.227-235
    • /
    • 2014
  • The red seaweed, Gracilaria tikvahiae McLachlan, was cultivated in open water farms in urbanized estuaries of Long Island Sound (26-30 psu of salinity) and New York City (20-25 psu), USA in 2011. Plants were harvested monthly from summer (August, $24^{\circ}C$) to fall (November, $13^{\circ}C$) and analyzed for total nitrogen, protein, and amino acid content. On a dry matter (DM) basis, nitrogen and protein significantly increased over the harvest period until October and then plateaued. Nitrogen increased from $22{\pm}1g\;kg^{-1}$ DM in August to $39{\pm}3g\;kg^{-1}$ DM in October (p < 0.001). Protein increased from $107{\pm}13g\;kg^{-1}$ DM in August to $196{\pm}5g\;kg^{-1}$ DM in November (p < 0.001). With two exceptions, amino acid concentrations expressed on a crude protein (CP) basis were similar over the harvest period. Essential amino acids accounted for $48{\pm}1%$ of all amino acids present with lysine and methionine averaging $56{\pm}2g\;kg^{-1}$ CP and $18{\pm}1g\;kg^{-1}$ CP, respectively. Histidine was underrepresented among essential amino acids and averaged $13{\pm}1g\;kg^{-1}$ CP. Taurine ranged from 2.1 to $3.2g\;kg^{-1}$ DM. With its moderate levels of lysine, methionine and taurine, ocean farmed G. tikvahiae has the potential of overcoming many nutrient deficiencies currently associated with terrestrial plant ingredients in alternative feeds for fish and shrimp.

마산만 가포지역 인공갯벌의 유기물 및 영양염 수지 (Organic Matter and Nutrient Budget of Constructed Tidal Flat in Gapo Area of the Masan Bay, Korea)

  • 안순모;백봉주
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
    • /
    • 제8권4호
    • /
    • pp.411-419
    • /
    • 2003
  • 마산만에 연한 가포지역은 1990년에서 1994년 사이에 이루어진 마산만 준설공사 시 오염퇴적물이 투기된 지역으로서, 인공갯벌 조성에 따른 자연정화능력과 저서생태계의 반응을 살필 수 있는 이상적인 연구 장소이다. 이곳의 유기물과 영양염의 유동량을 추정하기 위하여, 2001년 말부터 2002년 초까지 4차례에 걸쳐서 1-조석 주기 동안 l시간 간격으로 해수를 채취하였다. 3차원 해저지형도에서 시각별 해수 유동량을 추정하고 각 물질의 농도를 측정하여, 각 시간동안 물질의 유입과 유출을 구하였다. 1-조석주기 동안 총유입량과 총유출량을 비교하여, 순유입, 유출을 추정하였다. 유기물의 양을 대표하는 화학적산소요구량은 2001년 10월과 12월 그리고 2002년 4월에 2.2∼3.9 g m$^{-2}$ h$^{-1}$로 순 유출 되었고 2002년 3월에만 1.4 g m$^{-2}$ h$^{-1}$의 순유입이 있었다. 암모니움 이온은 모든 계절에서 0.1∼118 mg m$^{-2}$ h$^{-1}$의 순유출을 나타냈다. 본 조사 기간 중 가포지역의 인공갯벌은 유기물이 분해 되기보다는 생성되는 곳이었다. 그러나 유동량은 조사 시기별로 큰 차이를 보여, 가포지역이 유기물 분해에 기여하는 정도를 알기 위해서는 장기간의 조사가 필요하다.

싱가포르 오염준설토 정화 후 생태 독성 변화 (Changes in the Ecological Toxic Effects of the Contaminated Sediment of Singapore after Treatment)

  • 조은혜;윤성호;황선경;이성종;김홍석;채희훈
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
    • /
    • 제22권5호
    • /
    • pp.82-88
    • /
    • 2017
  • Contaminated sediment can be treated in order to reuse the treated sediment. Even though the chemical criteria are satisfied, the treated sediment could still impose toxic effects. Therefore, this study investigated the changes in the ecological toxic effects of the contaminated sediment from the J region in Singapore after treatment. The contaminated sediment was subject to sequential soil washing and thermal treatment, followed by pH neutralization. Toxic effects of the contaminated and treated sediments were determined by using Vibrio fischeri ($Microtox^{(R)}$), Triticum aestivum (wheat), and Eisenia foetida (earthworm). After treatment, the concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals were decreased by 98% and 59-93%, respectively, and satisfied the Industrial Maximum Values of the Dutch Standard, which were used as the remedial goal. The bioluminescence reduction of V. fischeri decreased significantly, and the earthworm survival increased from 0% to 90% after treatment. The germination rate increased from $0{\pm}0%$ to $75{\pm}13%$ after treatment, but the treated sediment may need additional treatment such as nutrient addition for better plant growth. Overall, this study showed that the treatment of the contaminated sediment satisfactorily removed mixed contaminants, and this led to reduction in toxic effects, suggesting improved potentials for reuse of the treated sediment.