• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.459-468
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• 2018

In this paper, the effect of non-persistent joints was determined on the behavior of concrete specimens subjected to biaxial loading through numerical modeling using particle flow code in two dimensions (PFC2D). Firstly, a numerical model was calibrated by uniaxial, Brazilian and triaxial experimental results to ensure the conformity of the simulated numerical model's response. Secondly, sixteen rectangular models with dimension of 100 mm by 100 mm were developed. Each model contains two non-persistent joints with lengths of 40 mm and 20 mm, respectively. The angularity of the larger joint changes from $30^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$. In each configuration, the small joint angularity changes from $0^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$ in $30^{\circ}$ increments. All of the models were under confining stress of 1 MPa. By using of the biaxial test configuration, the failure process was visually observed. Discrete element simulations demonstrated that macro shear fractures in models are because of microscopic tensile breakage of a large number of bonded discs. The failure pattern in Rock Bridge is mostly affected by joint overlapping whereas the biaxial strength is closely related to the failure pattern.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2001

2차 이상의 정확도를 가지며 불연속면에서 수치진동이 발생하지 않는 수치모형의 개발을 위해 풍상차분기법에 기초한 TVD기법이 소개되었다. 이 수치모형을 불연속면 이 존재하는 경우와 존재하지 않는 경우에 대해 적용하였으며, 이 결과 1차 정확도의 풍상차분기법은 시간이 지나면서 수치점성의 영향이 커졌으며 2차 정확도의 Lax-Wendroff기법의 경우에는 불연속면에서 진동이 발생하였다. 그러나 TVD기법은 모든 경우에서 만족스러운 결과를 예측하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.431-440
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• 2023

The functionally graded (FG) porous plates are usually characterized by the non-symmetric elastic modulus distribution through the thickness so that the plate neutral surface does not coincide with the mid-surface. Nevertheless, the conventional analysis models were mostly based on the plate mid-surface so that the accuracy of resulting numerical results is questionable. In this context, this paper presents the neutral surface-based static and free vibration analysis of FG porous plates and investigates the differences between the mid- and neutral surface-based analysis models. The neutral surface-based numerical method is formulated using the (3,3,2) hierarchical model and approximated by the last introduced natural element method (NEM). The volume fractions of metal and ceramic are expressed by the power-law function and the cosine-type porosity distributions are considered. The proposed numerical method is demonstrated through the benchmark experiment, and the differences between two analysis models are parametrically investigated with respect to the thickness-wise material and porosity distributions. It is found from the numerical results that the difference cannot be negligible when the material and porosity distributions are remarkably biased in the thickness direction.

• 지질공학
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.369-376
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• 2015

최근 국내에서 터널 내 지하수 유출량 산정을 위해 MODFLOW와 같은 지하수 수치모델이 많이 이용되고 있다. 수치 모델의 경우 격자망 설계가 터널 유출량 산정 결과에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 모델 설계 시 명확한 기준없이 연구자에 따라 임의의 크기로 격자망이 설정되어 왔다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 해석해와 수치해를 비교하는 방법을 통하여 격자의 크기가 수치모델의 유출량 산정 오차에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 최적의 격자망 설정 방법을 제시하였다. 해석해와 수치해의 불일치는 부적절한 격자망 설정뿐만 아니라 모델 영역의 경계 효과에 의해서도 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 수치모델의 경계 효과 성분을 제거한 후 격자의 크기가 터널 유출량 산정 오차에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 결론적으로 정확한 유출량 산정 결과를 나타내는 터널 크기와 격자 크기의 관계식을 도출하였다. 도출된 관계식은 유한차분 수치모델에서 등가우물격자반경과 격자 크기와의 관계식과 동일한 것으로 나타났다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.203-220
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• 2010

In the present study, exterior beam-column sub-assemblage from a regular reinforced concrete (RC) building has been considered. Two different types of beam-column sub-assemblages from existing RC building have been considered, i.e., gravity load designed ('GLD'), and seismically designed but without any ductile detailing ('NonDuctile'). Hence, both the cases represent the under-designed structure at different time frame span before the introduction of ductile detailing. For designing 'NonDuctile' structure, Eurocode and Indian Standard were considered. Non-linear finite element (FE) program has been employed for analysing the sub-assemblages under cyclic loading. FE models were developed using quadratic concrete brick elements with embedded truss elements to represent reinforcements. It has been found that the results obtained from the numerical analysis are well corroborated with that of experimental results. Using the validated numerical models, it was proposed to correlate the energy dissipation from numerical analysis to that from experimental analysis. Numerical models would be helpful in practice to evaluate the seismic performance of the critical sub-assemblages prior to design decisions. Further, using the numerical studies, performance of the sub-assemblages with variation of axial load ratios (ratio is defined by applied axial load divided by axial strength) has been studied since many researchers have brought out inconsistent observations on role of axial load in changing strength and energy dissipation under cyclic load.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.95-109
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• 2018

The relevance of turbulent mixing in estuarine numerical models for stratified two-layer shallow water flows is analysed in this paper. A one-dimensional numerical model was developed for this purpose by extending an immiscible two-layer model with an additional source term, which accounts for turbulent mixing effects, namely the entrainment of fluid from the lower to the upper layer. The entrainment rate is quantified by an empirical equation as a function of the bulk Richardson number. A finite volume method based on an approximated Roe solver was used to solve the governing coupled system of partial differential equations. A comparison of numerical results with and without entrainment is presented to illustrate the influence of entrainment on both the salt-water intrusion length and lower layer dynamics. Furthermore, one example is given to demonstrate how entrainment terms may help to stabilize the numerical scheme and prevent a possible loss of hyperbolicity. Finally, the model with entrainment is validated by comparing the numerical results to field measurements.

• 대기
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2004

Progresses in numerical prediction of weather and climate have been in parallel with those of computing resources, especially the development of supercomputers. Advanced techniques in numerical modeling, computational schemes, and data assimilation cloud not have been practically achieved without the aid of supercomputers. With such techniques and computing powers, the accuracy of numerical forecasts has been tremendously improved. Supercomputers are also indispensible in constructing and executing the synthetic Earth system models. In this study, a brief overview on numerical weather / climate prediction, Earth system modeling, and the values of supercomputing is provided.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제36권
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• pp.23-31
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• 2016

This paper presents EMQ models in which some proportion of defective items are produced and some of them are converted to good items through rework process and items not converted are disposed. Numerical models are developed for three cases of disposal and optimal solution of each model is derived. In the first model, if a defective item is found during the production process, only re-workable items are stored and reworked after normal production is finished. Not re-workable items are disposed immediately during normal production. The second model deals with the case where all defective items are stored and items to be disposed are determined in rework process. In the third model, an additional inspection process exists before rework to determine rework or disposal. Numerical examples are presented to validate the proposed models.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.161-174
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• 2002

A new technique for numerical calculation of viscoelastic flow based on the combination of Neural Net-works (NN) and Brownian Dynamics simulation or Stochastic Simulation Technique (SST) is presented in this paper. This method uses a "universal approximator" based on neural network methodology in combination with the kinetic theory of polymeric liquid in which the stress is computed from the molecular configuration rather than from closed form constitutive equations. Thus the new method obviates not only the need for a rheological constitutive equation to describe the fluid (as in the original Calculation Of Non-Newtonian Flows: Finite Elements St Stochastic Simulation Techniques (CONNFFESSIT) idea) but also any kind of finite element-type discretisation of the domain and its boundary for numerical solution of the governing PDE's. As an illustration of the method, the time development of the planar Couette flow is studied for two molecular kinetic models with finite extensibility, namely the Finitely Extensible Nonlinear Elastic (FENE) and FENE-Peterlin (FENE-P) models.P) models.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.433-442
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• 2004

Various models and various boundary conditions have been suggested for fluid transport simulations of high density plasma discharges such as the inductively coupled plasma discharge. In this work, we compare the various models using one-dimensional simulations based on the FDM(finite difference method), the upwind scheme, the power-law scheme, and the dielectric relaxation scheme［l］ Comparing the exactness, the numerical stability and the efficiency of the various models. the most adoptable model is suggested.