• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.51 no.10
• /
• pp.118-127
• /
• 2014

DNA data storage refers to any technique for storing massive digital data in base sequence of DNA and has been recognized as the future storage medium recently. This paper presents an information hiding method for DNA data storage that the massive data is hidden in non-coding strand based on DNA steganography. Our method maps the encrypted data to the data base sequence using the numerical mapping table and then hides it in the non-coding strand using the key that consists of the seed and sector length. Therefore, our method can preserve the protein, extract the hidden data without the knowledge of host DNA sequence, and detect the position of mutation error. Experimental results verify that our method has more high data capacity than conventional methods and also detects the positions of mutation errors by the parity bases.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2015

Objectives This study was designed to compare the effects Gwibi-tang herbal-medication with Danggwisusan herbal-medication for patients with acute cervical and lumbar sprains due to a traffic accident. Methods This study was carried out on 119 acute cervical & lumbar sprain patients by traffic accident. We divided these patients into 2 groups. Group A was treated with Gwibi-tang and Group B was treated with Danggwisusan three times a day for three days. Each patient was treated with acupuncture, physical therapy and two types of herbal-medication. We measured the numerical rating scale (NRS) at two time points : pre-treatment (Tx). and post-Tx. Results 1. The NRS scores significantly decreased after treatment in all patients. 2. The changed NRS scores of nuchal pain showed a borderline significant difference between Group A and Group B (p=0.067). 3. In sub-group analysis, Gwibi-tang showed a greater effect on NRS scores of lumbago pain in female patients (p=0.068) and patients under 30s (p=0.054) compared to Danggwisusan. Conclusions In this study, both types of herbal-medication; Gwibi-tang and Danggwisusan were highly effective on acute cervical and lumbar sprain patients. Especially Gwibi-tang (Group A) was more effective than Danggwisusan (Group B) in reducing the initial nuchal pain. Also Gwibi-tang was more effective for lumbago pain in female and patients under 30s.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2015

Monte-Carlo radiative models of the diffuse Galactic light (DGL) in our Galaxy are calculated using the dust radiative transfer code MoCafe, which is three-dimensional and takes full account of multiple scattering. The code is recently updated to use a fast voxel traversal algorithm, which has dramatically increased the computing speed. The radiative transfer models are calculated with the generally accepted dust scale-height of 0.1 kpc. The stellar scale-heights are assumed to be 0.1 or 0.35 kpc, appropriate for far-ultraviolet (FUV) and optical wavelengths, respectively. The face-on optical depth, measured perpendicular to the Galactic plane, is also varied from 0.2 to 0.6, suitable to the optical to FUV wavelengths, respectively. We find that the DGL at high Galactic latitudes is mostly due to backward or large-angle scattering of starlight originating from the local stars within a radial distance of r < 0.5 kpc from the Earth. On the other hand, the DGL measured in the Galactic plane is mostly due to stars at a distance range that corresponds to an optical depth of $${\sim_\sim}$$ 1 measured from the Earth. Therefore, the low-latitude DGL at the FUV wavelength band would be mostly caused by the stars located at a distance of $r{\leq}0.5$ kpc and the optical DGL near the Galactic plane mainly originates from stars within a distance range of $1{\leq}r{\leq}2kpc$. We also calculate the radiative transfer models in a clumpy two-phase medium. The clumpy two-phase models provide lower intensities at high Galactic latitudes compared to the uniform density models, because of the lower effective optical depth in clumpy media. However, no significant difference in the intensity at the Galactic plane is found.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.233-240
• /
• 2017

The flowfield around transonic wing-body configuration was simulated using in-house CFD code and compared with the experimental data to understand the influence of several features of CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) ; grid dependency, turbulence models, spatial discretization, and viscosity. The wing-body configuration consists of a simple planform RAE Wing 'A' with an RAE 101 airfoil section and an axisymmetric body. The in-house CFD code is a compressible Euler/Navier-Stokes solver based on unstructured grid. For the turbulence model, the $k-{\omega}$ model, the Spalart-Allmaras model, and the $k-{\omega}$ SST model were applied. For the spatial discretization method, the central differencing scheme with Jameson's artificial viscosity and Roe's upwind differencing scheme were applied. The results calculated were generally in good agreement with experimental data. However, it was shown that the pressure distribution and shock-wave position were slightly affected by the turbulence models and the spatial discretization methods. It was known that the turbulent viscous effect should be considered in order to predict the accurate shock wave position.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 1989

In the design of reinforced concrete framed structures, which consist of various design variables, the objective and the constraint functions are formulated in complicated forms. Usually iterative methods have been used to optimize the design variables. In this paper, multilevel formulation is adopted, and design variables are selected in reduced numbers at each level, to reduce the iterative cycle and to accelerate the convergence rate. At level 1, elastic analysis is performed to get the upper and lower bounds of the redistributed design moments due to inelastic behavior of the frame. Then the design moments are taken as design variables and optimized at level 2, and the sizing variables are optimized at level 3. The optimization of redistributed moments is performed using the design sensitivity obtained at the level 2, and force approximation technique is used to reflect the variation of design variables in the lower level to the upper level. The design variables are selected in reduced numbers at each level, and the optimization formulation is simplified effectively. A cost function is taken as the objective function, and the constraints of the stress of the structures are derived from BSI CP 110 following limit state theory. Numerical examples are included to prove the effectiveness of the developed algorithm.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.31 no.3A
• /
• pp.181-187
• /
• 2011

This paper deals with free vibrations of the Timoshenko beam supported by two elastomeric bearings at two far ends. The ordinary differential equation governing free vibrations of such beam is derived, in which both effects of rotatory inertia and shear deformation are included as the Timoshenko beam theory. Also, boundary conditions of the free end are derived based on the Timoshenko beam theory. The ordinary differential equation is solved by the numerical methods for calculating natural frequencies and mode shapes. Both effects of the rotatory inertia and shear deformation on natural frequencies are extensively discussed. Also, relationships between natural frequencies and slenderness ratio, foundation modulus and bearing length are presented. Typical mode shapes of bending moment and shear force as well as deflection are given in figures which show the positions of maximum amplitudes and nodal points.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.20 no.9
• /
• pp.2944-2952
• /
• 1996

In this paper the CSCM type upwind flux difference splitting Navier-Stokes method has been applied to study the ARL-SL19 transoni $c^ersonic compressor cascade flow. First, the general characteristics of baseline cascade flow were analyzed. At freestream Mach n.1.612 and exit/inlet pressure ratio 2.15, the results from current laminar flow were compared well in suction surface with the experiment; however, not well in pressure surface. Second, numerical study of the transoni $c^ersonic compressor cascade flow demonstrated the effectiveness of a passive control by the various size cavities. A cavity under the shock foot point at the suction surface of the blades was used as a passive control. The passive control of shock-boundary layer interaction by a cavity reduced total pressure losses. The effect of cavity length and depth was studied. The total pressure loss was reduced by about 10% and the isentropic efficiency was improved slightly. The effect of cavity depth in current study(d/l = 0.05, 0.02) was not found strong. Further adequate turbulence modeling and TVD schemes would help to capture the shock more accurately and increase the effectiveness of the current shock-boundary layer interaction study using upwind flux difference splitting computational methods.thods.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.9
• /
• pp.1075-1080
• /
• 2014

This study aims at dedicating to relevant technology fields by suggesting design methods of structures and estimating their safety in relation to substructure for offshore wind power requiring high safety to various environment conditions. Especially, with respect to 5MW Offshore Wind Power System, this study will provide information about major wind directions and duration in combination with the developing wave climate at the test field. Therefore, connections between wind fields and approaching wave trains will be estimated and their intensity, direction and time shift will be pointed out. Furthermore, the local pressure distribution of breaking waves will be investigated by physical and numerical modeling. The currently applied structural and fatigue assessment of support structures for offshore wind energy converters is based on common design rules. Normally, constructions in structural engineering are treated as limited, single structures. This means that varying aspects of manufacturing are considered by high safety factors.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.31 no.6 s.261
• /
• pp.574-580
• /
• 2007

The objective of this article is to present an analysis of all heat transfer paths through the energy nose under closed door conditions when refrigeration system of household refrigerator-freezer is operating on. Both experimental and numerical methods are suggested as a means of determining the overall energy nose load amount as well as the load due to each pathway such as mullion section and F and R sides of the household refrigerator-freezer. In other words, all loads determined in this article are just energy nose and not the loads seen by the refrigeration system. We suggest good ideas for improving the heat transfer losses such as conduction and convection through the energy nose. As we can be known from the experimental test results, it is effective to prevent the heat loss of a mullion section. And energy efficiency is also decreased approximately 6% compared to that of a baseline sample test result. As we can be known from the Ansys 8.1 analysis, it is shown the steady state temperature distribution in figures from 6 to 8. And the direction of the heat flow through the energy nose section is also easily seen from that In conclusion, the article is focused on an energy nose section in household refrigerator-freezer for practical proposes which is the energy saving in a household refrigerator-freezer. And the method suggested may be applied to any make or model to aid in the search for high efficient energy nose section of household side by side refrigerator-freezer as well as top mounted refrigerator-freezer, commercial refrigerator and so on.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.11 no.9
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2011

A fuzzy inference technique for real-time textile animation without integration at textile model based Mass-Spring model is introduced. Until now many techniques have used the Mass-Spring model to describe elastically deformable objects like textile. A textile object is able to represent as a deformable surface composed of spring and masses, the movement of textile surface which is analysed through the numerical integration by the fundamental law of dynamics such as Hooke's law. However, the integration methods have 'instability problems' if the explicit Euler's method is applied or 'large amounts of calculation' if the implicit Euler's method is applied. A simple and fast animation technique for Mass-Spring model of a textile with fuzzy inference is proposed. The stabilized simulation result is obtained the state of each mass-point in real-time for the n of mass-points by a relatively simple calculation.