• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.267-279
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to examine the number concept of middle school student at grade 9. The research problems of this study are "Can the students classify the various number correctly\ulcorner", "How do the students understand the proposition related to the number concept\ulcorner", and "How do the students know the definition of rational number, irrational number, and real number\ulcorner". In order to examine these problems, we analyze the students' responses about the questions related to the number concept. The result of this examination is that the number concept of students is very insufficient and lacking.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1997

This study was done to analyze the health behavior of 5.166 elementary students from a urban city. They were students in grades 4. 5 and 6 attending five elementary schools which were selected from a city close to the capital city of Seoul. Health behaviors were measured using a questionnaire which was developed by WHO and was used by European countries. The data was managed and analysed using DBASE and SAS computer programs. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Eating behavior $\cdot$ Having Breakfast : Male students who were older had a higher number reporting having no breakfast(p< .05) $\cdot$ Taking Supplements : Older students had a higher number reporting taking nutrition supplements(p<.05) $\cdot$ Drinking milk: Female students had a lower number reporting drinking milk (p<.05). $\cdot$ Taking snacks : Female students who were older had a higher number reporting taking snacks(p< .05). $\cdot$ Drinking boiled water Male students had a lower number reporting drinking boiled water(p<.05). 2. Using seat belt Female students who were older had a lower number reporting using seat belt(p<.05). 3. Smoking : Male students who were younger had a higher number reporting experience with smoking(p <.05). 4. Personal hygiene $\cdot$ Washing hands before meals : Male students who were younger had a lower number reporting washing hands before meals(p<.05). $\cdot$ Brushing teeth: Male students had a lower number reporting brushing teeth(p<.05). 5. Reading distance : Younger students had a higher number reporting near reading distance(p<.05). 6. Exercise: Female students who were younger reported less exercise(p<.05). 7. Sewage Managing : Male students had a lower number reporting separating of garbage according to recyclability(p<.05).

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2015

수학교육에서 학생들의 수감각 발달을 강조하고 있지만 이에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이며 초등학생에 국한된 경우가 많다. 이에 본 연구는 초등학생과 중학생을 대상으로 수감각 문제를 해결하는 방법을 분석함으로써, 수감각 지도방향에 대한 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 문제를 해결하는 방법으로 수감각을 활용하는 방법과 알고리즘을 활용하는 방법으로 분류하고, 검사지를 이용하여 학생들의 반응을 분석하였다. 그 결과 중학생들이 초등학생들에 비해 수감각 검사 점수가 높았으며, 문제해결 방법 중 수감각을 활용하는 비율도 높았다. 또한 성취도가 높은 학생들은 수감각과 알고리즘을 모두 활용하였으나 성취도가 낮은 학생들은 알고리즘을 활용하여 문제를 해결하려고 하는 경향이 강했다. 그리고 성취도가 높은 학생들은 초등학생에 비해 중학생이 상대적으로 수감각을 더 많이 활용하였으나, 성취도가 낮은 학생들끼리는 차이가 없었다. 마지막으로 수감각 구성 요소별로 수감각을 활용하는 비율에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.423-444
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• 2005

초등 수학교육에서 수감각을 적절히 활용하는 것이 매우 중요함에도 불구하고 이에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 초등학교 6학년 학생들을 대상으로 기본적인 계산 능력과 수감각 수행 능력을 분석하였다. 특히, 수감각 연구에 초점을 두어, 수감각의 주요 구성요소별로 다양한 문제 상황에서 자연스럽게 수감각을 활용하는지, 어떤 수감각을 활용하는 지 등을 면밀하게 분석하였고, 이를 토대로 수감각 개발에 관한 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.45-61
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• 2023

Number talks as a brief instructional routine benefits students and teachers. In general, the routines consist of four steps- introducing, posing questions, collecting answers, sharing ideas. This paper focuses on the sharing ideas step in which multiple strategies are shared by students because teachers sometimes do not know what to do with these multiple ideas. One way is to support students to engage in comparison given that teachers are expected to support students to compare strategies in number talks. This paper explores whether and how 15 prospective teachers supported students in their practicum classroom to compare different strategies in their enacted number talk. In this paper, 15 videos of number talks enacted by the prospective teachers were collected. Analyzing the videos produced multiple episodes in relation to comparing strategies, including 1) where prospective teachers created pre-conditions for comparison, 2) where they invited students for comparison, 3) where they pressed students to compare, and 4) where they offered their own way to compare. There were two patterns that might limit the potential of having multiple strategies as conditions for comparison. Additionally, this paper found that even though the prospective teachers missed opportunities to support students to compare different strategies, there were two ways for teachers to support students to engage in comparison. These findings can be used for mathematics teacher educators to support prospective teachers.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2016

본 연구는 학생 중심의 학교 신설요구 민원을 해결하기 학생유발계수와 같은 단기지표에 의하지 않고, 학교중심의 장기적(30년) 관점에서 학교를 안정적으로 운영하기 위한 지역내 신설학교 뿐만 아닌 기설학교 모두를 대상으로 하는 학교수용계획 수립의 필요성이 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 청주시 전체 초등학교의 학교별 30년간의 재학생수 변화 추세를 조사 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학생수 증감 추세 예측모형을 7가지로 분류하고 그 유형별 사례를 제시하였다. 둘째, 청주시를 지리적 특성과 개발지역 특성을 고려하여 10곳으로 구분하여 학생수 증감추세를 단계별로 구분하여 조사한 결과 전체 55개 초등학교중 개교한지 얼마 되지 않은 상승기 학교가 4개교, 하락초기에 접어든 학교가 15개교, 하락중기에 접어든 학교가 26개교, 하락말기에 접어든 학교가 10개교로 이에 대한 대책수립이 긴급히 필요한 상황이다. 셋째, 분석결과 최근에 신설한 학교일수록 재학생수 최고점이 점점 낮아지는 경향을 알 수 있으며, 점점 낮아져 개교시부터 학생수가 횡보 또는 하락하는 학교들이 발생하고 있다는 사실이다. 이 경우 이지역내 추가적인 신설 수요가 없음을 나타내는 것을 알 수 있다. 넷째, 학생수 증감추세 예측모형 분석 결과 학생수 감소에도 불구하고 과도한 학교신설 요구로 인한 사회적 갈등요인이 되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중소도시인 청주시 초등학교 학생수의 증감추세를 분석을 통하여 학교신설의 필요성과 신설규모에 대한 중장기 학교수용계획정책의 기초자료를 제공하고자 하는데 있다. 그러나 중소도시 1곳을 대상으로 하였기 때문에 이를 일반화하는데 한계가 있어, 전국을 대상으로 하는 후속연구가 필요하다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.213-232
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• 2022

분수 학습에서 수직선 모델의 중요성에 따라, 본 연구에서는 초등학교 4학년 학생들의 수직선에서의 분수 개념 및 분수의 덧셈과 뺄셈에 대한 이해가 어느 정도인지 살펴보았다. 수직선 검사 도구는 분수 나타내기, 분수의 크기 비교, 분수의 덧셈 및 뺄셈과 관련된 문항으로 구성되었으며 구조화된 수직선과 반구조화된 수직선을 제시하였다. 연구 결과, 전반적으로 정답률이 높지 않았으며, 정답보다 오답의 반응이 높게 드러난 문항들도 있었다. 또한 구조화된 수직선에 비하여 반구조화된 수직선이 제시되는 문항에서의 정답률이 낮게 드러났으며, 다양한 오답 반응을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 초등학생들의 분수 이해 및 수직선 이해를 위한 교수·학습 방향에 관한 시사점을 논의하였다.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 학술발표 논문집
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• pp.279-284
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• 1995

In CAI, it is very important to evaluate the grade of understanding which students reach about the scope of problem which students are studying. In this paper, to find out students' learning achievement, we make students reply to test which the system presents and then lead evaluation result using fuzzy number about answer result. Besides, we define the degree of prior knowledge of studentsd as conditioned fuzzy number and use existing fuzzy accuracy production function begore the stage of using fuzzy number, Next, we apply conditioned fuzzy number to accuracy degree of answer produces by this function. Through this, we come to the conclusion that evaluation result as to the same answer result is changed according to the degree of prior knowledge about the scope which students are studying.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2004

One of the best way to prevent dental caries and periodontal disease is removing dental plaque. Toothbrushing is also one of the crucial ways to gel rid of dental plaque and improve dental hygiene. The purpose of th is study was to examine how many bacteria were attached to toothbrushes used by dental palque acidogenecity and related behaviors to toothbrush use. Subjects in this study were 30 college students in their twenties, on whom a survey was conducted to find out how they cleansed their toothbrushes, how long they cleaned toothbrushes after brushing, and how to keep them. And then dental palque acidogenecity by caries activity test was implemented and the number of bacteria attached to their toothbrushes was tested. The findings of the study were as follows : 1. Concerning correlations between dental palque acidogenecity and the number of remaining bacteria in the toothbrushes used by students, the number of bacteria was lower in the group of students with no caries activity than in the group with mild caries activity. 2. As for relations between the way of cleansing toothbrushes and the number of bacteria, there was no statistically significant gap between the group of students who wetted their toothbrushes with water and rubbed the heads of them and the group of students who just only wetted their toothbrushes with no further actions. 3. Regarding the relationship of toothbrush cleansing time to the number of bacteria, the number of bacteria was lower in the group of students who cleansed their toothbrushes for 15 seconds or more. 4. As to the influence of the number of toothbrush used by students, there was no significant difference between the group using just one toothbrush and the other group using two or more toothbrushes. 5. As for correlations between the way of keeping toothbrushes and the number of bacteria, no significant gap existed between the group thai kept their toothbrushes separately and the other that didn't.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.587-602
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• 2005

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate how number sense performance of sixth graders was and what every character of five components of number sense possessed by sixth graders was. For the this purpose, Two kinds of studies were conducted : a descriptive study by pencil-and-paper tests(Basic Test, Number Sense Test) and a clinical study by interviews. The conclusions drawn from the results obtained in the this study were as follows : First, students were highly scored in Basic Test but not highly scored equally in Number Sense Test. Second, students hardly used the benchmarks and lacked consideration of the reasonableness about computation results. Interview results were that students' notion about the meaning, and the greater - than and less - than relations for fractions was weak and students tended to not use number sense but apply standard algorithm and compute numbers in the question without thinking.