• Title/Summary/Keyword: nuclear material

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Microbiological Features and Bioactivity of a Fermented Manure Product (Preparation 500) Used in Biodynamic Agriculture

  • Giannattasio, Matteo;Vendramin, Elena;Fornasier, Flavio;Alberghini, Sara;Zanardo, Marina;Stellin, Fabio;Concheri, Giuseppe;Stevanato, Piergiorgio;Ertani, Andrea;Nardi, Serenella;Rizzi, Valeria;Piffanelli, Pietro;Spaccini, Riccardo;Mazzei, Pierluigi;Piccolo, Alessandro;Squartini, Andrea
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.644-651
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    • 2013
  • The fermented manure derivative known as Preparation 500 is traditionally used as a field spray in biodynamic agriculture for maintaining and increasing soil fertility. This work aimed at characterizing the product from a microbiological standpoint and at assaying its bioactive properties. The approach involved molecular taxonomical characterization of the culturable microbial community; ARISA fingerprints of the total bacteria and fungal communities; chemical elemental macronutrient analysis via a combustion analyzer; activity assays for six key enzymes; bioassays for bacterial quorum sensing and chitolipooligosaccharide production; and plant hormone-like activity. The material was found to harbor a bacterial community of $2.38{\times}10^8$ CFU/g dw dominated by Gram-positives with minor instances of Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. ARISA showed a coherence of bacterial assemblages in different preparation lots of the same year in spite of geographic origin. Enzymatic activities showed elevated values of ${\beta}$-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, chitinase, and esterase. The preparation had no quorum sensing-detectable signal, and no rhizobial nod gene-inducing properties, but displayed a strong auxin-like effect on plants. Enzymatic analyses indicated a bioactive potential in the fertility and nutrient cycling contexts. The IAA activity and microbial degradation products qualify for a possible activity as soil biostimulants. Quantitative details and possible modes of action are discussed.

A Study on the Conceptual Development for a Deep Geological Disposal of the Radioactive Waste from Pyro-processing (파이로공정 발생 방사성폐기물 심지층 처분을 위한 개념설정 연구)

  • Lee, Jong-Youl;Lee, Min-Soo;Choi, Heui-Joo;Bae, Dae-Seok;Kim, Kyeong-Soo
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.219-228
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    • 2012
  • A long-term R&D program for HLW disposal technology development was launched in 1997 in Korea and Korea Reference disposal System(KRS) for spent fuels had been developed. After then, a recycling process for PWR spent fuels to get the reusable material such as uranium or TRU and to reduce the volume of radioactive waste, called Pyro-process, is being developed. This Pyro-process produces several kinds of wastes including metal waste and ceramic waste. In this study, the characteristics of the waste from Pyro-process and the concepts of a disposal container for the wastes were described. Based on these concepts, thermal analyses were carried out to determine a layout of the disposal area of the ceramic wastes which was classified as a high level waste and to develop the disposal system called A-KRS. The location of the final repository for A-KRS is not determined yet, thus to review the potential repository domains, the possible layout in the geological characteristics of KURT facility site was proposed. These results will be used in developing a repository system design and in performing the safety assessment.

A Study of Frangibility of 9MM Bullet Related to Material Composition and Sinter Condition (합금 조성 및 소결 조건에 따른 9MM 탄자의 파쇄성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Bo-Ram;Seo, Jung-Hwa;Jung, Hee-Chur;Kim, Kyu-Young
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.615-622
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    • 2020
  • Frangible bullets, which are shredded after impact on a target, reduce the possibility of both ricochet and unexpected injury in shooting training and in mission acts in dams, nuclear power plants, and cultural properties. Reducing the levels of hazardous materials in shooting ranges, such as lead, has become an important agenda for the government and environmental groups. In this study, the shape of a frangible bullet was designed for efficient shredding, and the safety and reliability were confirmed by actual firing under different process conditions. In addition, the physical characteristics, such as compaction pressure, density, and frangibility of each process, were compared by analyzing the microstructure of the sintered frangible bullet. The experiment revealed the smallest fragmentation after impact on the target under the following conditions: Cu-Sn 85:15; sintering temperature, 600℃; sintering time, one hour. Further development of the process conditions and experimental methods will contribute to the performance and environmental improvement of a frangible bullet.

Thermal Decomposition and Stabilization of the Lagoon Sludge Solid Waste after Dissolution with Water (라군 슬러지 물 용해 후 고체 패기물의 열분해 및 안정화)

  • Oh Jong-Hyeok;Hwang Doo-Seong;Lee Kue-Il;Choi Yun-Dong;Hwang Sung-Tae;Park Jin-Ho;Park So-Jin
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.249-256
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    • 2005
  • Thermal decomposition and stabilization characteristics of the solid cake after the dissolution of nitrate of the lagoon sludge was investigated. Most of the nitrates were dissolved in the water and removed to the filtrate, but small amount of nitrates, calcium carbonate and uranium were remained in the solid cake. The solid cake was thermally decomposed in the muffle furnace at $900^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours. Uranium, which is in the lagoon 1, was stabilized with $NaNO_3$ decomposition to $Na_{2}O{\cdot}2UO_3$ form. For the lagoon 2, it is confirmed that CaO, which was created by thermal decomposition of the $Ca(NO_3)_2$ and $CaCO_3$, was transferred to $Ca(OH)_2$ in the air with water. Because it is known that $Ca(OH)_2$ is stable material, further additives did not need to the stabilization of the thermal decomposition of the lagoons.

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Anti-Oxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Melanogenic Activities of Endlicheria Anomala Extract (Endlicheria anomala (Nees) Mez 추출물의 항산화, 항염증 및 미백 활성)

  • Jin, Kyong-Suk;Lee, Ji Young;Kwon, Hyun Ju;Kim, Byung Woo
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.433-441
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    • 2013
  • In this study, the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-melanogenic activities of Endlicheria anomala (Nees) Mez methanol extract (EAME) were evaluated by use of in vitro assays and cell culture model systems. The results revealed that EAME scavenges various radicals such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl hydrogen peroxide induced reactive oxygen species, and lipopolysaccharide induced nitric oxide. Furthermore, EAME induced the expression of anti-oxidative enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1, thioredoxin reductase 1, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase 1, and their upstream transcription factor, nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2. Moreover, EAME inhibited in vitro DOPA oxidation and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine induced melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. Its anti-melanogenic activity will have originated from the inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme activity and melanogenesis related protein expression. Taken together, these results provide the important new insight that E. anomala possesses various biological activities such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-melanogenic. Therefore, it might be utilized as a promising material in the fields of nutraceuticals and cosmetics.

Studies on the Reactions of Urea with Paraformaldehyde (Urea와 Paraformaldehyde 반응산물(反應産物)의 화학적(化學的) 특성(特性) 연구)

  • Choi, Du-Hoi;Norwood, Verrill M.
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.41-49
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    • 1991
  • The reaction of molten urea with paraformaldehyde in sealed tubes has been examined, and the concentrations of the products obtained from this reaction have been contrasted to previous results from the identical reaction carried out in open beakers. In these studies, high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy were used to analyze the products formed in the reactions. These products were biuret, triuret, dimethylenetriurea, methylenediurea, and biuretmethyleneurea. The results from the HPLC analyses showed that the concentrations of dimethylenetriurea and methylenediurea in the reaction products increased as the amount of the paraformaldehyde starting material increased. However, the amount of biuret formed in the products decreased as the paraformaldehyde concentration was increased in the urea melt. The results from the NMR analyses showed that the $NH_2$ resonance frequencies for urea, methylenediurea, and dimethylenetriurea all occurred at approximately 5.6 ppm, while the $NH_2$ frequencies for biuret and triuret occurred at approximately 6.9ppm. In the case of biuret and triuret, NH protons absorb between 8.5 and 9.5 ppm, whereas the NH protons in methylenediurea and dimethylenetriurea absorb in the 6.5-6.6ppm region. The melt reaction seems to hold promise as a different technique for ureaform preparation in general.

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Measurement and Estimation for the Clearance of Radioactive Waste Contaminated with Radioisotopes for Medical Application (의료용 방사성폐기물 자체처분을 위한 방사능 측정 및 평가)

  • Kim, Changbum;Park, MinSeok;Kim, Gi-Sub;Jung, Haijo;Jang, Seongjoo
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.8-14
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    • 2014
  • The amounts of radioactive wastes to be disposed in the medical institute have been increased due to development of radiation diagnosis and therapy rapidly. They are produced mostly by the very short lived radioisotopes such as $^{18}F$ used in PET/CT, $^{99m}Tc$, $^{123}I$, $^{125}I$ and $^{201}Tl$, etc. IAEA proposed a criteria for the clearance level of waste which depends on the individual ($10{\mu}Sv/y$) and collective dose (1 man-Sv/y), and concentration of each nuclide (IAEA Safety Series No 111-P-1.1, 1992 and IAEA RS-G-1.7, 2004). Radioactive wastes of $^{18}F$, $^{99m}Tc$, $^{123}I$, $^{125}I$ and $^{201}TI$ in the several types of container like Marinelli beaker, vial and plastic, were collected to measure the concentration of the waste of each nuclide in accordance with IAEA criteria. The measurement method and procedure of determining specific activity of the wastes using gamma emitters like MCA, gamma counter and beta emitters were developed. For the efficiency calibration of the detectors, CRM (certified reference material) which has the same dimension and shape was provided by Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS). Correction factor of the radioactivity decay was calculated based on the measurement results, and the consideration of mutual relation with theoretical equation. The result of this study will be proposed as ISO standard.

Determination of Iodine Contents in Ten kinds of Frequently used Oriental Herb Medicinal Products for Cancer Patient (암환자에게 다빈도로 활용되는 한약제제 10종에 대한 요오드의 함량 분석)

  • Lee, Chang-Hee;Choi, Jung-Eun;Kim, Sun-Ha;Chung, Yong-Sam;Moon, Jong-Hwa;Yoo, Hwa-Seung
    • Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.41-53
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    • 2011
  • Background and Objectives: Iodine is an essential constituent of the thyroid hormones associated with the growth and development of humans and animals as an inorganic nutrition. This element may be accumulated in human blood, tissues and body through the intake of foodstuffs, a beverage, a nutritional supplement and a medicine, among others. The aim of the research is to find out a better medicinal stuff for the thyroid cancer patient who required a low level of iodine diet. Methods: Neutron activation analysis (NAA) used for the iodine analysis is one of nuclear analytical techniques using radiation and radioisotopes and very useful as sensitive analytical technique for performing both qualitative and quantitative multi-elemental non-destructive analysis of major, minor and trace components in variety of environmental and biological materials. In this study, iodine contents in ten kinds of oriental herb medicinal products, which is frequently used to cancer patients are determined by using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) at the HANARO research reactor. The samples prescribed are manufactured as powdered form for taking medicine easily. The analytical quality control is performed to assure an uncertainty of the measurement and to compensate the measured data using a biological certified reference material, NIST SRM 1572, Citrus Leaves. The measured value is $1.89{\pm}0.35mg/kg$, and the relative error is 2.88%, and relative standard deviation is 19 % due to high counting error by small counts of gamma ray spectrum. The standard deviations for other elements such as Cl, K, Mn and Na were in the range of 2 to 8%. Result: The level of iodine contents of Biki-huan, Chungryong-huan and Chungcho-huan, samples detected is less than 6 mg/kg except Hangam Plus sample (more than 210 mg/kg) and six samples were not detected. Iodine in the samples of Shoxiho-tang, Shopunghualhyl-tang, Shocungryong-tang, Banhasaxim-tang, Insampaedox-san and Myunyuk Plus were not measured, but possible level of content can be estimated from the detection limits. In addition, the concentrations of some major elements like Cl, K, Mn, Na, in the samples were determined with the detection limits. Conclusions: Most of samples showed low iodine contents of less than 6 mg/kg but it turned out that most of testing samples can be used to classify the level of iodine diet samples considering the recommended low level of iodine diet 50 ${\mu}g$/day, and a better medicinal stuff for the thyroid cancer patient can be found.

Eating Habits and Food Preferences of Certain Middle School Students in Daegu Area (대구 지역 일부 중학생의 식습관 및 식품 기호도)

  • Sung, Young-Sook;Bae, Ji-Hyun
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.312-319
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    • 2011
  • We investigated the eating habits and food preferences of middle school students to provide material for establishing dietary and nutritional education at the elementary level. We questioned 270 male and female students attending certain middle schools in the Daegu area about their eating habits and food preferences. Eating habits were found to be most regular for students in families where only one parent worked and irregular for students in families where both parents worked. There was a positive correlation between a higher level of academic education of the father and the frequency of consumption of instant foods. There was also a positive correlation between a higher level of academic education of the mother and the frequency of snack consumption. Male students had a higher preference for consuming animal foods than did female students. Students that lived in extended families tented to have a higher preference for vegetable foods. On the other hand, students that lived in nuclear families and students that lived in families where both parents worked preferred snacks more. Based on these results, parental employment and academic education level influences the eating habits and food preferences of middle school students.

A Numerical Model to Evaluate Fire-Resistant Capacity of the Reinforced Concrete Members (화재에 손상된 철근콘크리트 부재의 수치모델 및 내화성능해석)

  • Hwang, Jin-Wook;Ha, Sang-Hee;Lee, Yong-Hoon;Kim, Wha-Jung;Kwak, Hyo-Gyoung
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.497-508
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    • 2013
  • This paper introduces a numerical model which can evaluate the fire-resistant capacity of reinforced concrete members. On the basis of the transient heat transfer considering the heat conduction, convection and radiation, time-dependent temperature distribution across a section is determined. A layered fiber section method is adopted to consider non-linear material properties depending on the temperature and varying with the position of a fiber. Furthermore, effects of non-mechanical strains of each fiber like thermal expansion, transient strain and creep strain are reflected on the non-linear structural analysis to take into account the extreme temperature variation induced by the fire. Analysis results by the numerical model are compared with experimental data from the standard fire tests to validate an exactness of the introduced numerical model. Also, time-dependent changes in the resisting capacities of reinforced concrete members exposed to fire are investigated through the analyses and, the resisting capacities evaluated are compared with those determined by the design code.