• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2007

Background: Stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 is a potent chemoattractant for activated T cells into the inflamed Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium. To determine the effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on the production of SDF-1 in the inflamed RA synovium. Methods: The expression of SDF-1 and MIF in RA and Osteoarthritis (OA) synovium was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The SDF-1 was quantified by RT-PCR and ELISA after RA fibroblast like synoviocyte (FLS) were treated with MIF in the presence and absence of inhibitors of intracellular signal molecules. The synovial fluid (SF) and serum levels of MIF and SDF-1 in RA, OA and healthy control were measured by ELISA. Results: Expression of SDF-1 and MIF in synovium was higher in RA patients than in OA patients. The production of SDF-1 was enhanced in RA FLS by MIF stimulation. Such effect of MIF was blocked by the inhibitors of NF-${\kappa}B$. Concentrations of SDF-1 in the serum and SF were higher in RA patients than in OA patients and healthy control. SDF-1 and MIF was overexpressed in RA FLS, and MIF could up-regulate the production of SDF-1 in RA FLS via NF-${\kappa}B$-mediated pathways. Conclusion: These results suggest that an inhibition of interaction between MIF from T cells and SDF-1 of FLS may provide a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of RA.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.283-302
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• 2004

Background : Angiogenesis is the proliferation of a network of blood vessels emanating from pre-existing vessels, supplying nutrients and oxygen and removing waste products. Angiogenesis occurs in a variety of normal physiologic and pathologic conditions and is regulated by a balance of stimulatory and inhibitory angiogenic factors. Excessive angiogenesis should be suppressed. However, if blood supply is insufficient, it should be encouraged. Hyul-Mek(血脈) or Hyul-Rark(血絡), known as blood vessels in western medicine, is deeply related to Chung-Ki-Hyul(精 氣 血). The goal of this study is to review the effects of herbal medicines on angiogenesis that is involved in wound healing and enhancement of blood supply. Methods : We conducted a systematic and comprehensive literature search for the identification, retrieval, and bibliographic management of independent studies to locate information on the topic. A computerized search of the published literature of Korea(KISS, RISS), China(CNKI), Japan(Kampo medicine, etc), and western countries(MEDLINE) was performed, and further supplemented with manual searches of print sources(1999 to 2003). Results : The herbal medicines with angiogenic activity were mainly found among herbs that carry replenish Shin-Cheng(補腎益精), foster Eum and improve the circulation of blood(養陰活血), or warm and circulate Kyung-Rark(溫經通絡). In particular, herbs with improve the circulation of blood and clear blood(活血化瘀) activity contain a significant amount of tannin, saponin, and pyrazine. Conclusion : Replenish Ki-Hyul(補氣血) and circulate Kyung-Rark(通經絡) could contribute to the induction of angiogenesis because various growth factors and proliferation, differentiation, and migration of vascular endothelial cells are involved in angiogenic activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.370-376
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• 2016

Corrosion on the surface of a structure can generate cracks or cause walls to thin. This can lead to fracturing, which can eventually lead to fatalities and property loss. In an effort to prevent this, laser imaging technology has been used over the last ten years to detect thin-plate structure, or relatively thin piping. The most common laser imaging was used to develop a new technology for inspecting and imaging a desired area in order to scan various structures for thin-plate structure and thin piping. However, this method builds images by measuring waves reflected from defects, and subsequently has a considerable time delay of a few milliseconds at each scanning point. In addition, the complexity of the system is high, due to additional required components, such as laser-focusing parts. This paper proposes a laser imaging method with an increased scanning speed, based on excitation and the measurement of standing waves in structures. The wavenumber of standing waves changes at sections with a geometrical discontinuity, such as thickness. Therefore, it is possible to detect defects in a structure by generating standing waves with a single frequency and scanning the waves at each point by with the laser scanning system. The proposed technique is demonstrated on a wall-thinned plate with a linear thickness variation.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.190-193
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• 2012

Transparent diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were synthesized on glass using radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method from the gas mixture of $CH_4$, $SiH_4$ and Ar. The pressure, the rf-power, $CH_4/SiH_4/Ar$ ratio, and the deposition time were 0.1Torr, 100W, 20 : 1 : 1, and 20 min, respectively. The optical transmittances of DLC-deposited glass and uncoated glass were compared with each other in the visible light regions. The DLC-deposited glass showed transmittance of approximately 83 % and 95 % as compared to the uncoated glass for the wavelength of 380 nm and 500 nm, respectively. The hardness and roughness of DLC-coated glass have been measured by nanoindentation and AFM, respectively. The DLC-coated glass showed a little less or similar optical transmittance compared to the uncoated glass, while the hardness of DLC-coated glass was 2.5 times higher than that of the uncoated glass. The deposited DLC film had the very smooth surface and was thicker than 150 nm after deposition for 20 min.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 1997

PHWR achieves high neutron economy by adopting heavy water as its moderator and coolant. On the other hand it permits much tritium generation, compared to LWR, due to the neutron capture reaction of deuterium in heavy water. Meanwhile in the reactor core, $^3He formed as the result of-decay of tritium, captures a thermal neutron and transforms to tritium again. The existing calculation models on tritium generation in PHWR neglect the contribution of $^3He$ in both moderator and coolant due to its relatively low solubility. However the neutron capture cross-section of $^3He$ is almost $1.6{\times}10^7$ times as large as that of deuterium. That means that the dissolved amount of 0.03 ppm of $^3He$ in heavy water is enough to generate the same amount of tritium as that generated by the deuterium of total heavy water in the system. This study dealt with the contribution of $^3He$ to tritium generation. As a sample case, the contribution of $^3He$ to the tritium generation in Wolsong #1 was evaluated and compared to the measured values. According to the result of this study, it is concluded that $^3He$ in coolant contributes very much to the tritium generation but that in moderator shows negligible effects due to the low solubility and $^4He$ cover gas. At the beginning of the plant operation, the contribution of $^3He$ is slightly greater than the measured value but agrees well with the measured as the operating time increases.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.201-203
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• 2017

There exists strong evidence supporting the co-evolution of central supermassive black holes and their host galaxies; however it is still under debate how such a relation comes about and whether it is relevant for all or only a subset of galaxies. An important mechanism connecting AGN to their host galaxies is AGN feedback, potentially heating up or even expelling gas from galaxies. AGN feedback may hence be responsible for the eventual quenching of star formation and halting of galaxy growth. A rich multi-wavelength dataset ranging from the X-ray regime (Chandra), to far-IR (Herschel), and radio (WSRT) is available for the North Ecliptic Pole field, most notably surveyed by the AKARI infrared space telescope, covering a total area on the sky of 5.4 sq. degrees. We investigate the star formation properties and possible signatures of radio feedback mechanisms in the host galaxies of 237 radio sources below redshift z = 2 and at a radio 1.4 GHz flux density limit of 0.1 mJy. Using broadband SED modelling, the nuclear and host galaxy components of these sources are studied simultaneously as a function of their radio luminosity. Here we present results concerning the AGN content of the radio sources in this field, while also offering evidence showcasing a link between AGN activity and host galaxy star formation. In particular, we show results supporting a maintenance type of feedback from powerful radio-jets.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.439-453
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• 2018

The Eocene Gyeongju granitoids in SE Korea are alkali feldspar granite (AGR), biotite granite (BTGR), and hornblende biotite granodiorite (HBGD) along Yangsan fault and Ulsan fault. According to their geochemical characteristics, these granitoids are classified as A-type (AGR) and I-type (BTGR and HBGD) granitoids, and regarded that were derived from same parental magma in upper mantle. The hornblende and biotite of AGR as an interstitial phase indicate that influx of F-rich fluid during the crystallization of AGR magma. AGR is enriched LILE (except Sr and Ba) and LREE that indicate the influences for subduction released fluids. The highest HFSE contents and zircon saturation temperature of AGR among the Eocene Gyeongju granitoids may indicate that it was affected by partial melting rather than magma fractionation. These characteristics may represent that the high F contents of AGR was affected by F-rich fluid derived from the subducted slab and partial melting. It corresponds with the results of the REE modeling and the dehydrated fluid component (Ba/Th) modeling showing that AGR (A-type) was formed by the partial melting of BTGR (I-type) with the continual influx of F-rich fluid derived from the subducted slab.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2009

Objective : In 1960's Bonghan Kim's team found BongHan(BH) ducts which were presumed as acupuncture meridians and BH corpuscles. They asserted Bonghan theory and SanAl theory which was involved in cell division and cell restoration. However, many other experiments which had been operated to demonstrate and find the existence of BH ducts had failed because of the secret of blue stain drugs. During the last several years, BongHan theory has been revived through experimental researches to find the anatomical structures of BH ducts and corpuscles by Soh's Biomedical Physics Lab. Soh's research team used the staining with Janus Green B, Alcian blue, nanoparticles and Acridine Orange. We used DAPI staining to find the existence of BH ducts and the corpuscles and to observe nuclear arrangement. Methods : We used japan white rabbits as experimental animals. BH ducts and corpuscles were stained with DAPI. The nucleus configuration in BH ducts stained with DAPI were observed with microscope. Results : In this study, we found thread like structures in silver white color distinguished from the blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels. These thread like vessels in the linear duct shape were connected to same colored mass in the ball shape. Thread like structures we found could be separated easily from the surrounding other organ mass. The nuclei of the thread like structure in DAPI staining, are about 10${\sim}$20${\mu}m$ length, in rod shape and linear arrangement. Conclusion : We concluded that the thread like structure we found was same vessel reported by Soh's research team, BongHan ducts and corpuscle.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1336-1340
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• 2016

Korean rhinoceros beetles (Allomyrina dichotoma), which can be found in broad-leaved forests in mountainous habitats and lives for around one year in wild. This beetle is currently popular as a pet and traditionally regarded as a medicine for liver-related diseases in Korea. It is reported that the economic losses in the mass-rearing facilities by virus infection have been increased since the 2010s in Korea. The causing virus for the A. dichotoma was firstly reported as an Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) in 2015. We, here, observes that serious morphological changes in the intestinal tube from the OrNV-infected beetles, and report five genes, which are regulated by OrNV infection in the intestine; Krueppel-like factor 15 (Klf15), Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2), U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 200 kDa helicase (Snrnp200), Muscleblind-like protein 2a (mbnl2a), and MIMI_L93. The results may provide a clue to the early diagnosis and disease treatment during the mass-rearing facilities of the A. dichotoma.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.385-393
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• 2006

Screening performance of the existing intake screens (drum and travelling screen) on mass impingement of marine animals, a euphausiid, Euphausia pacifica and a scyphozoan medusae, Aurelia aurita that have often clogged intake screens of the Uljin Nuclear Power Plant, was tested. The maximum tolerable densities of marine animals in the inflowing seawater upon the screen were estimated with two different approaches. First the maximum density of jellyfish was calculated from (1) passing amount of seawater per unit time through the screens and (2) the covered area of animals on the screens clogged. The maximum density of krill tolerable in the drum screen was cited from a simulated record of Uljin NPP, then those in the travelling screens were also calculated using the data of drum screen and ratio of seawater amount passing through the screens under the condition of 0.5m water column (W.C.) of the differential pressure (AP) produced by screens, an established permissible limit of ${\Delta}P$. Secondly, the screening performances were also tested by hydrodynamic measurements with various screen models in a circulating water channel equipped with a speed-controlling pump and a differential pressure gauge. From the first approach, the maximum tolerable densities of drum and travelling screen were calculated as 2.0 and $1.5ind/m^3$ for the Jellyfish and 900 and $680ind./m^3$ for the euphausiid, respectively. These densities estimated from the second approach were 2.1 and $0.8ind/m^3$ for the jellyfish and 1059 and $504ind/m^3$ for the euphausiid, respectively. These estimates were compared with the data from historic clogging events to evaluate the practical performance of these intake screens. The comparisons suggest a newly improved intake-screen of which performance should be at least seven times (approximately) better than the existing ones ior the krill and 3.2 times for the jellyfish, respectively, for preventing mass impingement, and for maintaining the condition of the differential pressure between the screens below 0.3 m W.C.