• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권8호통권88호
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• pp.1068-1074
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• 2007

파브알부민(pa π albumin)은 망막의 다양한 세포타입에서 분포하고 있다. 본 연구팀은 이전연구에서 박쥐 망막의 내핵층에서의 파브알부민의 분포를 보고하였다. 현재 연구에서 본 연구팀은 한국관박쥐 (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) 망막의 신경절세포층에 존재하는 파브알부민을 함유하는 신경세포를 규명하였고, 이들 세포의 분포양상을 조사하였다. 실험 결과,파브알부민의 면역반응성은 신경절세포층의 다수 세포에서 발견되었으며, 이들 세포는 주로 중간형 이상 크기의 세포체를 가지고 있었다. 조사된 세포체의 직경은 12.35 - 19.12 ${\mu}m$ 의 범위를 가지며 (n=166), 신경섬유층의 섬유 역시 염색되는 것으로 보아, 파브알부민을 함유하는 신경절세포는 대부분이 중간형이상 크기의 신경절세포임을 뒷받침하고 있다. NND (nearest neighbor distance) 분석을 통해서 본, 평균 NND는 59.57 에서 62.45 ${\mu}m$ 로 나타났으며, 평균 RI (regularity index) 는 2.95 ${\pm}$ 0.3 (mean${\pm}$s.d., n=4) 으로 계산되었다. 이를 종합해보면, 파브알부민은 한국관박쥐 망막의 신경절세포층에서 중간형이상 크기의 신경절세포에서 주로 발현하고 있으며, 이들은 규칙적인 배열을 가진 채 잘 조직화된 분포양상을 보여주고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은, 아직까지 명확하게 규명되어 있지 못한 박쥐의 시각에 대한 이해에 중요하게 적용될 수 있을 것이라고 사료된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.388-397
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• 2011

Selenium (Se) is known to prevent from several cancers, while iron (Fe) is known to be associated with high risk of cancers. The role of Se on colon carcinogenesis was investigated in an animal model induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in low Fe mice. Six-week old ICR mice fed on a low Fe diet (4.5 ppm Fe; generally 10 times lower than normal Fe) with three different Se (0.02, 0.1 or 0.5 ppm) levels for 24 weeks. The animals received weekly three ($0{\sim}2^{nd}$ weeks) i.p. injections of AOM (10 mg/kg RW), followed by 2% DSS with drinking water for 1 week to induce the colon cancer. There were five experimental groups including vehicle, positive control (normal Fe level, AOM/DSS), Low Fe (LFe) + AOM/DSS+Low Se (LSe), LFe + AOM/DSS + medium Se (MSe) and LFe + AOM/DSS + high Se (HSe) groups. HSe group showed a 66.7% colonic tumor incidence, MSe group showed a 69.2% tumor incidence, and LSe group showed a 80.0% tumor incidence. The tumor incidence was negatively associated with Se levels of diets. Tumor multiplicity in Hse group was significantly low compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). With increasing Se levels of diets, the primary anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells were decreased and apoptotic bodies were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity and its protein level were dependent on the levels of Se of diets. Malondialdehyde level in liver was lowest in Hse group among experimental groups. These findings indicate that dietary Se is chemopreventive for colon cancer by increasing antioxidant activity and decreasing cell proliferation in Fe-deficient mice.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.1119-1125
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 resveratrol을 전립선 암 치료제로의 활용 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 primary 인체 전립선 암세포에 대한 resveratrol의 성장억제 효과 및 그 기전에 대하여 조사 하였다. Resveratrol은 RC-58T/h/SA#4 세포에서 농도 및 시간에 의존적으로 세포의 증식을 억제하였으며, $IC_{50}$ 값은 암세포인 RC-58T/h/SA#4, LNCaP, PC-3에서는 각각 245, 320, $340\;{\mu}M$, 전립선 정상세포인 RWPE-1에서는 $982\;{\mu}M$로 나타나 정상세포에서보다는 암세포에서 그 독성이 크게 나타났다. 또한 resveratrol에 의해 유도된 세포 사멸은 핵 응축, sub-G1 함량 증가 및 DNA 분절 현상이 나타나 apoptosis를 유도함을 알 수 있었다. Resveatrol은 caspase-8, -9 및 effector casapse-3 활성을 농도 의존적으로 증가시켰으며, caspase 저해제인 z-VAD-fmk로 caspase의 처리 시 resveratrol에 의한 apoptosis 유도 현상이 유의적으로 감소되어 resveratrol에 의한 RC-58T/h/SA#4 세포의 apoptosis 유도에 caspase가 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 확인하였다. Resveratrol에 의해 anti-apoptotic 인자인 Bcl-2 및 Bid 단백질의 발현은 감소하였으나, pro-apoptotic 인자인 Bax 단백질 발현은 변화가 없었다. 따라서 본 연구는 resveratrol이 RC-58T/h/SA#4세포에서 caspase 의존형 미토콘드리아 경로에 의해 유도되며, resveratrol은 전립선암 치료제로서 사용 가능성을 시사한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 MG의 RC-58T/h/SA#4 인체 전립선 암세포에 대한 증식 억제 및 apoptosis 유도효과에 대하여 확인하였다. MG는 RC-58T/h/SA#4 세포의 증식을 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. 이러한 MG에 의한 RC-58T/h/SA#4 세포의 사멸이 apoptosis에 의해 일어나는지를 sub-G1 함량 측정 및 Hoechst 33258 염색을 이용하여 확인하였다. 그 결과 MG를 처리한 군의 sub-G1의 함량이 대조군에 비하여 증가하였으며, methyl gallate를 처리한 군에서 핵의 응축과 apoptotic body 형성을 Hoechst 33258 염색을 통하여 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 RC-58T/h/SA#4 세포에서 MG가 유도하는 apoptosis의 기전을 확인하기 위하여 다양한 실험을 실시하였다. MG는 DNA의 분절량 증가 및 caspase 활성을 유도하였으며, 활성화된 caspase-8, -9 및 -3에 의해 PARP와 Bid 단백질의 분절을 발현시켰으며, Bcl-2 family 단백질의 발현에 영향을 미쳐 apoptosis를 유도하였음을 확인하였다. 한편 환경호르몬인 dioxin과 bisphenol A를 다양한 농도로 처리한 결과 각각 1 nM, $0.1{\mu}M$ 농도에서 가장 높은 전립선 암세포 과다증식을 유도하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 MG를 농도별로 처리한 결과 환경호르몬에 의해 유도된 인체 전립선 암세포의 증식을 농도 의존적으로 억제시켰다. 본 연구 결과 MG는 RC-58T/h/SA#4 전립선 암세포에서 apoptosis 유도를 통한 암세포 성장 억제효과를 가지고 있음을 확인하였으며, 환경호르몬에 의해 유발될 수 있는 암에 대해서도 유사한 보호효과를 가지고 있음을 증명하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3519-3528
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• 2012

Inhibitory effects of Maclura amboinenesis Bl, one plant used traditionally for the treatment of cancers, on metastatic potential of highly metastatic B16F10 melanoma cells were investigated in vitro. Cell proliferation was assessed using the MTT colorimetric assay. Details of metastatic capabilities including invasion, migration and adhesion of B16F10 melanoma cells were examined by Boyden Chamber invasion and migration, scratch motility and cell attachment assays, respectively. The results demonstrated that n-hexane and chloroform extracts exhibited potent anti-proliferative effects (p<0.01), whereas the methanol and aqueous extracts had less pronounced effects after 24 h exposure. Bioactivity-guided chromatographic fractionation of both active n-hexane and chloroform extracts led to the isolation of two main prenylated xanthones and characterization as macluraxanthone and gerontoxanthone-I, respectively, their structures being identified by comparison with the spectral data. Interestingly, both exhibited potent effective effects. At non-toxic effective doses, n-hexane and chloroform extracts (10 and $30{\mu}g/ml$) as well as macluraxanthone and gerontoxanthone-I (3 and $10{\mu}M$) significantly inhibited B16F10 cell invasion, to a greater extent than $10{\mu}m$ doxorubicin, while reducing migration of cancer cells without cellular cytotoxicity. Moreover, exposure of B16F10 melanoma cells to high concentrations of chloroform ($30{\mu}g/ml$) and geratoxanthone-I ($20{\mu}M$) for 24 h resulted in delayed adhesion and retarded colonization. As insights into mechanisms of action, typical morphological changes of apoptotic cells e.g. membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, apoptotic bodies and loss of adhesion as well as cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase with increase of sub-G1 cell proportions, detected by Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry were observed, suggesting DNA damage and subsequent apoptotic cell death. Taken together, our findings indicate for the first time that active n-hexane and chloroform extracts as well as macluraxanthone and gerontoxanthone-I isolated from Maclura amboinensis Bl. roots affect multistep of cancer metastasis processes including proliferation, adhesion, invasion and migration, possibly through induction of apoptosis of highly metastatic B16F10 melanoma cells. Based on these data, M. amboinensis Bl. represents a potential candidate novel chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic agent. Additionally, they also support its ethno-medicinal usage for cancer prevention and/or chemotherapy.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.51-68
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• 2017

Objectives : Oxidative stress due to excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the risk factors for the development of several chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Methods : In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of cheongnoemyeongsin-hwan (CNMSH) against oxidative stress‑induced cellular damage and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in neuronal-derived SH-SY5Y cells. Results : Our results revealed that treatment with CNMSH prior to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure significantly increased the SH-SY5Y cell viability, indicating that the exposure of the SH-SY5Y cells to CNMSH conferred a protective effect against oxidative stress. CNMSH also effectively attenuated H2O2‑induced comet tail formation, and decreased the phosphorylation levels of the histone ${\gamma}H2AX$, as well as the number of apoptotic bodies and Annexin V‑positive cells. In addition, CNMSH exhibited scavenging activity against intracellular ROS generation and restored the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) loss that were induced by H2O2, suggesting that CNMSH prevents H2O2‑induced DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Moreover, H2O2 enhanced the cleavage of caspase-3 and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase, a typical substrate protein of activated caspase-3, as well as DNA fragmentation; however, these events were almost totally reversed by pretreatment with CNMSH. Furthermore, CNMSH increased the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is a potent antioxidant enzyme, associated with the induction of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). According to our data, CNMSH is able to protect SH-SY5Y cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis throughout blocking cellular damage related to oxidative stress through a mechanism that would affect ROS elimination and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Conclusions : Therefore, we believed that CNMSH may potentially serve as an agent for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases caused by oxidative stress.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2004년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.553-561
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• 2004

20세기 이후 우리의 경우는 숨가쁘게 유입되는 세계문화와 기존 우리 문화와의 소화 불량적 만남으로 혼돈의 문화를 이룩하였으며, 반도체 수출이나 IT산업에 있어서, 최강의 기술력 보유국(保有國)이라는 자리를 점유하면서도 공허한 심정을 떨칠 수 없게 되었다. 그러한 한국의 현대사와 동시대적 상황 가운데 작금의 현실을 살아가는 우리들은 정치적, 사회적, 문화적 측면에서 혼돈과 현기증을 복합적으로 체감하게 된다. 대중화(大衆化), 소비화(消費化)된 사회는 경제력 향상을 초래(招來)하였으나 그 출발은 익명(匿名)의 대중출현에 의해 가능했으며, 군중(群衆) 속에서의 고독, 소외(疏外), 익명성(匿名性), 몰개성성(沒個性性), 문화의 상품화(商品化) 등의 삶을 동반하고 있다. 본인의 작품에는 이와 같은 사회 현상(現想)들이 도시적 인간상을 통해 드러난다. 소비문화에 노출된 채 그것이 내뿜는 시각 이미지와 유혹에 포위되어 살아가는 인간은 끊임없는 소유욕(所有慾)에 둘러싸여 자신의 가치를 높이기 위한 모든 것을 공간 안에 가둔다. 이들은 몰개성화된 모습으로, 때로는 동물인지 사람인지 알아볼 수 없는 형상으로 도시의 공간에 존재한다. 이는 산업화된 도시의 파괴되어가는 자연 환경을 고발하기 위한 하나의 상징체(象徵體)로서 인간의 소유욕(所有慾)안에 속해있는 제 3의 존재이며 도심속에 갇혀 사는 우리들의 초상화(肖像畵)인 것이다. 본인은 위와 같은 형상을 통하여 현대 도시문명의 현실 속을 살아가는 인간의 객관적 삶과, 익명성(匿名性)에 묻혀 표현되지 못한 욕구와 감정의 대립을 분석해 봄으로써 우리들이 가져야 할 자생성(自生性)과 정체성(停滯性)을 제시하고자 한다.eferences.촉진, 중요 연구 주제의 도출 및 연구 진행 계획을 수립하고, 국제적 산학 협력 강화를 통해 공동 연구를 도출하는 자리를 마련함. $\textbullet$본 학술회의에서 발표된 논문들을 취합하여, 논문집 및 CD-ROM을 제작하여 세계적 수준의 연구 결과를 알리고 이 분야에 관련된 학문, 기술 발전에 큰 도움이 됨.emove effectively radioactivity with in Adsorbent. As cleaning heavy water adsorbent and drying on each condition (temperature for drying and hours for cleaning). Because there is something to return heavy water adsorbent by removing impurities within adsorbent when it is dried o high temperature. After operating, we have been applying this research to the way to dispose heavy water adsorbent. Through this we could reduce solid waste products and the expense of permanent disposal of radioactive waste products and also we could contribute nuclear power plant run safely. According to the result we could keep the best condit

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.197-215
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• 1997

A morphologic study on the effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on experimental hepatocarcinogenesis induced by 3'-methyl-4-dimethyl aminoazobenzene (3'-MeDAB) was investigated. A total of 110 Sprague-Dowley male rats weighting about 200 g each were used for the experiment, and divided into 4 groups; the 3'-MeDAB, BHT, 3'-MeDAB/BHT treated group, and the control group. Four to eight rats of each group were sacrified on the 4th, 8th, 14th and 16th experimental weeks, with continuous pelletized feeding containing 0.09% 3'-MeDAB and 0.5% BHT. The liver was examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The results were as follows; Electron microscopically, the fine structure of the hepatocytes remained consistently abnormal up to 16 weeks after the 3'-MeDAB treatment. There was no significant difference in the groups observed earlier than in the ones observed later. Many subcellular changes were observed : nuclear change, decreased glycogen, mitochondrial abnormalities, disaggregated rough endoplasmic reticulum, marked proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, dilatation and distortion of bile canaliculi, increased lysosomes, apoptotic bodies, migration of bile ductule cell. In the BHT treated group, the ultrastructural changes of hepatocytes were not significant, except for the lipid droplets and proliferated smooth endoplasmic reticulum among hepatocytes depending on the experimental duration. The various subcellular changes of 3'-MeDAB/BHT treated groups were simillar to those of the 3'-MeDAB treated group, but the degree of changes in the 3'-MeDAB/ BHT treated group decreased compared with those of the 3'-MeDAB treated group. These results suggest that dietary butylated hydroxytoluene has a protective/inhibitory effect on the hepatocarcinogenesis induced by 3'-methyl-4-dimethyl -aminoazobenzene.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.221-232
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• 1993

Morphological changes in the uterine and vaginal epithelial cells of the Korean native goats were studied in fifteen primiparous goats slaughtered on the day of parturition and on days 1, 3, 10 and 21 postpartum. 15 uterus and vagina from goats were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows : 1. Transmission electron microscopically, long microvilli which sometimes ramified were found until 10 days postpartum, while short microvilli were found at 21 days. The high electron dense irregular-shaped mitochondria were found in the cytoplasm and the crystalline structure of the mitochondrial matrix was also found from 1 day to 10 days postpartum. Well-developed rough-endoplasmic reticulum (rER) with dilated cisternae which contained the proteins materials was observed at 21 days postpartum. These materials were fused each other and then large granules were found in the free surface of the cytoplasm. A few lipid droplets were generally appeared in the cytoplasm, while numerous droplets were found at 21 days postpartum. A moderate number of ribosomes, a few multivesicular bodies, vesicles, lysosomes and macrophages were found. The globule leucocytes were observed from 0 to 3 days postpartum by transmission electron microscopy. The short microvilli, high electron dense cytoplasm and severe indentation of the nuclear enbelope were found in the vaginal epithelium. Numerouos small vesicles and a few vacuoles were observed in the apical cytoplasmic portion of the epithelium. A few mitochondria were high electron dense and irregular in shape. A moderate amounts of microfilaments, loose intercellular space and dilated rER were also found at 21 days postpartum. 2. Scanning electron microscopically, the folds of the uterine mucosa were generally deep. The long microvilli of the epithelium were found until 3 days postpartum, while short microvili were found at 10 and 21 days postpartum. The distinct intercellular boundary was seen. The apporcine secretory profile of the epithelium observed at between 3 and 10 days postpartum and the cells were somewhat protruded into the lumen. The short microvilli were found on the surface of the protruded cells, while polygonal microridge profile of the epithelium and some dome-shaped epithelium were also observed at 21 days postpartum. The folds of the vaginal mucosa were deep and epithelium was polygonal in shape. The microvilli of the epithelium were long until 3 days postpartum, while they were short at 10 and 21 days. The polygonal epithelium was invaginated into the center of the cell surface until 10 days postpartum. The microridge and dome in shape of the epithelium were found at 10 days postpartum, while the polygonal and exfoliating epithelium were observed at 21 days.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.97-126
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• 2014

October 4, 1957 the Soviet Sputnik 1 was launched into space the first time in the history of mankind. After launching, the realm of humankind was expanded to space. Today all countries of the world wage a fierce competition in order to utilize space for various purposes. World powers of space such as United States, Russia, China, and Japan, put reconnaissance satellites and ocean surveillance satellites into orbit, being able to easily see equipment and troops movement on earth. Each country makes efforts to occupy space assets through the militarization of space and expand national interests. Recently private companies or individuals involved in commercial space activities are becoming more prevalent. Thus, in addition to space activities for military purposes, commercial space activities become widespread. Individuals and private companies as well as nations are also involved in space activities. Outer space is not the monopoly of space powers such as the United States and Russia. The whole human race can benefit from free access to space, being the common heritage of mankind. In particular, outer space becomes an indispensable element of military activities and human life. Many countries are now entering space development, putting a lot of budget into new development programs. Republic of Korea also built the Narodo Space Center, starting its space development with budget and manpower. We have to find out ways to use space not only for military purposes but also for commercial space activities that can contribute to the national economy. In addition, through the joint efforts of the international community, we have to make efforts for preservation and peaceful use of space. Various issues relating to space activities and research should be studies in order to contribute to the progress of humanity. Those issues include the definition of outer space, space debris reduction and environmental conservation issues, non-bind measure cooperation - European International Code of Conduct, space law and national legislation related empowerment issues, arms control measures in space, and restrictions on the use of nuclear fuel. We also need to be involved in the discussion of those issues as one of responsible space countries. In addition, we try to find out regional cooperation schemes such as the ESA in the Europe actively. Currently in the Northeast Asia, cooperation bodies led by Japan and China respectively, are operated in the confrontational way. To avoid such confrontation, a new cooperative body needs to be established for cooperation on space exploration and information. The system to allow the exchange of satellite information for early warning of natural disasters needs to be built as well. In addition, efforts to enhance the effectiveness of the relevant international treaties on space, and fill in the blanks in international space laws should be made at the same time. To this end, we have to do a leading role in the establishment of standards such as non-binding measures (resolution) - Code of Conduct, being discussed in the UN and other organizations, and compliance with those standards. Courses in aerospace should be requires in law schools and educational institutes, and professional manpower need to be nurtured. In addition, the space-related technology and policy needs to be jointly studied among the private, public, and military groups, and the cross exchange among them should be encouraged.