• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.255-264
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• 2008

Objectives: This study adopted a qualitative method to explore the layman's beliefs and experience concerning high blood pressure and its management in order to develop a strategy to increase adherence to proper medical treatment. Methods: Semi-structured interviews that focused on personal experiences with hypertension and its management were conducted with 26 hypertensive patients. The participants were selected according to a BP above 140/90 mmHg (hypertension stage 1), based on the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC-VII). The interviews lasted for approximately 30 minutes (range: 20-60 minutes). The resulting questions were formulated into open-ended questions. The interview questionnaire was composed 17 items to examine non-adherence to treatment and 19 items to examine adherence to treatment. Results: Most participants recognized that the direct cause of high blood pressure was unhealthy behavior rather than inheritance. Thus, the hypertensive patient believed they could recover their blood pressure to a normal level through removing the direct cause of hypertension (weight reduction, diet, exercise) instead of taking drugs. The reasons for these statements were that the drugs for controlling hypertension are not natural or they are artificial, and they may have side effects, and drugs are not treatment for the root cause of hypertension. Most of the hypertensive patients chose to manage their behaviors as soon as they knew their blood pressure was high. Therefore, we should not divide the subjects into two groups according to their taking drugs or not, but they should be divided into two groups according to their willingness or not to manage their condition. Conclusions: For developing a strategy for an individual approach to hypertension management, we need to develop a client-centered attitude and strategy. That is, we need to tailor our approach to individual cases to avoid generalizations and stereotyping when developing an adherence increasing strategy.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.471-474
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• 2013

The surgical evaluation of the apicoectomy with various types of alveolar bone resorption was conducted in current study. The apicoectomy is the common and important treatment in endodontics. Finite element analysis was used for evaluation. The 3D solid model of the maxillary central incisor was reconstructed using CT images of a mature Asian female. Loading and boundary conditions were simulated in the normal mastication of maxillary central incisor. For evaluation of apicoectomy, lingual, labial and entire alveolar bone resorption models were developed. In the results, lingual alveolar bone resorption did not significantly influence stress distribution pattern of root dentin and labial alveolar bone had an important role for supporting structural stability in tooth system.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2001

Aging has been recognized as the primary cause of disc degeneration. A biomechanical characteristics of disc degeneration has been demonstrated that intradiscal pressure is reduced. With the increasing population of elderly people, disc degeneration and associated problems of nerve entrapment are becoming more prevalent. Presently, research on reduced intradiscal pressure associated with degeneration is insufficient. In this study. we used the Finite Element Method (FEM) of computerized simulations to investigate the effects of variation in intradiscal pressure on mechanical behaviours of L4-5 intervertebral disc degeneration. Degeneration was classified using four grades based on initial intradiscal pressure; Normal (135 kPa), mild(107 kPa), moderate (47 kPa) and severe (15 kPa). The predicted results f3r bending loads were as follows; 1 . Range of motion increased progressively with severity of degeneration with flexion and lateral bending moments, but decreased with extension moments. 2. Discal bulging of posterolateral aspect was larger in lateral bending and extension moment. But bulging was increased with severity of degeneration in lateral bending and torsion(same side).3. The rate of increasing intradiscal pressure was decreased in all bending motions with severity of degeneration. In conclusion, lateral bending and extension moment yield greatest bulging in severe degeneration. In torsion, although bending load produces disc bulging, disc bulging was associated more strongly with severity of degeneration than increasing torsional moments. Clinical Implications: Discal bulging may produce nerve root impingement and irritation. The effect of loading and posture on the varying degrees of disc degeneration has important implications especially in the elderly. In the presence of disc degeneration, avoidance of end range postures, especially extension and lateral bending may help reduce discal bulging and in turn, nerve entrapment.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.255-264
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop new balance evaluation index that can discriminate fall risk factors and provide effective interventions for healthy elderly. In order to conduct this study, the balance assessment tools (TUG, mCTSIB, OLST, FRT and BBS) currently used in clinic were re-evaluated using biomechanical analysis. Method: The participants were healthy elderly people over 65 years old, n=26, age: 69.31±3.13 years; height: 154.00±4.12 cm, body weight: 56.13±6.04 kg. The variables are length of CoM-BoS, length of CoP-BoS, range of CoP, mean distance of CoP, mean frequency of CoP, root mean square of CoP, joint angle, ASM (%SL), CoP-CoM angle. Results: As a result of this study, the following items were included in the list of new balance evaluation index for the healthy elderly, showing differences in the biomechanical evaluation based on the clinical evaluation (Inclusion list: TUG, OLST, 8th assessment item of BBS (reaching forward with outstretched arm), 11th item (turning 360 degrees), 13th item (standing with one foot in front), 14th item (standing on one foot)). Conclusion: Based on the results, the new balance evaluation index for the healthy elderly determined through this study can be used to prevent the fall by evaluating the balance ability in various situations that can be experienced in the normal daily life of the healthy elderly.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 1999

In this study, fifteen reinforced high-strength lightweight concrete(HLC)beams were tested to investigate shear behavior of specimens according to shear reinforcement ratio. Test variables are shear span to effective depth ratio(a/d=2.5, 3.5, 4.5) and shear reinforcement ratio(0~1.0${\rho}_{v,ACI}$). Concrete compressive strength and tensile steel reinforcement ratio are constantly 439kg/$cm^2$ and 0.0203, respectively. Test results for the HLC beams showed that ACI code equation underestimates the shear strength of concrete($V_c$), and overestimates the shear strength of shear reinforcements($V_s$). It is revealed that the effectivenesses of shear reinforcements of reinforced HLC beams are lower than those of normal weight concrete beams. Then, the shear strengths of shear reinforcements are increased in proportion not to first degree of shear reinforcement ration but to square root of them.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.203-209
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop a minimally constraint joint angle measurement system for the feedback control of FES (functional electrical stimulation) locomotion. Feedback control is desirable for the efficient FES locomotion, however, the simple on-off control schemes are mainly used in clinic because the currently available angle measurement systems are heavily constraint or cosmetically poor. We designed a new angle measurement system consisting of a magnet and magnetic sensors located below and above the ankle joint, respectively, in the rear side of ipsilateral leg. Two magnetic sensors are arranged so that the sensing axes are perpendicular each other. Multiple positions of sensors attachment on the shank part of the ankle joint model and also human ankle joint were selected and the accuracy of the measured angle at each position was investigated. The reference ankle joint angle was measured by potentiometer and motion capture system. The ankle joint angle was determined from the fitting curve of the reference angle and magnetic flux density relationship. The errors of the measured angle were calculated at each sensor position for the ankle range of motion (ROM) $-20{\sim}15$ degrees (dorsiflexion as positive) which covers the ankle ROM of both stroke patients and normal subjects during locomotion. The error was the smallest with the sensor at the position 1 which was the nearest position to the ankle joint. In case of human experiment, the RMS (root mean square) errors were $0.51{\pm}1.78(0.31{\sim}0.64)$ degrees and the maximum errors were $1.19{\pm}0.46(0.68{\sim}1.58)$ degrees. The proposed system is less constraint and cosmetically better than the existing angle measurement system because the wires are not needed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 1991

In order to see the possible effect of the functional load-bearing after osseointegration of the titanium root form implant in dog a histologic study was conducted. One side of lower jaw was surgically prepared edentulousness and titanium implants were inserted. Some implants were functionally loaded through fixed detachable prosthesis and some are isolated and unloaded. The dog was sacrificed four months later and bone sections with implants were processed for histologic evaluation and the results were as follows ; (1) The bone to implant interface after four months of load bearing presented no mobility and no marginal bone loss radiographically and histologically. (2) The interface zone between compact bone and implant revealed a direct bone to implant contact and in some areas marrow tissue contacts were examined at the light microscopic level. (3) At the ultrastructural level the interface of surrounding compact bone matrix and implant, three types of superficial layers were found ; one with moderate electron dense amorphous granular substance layer, other with high electron dense fine granular substance layer, and another type of amorphous granular substance covered with high electron dense line of minute granules. (4) The osteoblasts in the marrow tissue neighboring implants and osteocytes in compact bone showed typical normal characteristics and in the marrow tissues some of lymphocytes and mast cells were observed. (5) The abscence of abnormal tissue reactions at a cellular level indicates a high degree of biocompatibility for the experimental titanium implant and basically no difference was found between functionally loaded and unloaded implants.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.276-292
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether removal of gingival epithelium with pulsed Nd :YAG laser could inhibit the downgrowth of junctional epithelium after alloplastic material grafting in periodontal bone defect. The periodontal bone defects were created surgically on the palatal aspect of the upper right and left molar teeth in 30 rats and filled with resorbable calcium carbonate($Biocoral\;450^{(R)}$: Inoteb, France). The control sites(right molar area) was sutured. The test side (left molar area) received controlled deepithelization of the oral and sulcular epithelium with pulsed Nd:YAG laser($Sunrise\;Maste^{(R)}$: Sunrise Technologies, U.S.A.) under the mode of 1.75W, 15Hz, 116mJ/pulse and was sutured. The control and test sites were evaluated clinically and histologically, at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days postoperation. Clinically, the gingiva showed normal color and shape at the 5th day in the control site and at the 10th day in the test sites. Histologically, the junctional epithelium was formed at the 7th day in the control sites and at the 14th day in the test sites, and the long JE attachment were observed at the 28th day in both sites. The attachment of connective tissue to root surface was observed initially at the 7th day in the control sites and at the 14th day in the test sites, and completed at the 28th day in both sites. In summary, these results showed that the removal of oral epithelium using pulsed Nd:YAG Laser could not prevent epithelial downgrowth after alloplastic material implantation in rat periodontal bone defect.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.688-696
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• 1996

Garre's osteomyelitis is a unique form of osteomyelitis characterized rediographically by localized thickening of the periosteum and deposition of laminated subperiosteal bone. The most common inciting factor is a mandibular infection in permanent first molar with necrotic pulp. This disease occurs primarily in children and to date in all instances it has occured only in mandible. It usually results in hard swelling over the jaws, producing facial asymmetry with little or no pain. The overlying skin is normal but can occasionally be inflammed mostly when pain is present. Palpation reveals a usually smooth, bone-hard lesion which feel like an inherent part of the mandible. Unlike other forms of osteomyelitis, there is no marked increase in fever, white bloods cell count, sedimentation rate or alkaline phosphatase value. The treatment of Garre's osteomyelitis usually consist of elimination of the sourses of infection, i.e., either extration of an offending infected teeth or root canal therapy. This treatment almost always results in resolution of the Garre's osteomyelitis. Resistant cases have involved secondary surgery, i.e., decortication and sequestrectomy. This report presents three cases of Garre's osteomyelitis resolved by endodontic treatment. Cliniqtl examination revealed swelling on the face with no tenderness. Periapical radiograph showed deep caries lesion extending into pulp chamber and periapical radiolucency. Occlusal radiograph showed an enlargement of bone and stretching the periosteum. A clinical diagnosis of the Garre's osteomyelitis was made. Endodontic treatment was accomplished with conventional method and restored facial symmetry. Long-term check-ups are necessary to evaluate the results of endodontic treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1112-1118
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• 2002

This study was designed to test the effect of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) extracts on the intestinal microorganisms of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into normal, diabetic control and dandelion extract groups. The extracts were prepared by water, ethylacetate and ether from leaf and root, respectively. Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin (55 mg/kg BW, i.p.) in citrate buffer. The extract was supplemented in 11.45g of raw dandelion / kg diet for 50 days. The growth of Lactobacillus was more enhanced in dandelion leaf-water and leaf-ethylacetate extract group than that of the diabetic control group, whereas the growth of E. coli decreased. Results indicate that the dandelion extracts would be effective to improve the intestinal microorganisms.