• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권spc1호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2005

Accurate seismic analyses of large deformable moving structures are still unsolved problems in the field of earthquake engineering. In order to analyze these problems, the nonlinear finite element method formulated by the absolute nodal coordinate approach is noticed. Because, this formulation has several advantages over the standard procedures on mass matrix, elastic forces and damping forces in the case of large displacement problems. But, it has not been fully studied to build frame structure models by using beam elements in the absolute nodal coordinate formulation. In this paper, we propose the connecting method of the beam elements formulated by the absolute nodal coordinate. The coordinate transformation matrix of this element is introduced into the frame structure. This beam element has the characteristic that the mass matrix and bending stiffiness matrix are constant even if in the case of large displacement problems, and this characteristic is being kept after the transformation. In order to verify the proposed method, we show the numerical simulation results of frame structures for a vibration problem and a large displacement problem.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.1037-1053
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• 2015

This paper presents finite element (FE) based pushover analysis of a reinforced concrete structure with a two-leaf cavity wall (TLCW) to estimate the performance level of this structure. In addition to this, an unreinforced masonry (URM) model was selected for comparison. Simulations and analyses of these structures were performed using the DIANA FE program. The mentioned structures were selected as two storeys and two bays. The dimensions of the structures were scaled 1:1.5 according to the Cauchy Froude similitude law. A shake table experiment was implemented on the reinforced concrete structure with the two-leaf cavity wall (TLCW) at the National Civil Engineering Laboratory (LNEC) in Lisbon, Portugal. The model that simulates URM was not experimentally studied. This structure was modelled in the same manner as the TLCW. The purpose of this virtual model is to compare the respective performances. Two nonlinear analyses were performed and compared with the experimental test results. These analyses were carried out in two phases. The research addresses first the analysis of a structure with only reinforced concrete elements, and secondly the analysis of the same structure with reinforced concrete elements and infill walls. Both researches consider static loading and pushover analysis. The experimental pushover curve was plotted by the envelope of the experimental curve obtained on the basis of the shake table records. Crack patterns, failure modes and performance curves were plotted for both models. Finally, results were evaluated on the basis of the current regulation ASCE/SEI 41-06.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.355-367
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• 2020

This paper proposed a numerical investigation based on finite elements analysis (FEA) in order to study the punching shear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) flat slabs using ABAQUS and SAP2000 programs. Firstly, the concrete and the steel reinforcements were modeled by hexahedral 3D solid and linear elements respectively, and the nonlinearity of the used materials was considered. In order to validate this model, experimental results considered in literature were compared with the proposed FE model. After validation, a parametric study was performed. The parameters include the slab thickness, the flexure reinforcement ratios and the axial membrane loads. Then, to reduce the time of FEA, a simplified modelling using 3D layered shell element and shear hinge concept was also induced. The effect of the footings settlement was studied using the proposed simplified nonlinear model as a case study. Results of numerical models showed that increase of the slab thickness by 185.7% enhanced the ultimate load by 439.1%, accompanied with a brittle punching failure. The punching failure occurred in one of the tested specimens when the tensile reinforcement ratio increased more than 0.65% and the punching capacity improved with increasing the horizontal flexural reinforcement; it decreased by 30% with the settlement of the outer footings.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.533-550
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• 1999

Optimal design of raft-pile foundations is examined by combining finite element technique and the optimization approach. The piles and soil medium are modeled by three dimensional solid elements while the raft is modelled by shell elements. Drucker-Prager criterion is adopted for the soil medium while the raft and the piles are assumed to be linear elastic. For the optimization process, the approximate semi-analytical method is used for calculating constraint sensitivities and a constraint approximation method which is a combination of the extended Bi-point approximation and Lagrangian polynomial approximation is used for predicting the behaviour of the constraints. The objective function of the problem is the volume of materials of the foundation while the design variables are raft thickness, pile length and pile spacing. The generalized reduced gradient algorithm is chosen for solving the optimization process. It is demonstrated that the method proposed in this study is promising for obtaining optimal design of raft-pile foundations without carrying out a large number of analyses. The results are also compared with those obtained from the previous study in which linear analysis was carried out.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2010

This paper demonstrates numerical techniques for complex large-scale modeling with microplane constitutive theories for reinforced high strength concrete, which for these applications, is defined to be around the 7000 psi (48 MPa) strength as frequently found in protective structural design. Applications involve highly impulsive loads, such as an explosive detonation or impact-penetration event. These capabilities were implemented into the authors' finite element code, ParaAble and the PRONTO 3D code from Sandia National Laboratories. All materials are explicitly modeled with eight-noded hexahedral elements. The concrete is modeled with a microplane constitutive theory, the reinforcing steel is modeled with the Johnson-Cook model, and the high explosive material is modeled with a JWL equation of state and a programmed burn model. Damage evolution, which can be used for erosion of elements and/or for post-analysis examination of damage, is extracted from the microplane predictions and computed by a modified Holmquist-Johnson-Cook approach that relates damage to levels of inelastic strain increment and pressure. Computation is performed with MPI on parallel processors. Several practical analyses demonstrate that large-scale analyses of this type can be reasonably run on large parallel computing systems.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
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• 제11B권4호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2001

The magnetic force calculation methods, the Maxwell＇s stress tensor method, virtual work method, and nodal force method, are reviewed and the equivalence of them are theoretically proved. The methods are applied to the magnetic force calculation of 2D linear and nonlinear problems, and 3D nonlinear problem. As the results, the convergence of the methods as the number of elements increases, accuracy of the methods, and integral path dependence of the methods are discussed. Finally some recommendations on the usage of the methods, including the determination of the integral path, are given.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.51-58
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• 2000

Lateral buckling behavior of laminated composite thin-walled I-section beams subjected to bending moment is investigated by applying the nonlinear anisotropic thin-walled beam theory. The constituent laminated thin-walled elements of I-section are assumed to be symmetrically laminated. The bending, twisting, and warping stiffnesses of the cross section are obtained based on the definitions of these stiffnesses In the thin-walled anisotropic beam theory In numerical examples, singly-symmetric I-beams with specially orthotropic, quasi-isotropic, angle-plys and various boundary conditions are considered. To validate the proposed theoretical approach, present analytical solutions are compared with three dimensional finite element solutions.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.391-399
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• 2019

Residual deformation of high-speed railway bridge piers is cumulative under repeated earthquakes, and influences the safety and ride comfort of high-speed trains. This paper investigates the effects of the peak ground acceleration, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and axial compression ratio on the cumulative deformation through finite element analysis. A simply-supported beam bridge pier model is established using nonlinear beam-column elements in OpenSees, and validated against a shaking table test. Repeated earthquakes were input in the model. The results show that the cumulative deformation of the bridge piers under repeated earthquakes increases with the peak ground acceleration and the axial compression ratio, and decreases with the longitudinal reinforcement ratio.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권6A호
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• pp.399-409
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• 2012

비세장 복부판을 갖고 균일모멘트를 받는 HSB 강재가 적용된 플레이트거더의 비탄성 횡비틀림좌굴 영역 휨강도 특성을 비선형 유한요소해석으로 분석하였다. HSB600 및 HSB800 강재로 제작된 균질단면 강거더와 HSB800 강재와 SM570-TMC 강재를 함께 적용한 하이브리드단면 거더를 고려하였으며, 일반강재와의 상대 비교를 위하여 SM490-TMC 강거더에 대한 해석도 수행하였다. 해석대상 비합성 I-거더 단면의 플랜지와 복부판을 쉘요소로 모델링하고 ABAQUS 프로그램을 이용하여 재료 및 기하학적 비선형 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 강재는 탄소성-변형경화 재료로 모델링하였고 초기변형과 단면의 잔류응력을 고려하였으며, 이들이 비탄성 횡비틀림좌굴 영역에서 휨거동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. HSB 고강도강을 적용한 플레이트거더의 FE 해석과 한계상태법 도로교설계기준, AASHTO LRFD, Eurocode 등 국내외 주요 설계기준에 의한 공칭휨강도와 비교하고 이들 설계기준을 평가하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.663-677
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• 1997

Bond-slip behavior between reinforcement and concrete under push-pull cyclic loadings is numerically investigated based on a reinforcement model proposed in this paper. The equivalent reinforcing steel model considering the bond-slip effect without taking double nodes is derived through the equilibrium at each node of steel and the compatibility condition between steel and concrete. Besides a specific transformation algorithm is composed to transfer the forces and displacements from the nodes of the steel element to the nodes of the concrete element. This model first results in an effective use in the case of complex steel arrangements where the steel elements cross the sides of the concrete elements and second turns the impossibility into a possibility in consideration of the bond-slip effect in three dimensional finite element analysis. Finally, the correlation studies between numerical and experimental results under the continuously repeated large deformation stages demonstrate the validity of developed reinforcing steel model and adopted algorithms.