• 제목/요약/키워드: non-saponin

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황색포도상구균을 포함한 식중독 미생물들에 대한 홍삼의 항균효과 (Antimicrobial Effect of Red Ginseng Against Major Food Poisoning Microorganisms Including Staphylococcus aureus)

  • 곽이성;정명균;장경화;한민우;유병일
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.382-390
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    • 2020
  • S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans, A. niger 등 4종의 식중독균에 대해 agar diffusion법을 이용하여 홍삼(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)으로 부터 조제한 홍삼농축액, 조사포닌, 비수용성 분획에 대한 항균활성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 홍삼농축액 및 비수용성분획은 E. coli, C. albicans, A. niger에 대해서는 항균활성을 나타내지 않았고 조사포닌도 고농도인 30%를 제외한 모든 농도에서 항균활성을 나타내지 않았다. S. aureus는 Gram positive 세균으로서 화농성 식중독의 원인균이면서 동시에 아토피성 피부염의 원인균으로 알려져 있는데, 홍삼농축액은 30% 농도에서 이 균에 대해 항균활성을 나타내었고 조사포닌도 7.5%에서 항균활성을 나타내었다. 홍삼으로부터 조제한 비수용성 분획도 10~200 mg/mL 농도로 실험한 결과 모든 분획에서 항균효과를 나타내었다. 조사포닌 및 홍삼농축액의 미생물 생육저해양상을 조사하기 위해 미리 S. aureus를 접종한 0.85% 생리식염수에 농축액 및 조사포닌을 농도별로 첨가하고 35℃, 12시간 배양한 후 생균수를 측정한 결과, 홍삼농축액은 10% 이상의 농도에서, 조사포닌은 2% 이상의 농도에서 각각 균의 생육을 억제하였다. 그러나 이러한 농도에서도 생균수는 완전히 사멸되지 않아서 홍삼농축액 및 조사포닌의 S. aureus에 대한 생육억제작용은 살균작용이 아닌 정균 작용으로 추정되었다. 사포닌의 항균활성 유무를 확인하기 위해 순수 분리된 ginsenoside 6종(PT saponin, PD saponin, ginsenoside-Rb2,-Rc,-Rd,-Rf,-Rg2)의 항균활성을 50~200 ㎍/mL의 농도에서 조사한 결과 모두 항균효과가 관찰되지 않아서 ginsenoside는 S. aureus에 대해서는 항균효과가 없는 것으로 사료된다. 한편 사포닌을 제외한 비사포닌 성분인 비수용성분획에 대해 상기의 4종 병원성미생물을 대상으로 항균활성을 조사한 결과 E. coli, C. albicans, A. niger에 대해서는 항균효과가 관찰되지 않았고 S. aureus에 대해서만 선택적인 항균활성을 나타내었다. 항균활성 발현 비수용성분획 중 15% methanol분획(MF-1)이 가장 높은 항균활성을 나타내어 이에 대한 최소생육저해농도를 조사한 결과 0.625 mg/mL 이었다. MF-1 분획을 질량분석기(HPLC-MS)로 조사한 결과 주요한 활성성분은 분자량 179.55 및 187.55를 가지는 물질로 추정되었다.

스트레스로 유도된 진통력에 미치는 인삼의 효과 (Effects of Ginseng Total Saponin on Stress-Induced Analgesia)

  • Kim, Hack-Seang;Chung, Myeon-Woo;Jang, Choon-Gon;Park, Woo-Kyu;Oh, Ki-Wan
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.22-28
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    • 1993
  • This study was undertaken to determine the effects of ginseng total saponin (GTS) on stress- induced analgesia (SIA) in mice. intermittent foot shock (FS)-SIA was antagonized not by on but by naloxone in the tail flick FS-SIA which was not antagonized by naloxone in the T.F. test. On the other hand, GTS did not antagonize the continuous FS-SIA naloxone antagonized in the T.P. test. Also GTS antagonized psychological (PSIF)-SIA which was not antagonized by naloxone in the T.F. test. However, GTS did not antagonize the PSY-SIA which naloxone antagonized in the T.P. test. Forced swimming (FSIP)-SIA was not affected by both GTS and naloxone. These results suggest that the antapeonisms of intermittent FS-SIA in the T.F. test, continuous FS-SIA and PSY-SIA by GTS are mediated by non-opioid mechanisms but the antagonism of intermittent FS-SIA in the T.P. test by GTS is mediated by opioid mechanism.

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Ginseng-derived compounds as potential anticancer agents targeting cancer stem cells

  • Ji-Sun Lee;Ho-Young Lee
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제48권3호
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    • pp.266-275
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    • 2024
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare subpopulation of cancer cells that exhibit stem cell-like characteristics, including self-renewal and differentiation in a multi-stage lineage state via symmetric or asymmetric division, causing tumor initiation, heterogeneity, progression, and recurrence and posing a major challenge to current anticancer therapy. Despite the importance of CSCs in carcinogenesis and cancer progression, currently available anticancer therapeutics have limitations for eradicating CSCs. Moreover, the efficacy and therapeutic windows of currently available anti-CSC agents are limited, suggesting the necessity to optimize and develop a novel anticancer agent targeting CSCs. Ginseng has been traditionally used for enhancing immunity and relieving fatigue. As ginseng's long history of use has demonstrated its safety, it has gained attention for its potential pharmacological properties, including anticancer effects. Several studies have identified the bioactive principles of ginseng, such as ginseng saponin (ginsenosides) and non-saponin compounds (e.g., polysaccharides, polyacetylenes, and phenolic compounds), and their pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antifatigue, and neuroprotective effects. Notably, recent reports have shown the potential of ginseng-derived compounds as anti-CSC agents. This review investigates the biology of CSCs and efforts to utilize ginseng-derived components for cancer treatment targeting CSCs, highlighting their role in overcoming current therapeutic limitations.

Effect of Ginseng Total Saponin on Bovine Adrenal Tyrosine Hydroxylase

  • Kim, Hack-Seang;Zhang, Yong-He;Fang, Lian-Hua;Lee, Myung-Koo
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.782-784
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    • 1998
  • Ginseng total saponin (GTS) can modulate dopaminergic activity at both presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine receptors (Kim et al, 1998). The present study investigated t he effect of GTS on the bovine adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), which catalyze L/tyrosine to DOP. GTS inhibited the bovine adrenal TH by 42.4, 51.5 and 55.3% at concentrations of 40, 80 and 100${\mu}g$/ml, respectively. The IC50 value of GTS was 77.5${\mu}g$/ml. GTS exhibited noncompetitive inhibition with a substrate L-tyrosine. The Ki value was 155${\mu}g$/ml.

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한국산 수삼의 재배환경(논, 밭)에 따른 식물화학성분 비교 (Comparison of Phytochemical Constituents According to the Cultivation Method (Paddy Field Cultivation, Upland Field Cultivation) of Korean Fresh Ginseng)

  • 허재영;김도형;황유진;고성권;양병욱
    • 한방비만학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.21-29
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    • 2022
  • Objectives: This study aimed to examine the changes in ingredients according to its cultivation method by examining the content of saponin and non-saponin components of ginseng. Methods: Ginseng saponin component analysis was compared and reviewed using the high-performance liquid chromatography method, and acidic polysaccharide component was measured using the carbazole sulfuric acid method. Results: The comparative analysis of ginseng saponin content of 4 and 6 years old fresh ginseng showed the following results. According to the cultivation method, upland field cultivation fresh ginseng showed higher average content of crude saponin than paddy field cultivation fresh ginseng. Whereas, paddy field cultivation fresh ginseng showed higher average content of total saponin than upland field cultivation fresh ginseng. Ginsenoside Rb1 showed higher content of paddy field cultivation fresh ginseng than upland field cultivation fresh ginseng in 6 years old ginseng. However, it showed higher content of upland field cultivation fresh ginseng than paddy field cultivation fresh ginseng in 4 years old ginseng. Additionally, ginsenoside Rg1 showed higher content of paddy field cultivation fresh ginseng than upland field cultivation fresh ginseng in 6 years old ginseng, whereas upland field cultivation fresh ginseng showed higher content of paddy field cultivation fresh ginseng in 4 years old ginseng. The effect on the content of ginseng saponins and acidic polysaccharides according to paddy field and upland field cultivation methods is considered to be small. Conclusions: The paddy field cultivation method, which is more efficient in production cost due to depletion of farmland and long-distance cultivation, is considered to be an economical cultivation method.

Immunomodulatory Effects of Non-saponin Red Ginseng Components on Innate Immune Cells

  • Sohn, Eun-Hwa;Kim, Ji-Hye;Choi, Hye-Sook;Park, Hye-Jin;Kim, Byung-Oh;Rhee, Dong-Kwon;Pyo, Suhk-Neung
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.67-72
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    • 2008
  • for 4 h, tumoricidal activity was significantly increased. However, NSRG had effects on tumoricidal activity of macrophages at low concentration (1 ug/ml), which was not related to the production of nitric oxide. The mitogen response of lymphocytes to LPS and ConA in the spleen did not show significant differences between the control and NSRG-treated cells, whereas LPS-induced blastogenesis was slightly increased at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ (p < 0.05). These results suggest that NSRG has differential effects on innate immune response and could be useful as immunotherapy for cancer treatment.

반응표면분석법에 의한 맥문동 열수추출 조건의 최적화 (Optimization for Hot water Extraction Condition of Liriope spicata Tuber Using Response Surface Methodology)

  • 김순동;구연수;이인자;박인경;윤광섭
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.157-163
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    • 2001
  • Optimal conditions for hot water extraction of Liriope spicata tuber were investigated with changes in solvent ratio(2∼6 fold) and heating time(1∼5 hr) by response surface methodology. The content of extractable solids increased with an increased in solvent ratio, and the highest content showed at heating time of 3 hr. The content of total steroid saponin increased with a decrease in solvent ratio, and increased with an increase in heating time at increasing the solvent ratio. The content of non-reducing sugar containing oligosaccharides at a lower solvent ratio didn’t show changes depending on heating time, while that at a higher ration decreased with an increase in heating time. Optimal extraction conditions using hot water as the limited conditions of 15∼18% extractable solids, 1.5∼2.0% total steroid saponin, 6∼8% reducing sugar, 6∼7% non-reducing sugar and 13∼15 brix were 3 hrs of heating time and 4 fold of solvent ratio.

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혈소판 응집반응을 억제시키는 Panax ginsing C.A. Meyer의 비사포닌 분획 (Non-Saponin Fraction from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer Inhibits Platelet Aggregation)

  • Park, Kyeong-Mee;Rhee, Man-Hee;Park, Hwa-Jin
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.246-249
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    • 1993
  • Hexane, Hexane/diethylether and chloroform fractions from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer stroungly inhibitied human platelet aggregation induced by a high dose of thrombin (2$\mu$/ml). Chloroform fraction more strongly inhibited the platelet aggregation than the other two fraction among them. There were fatty acid ester and phosphate ester instead of polyacethylene compounds in the chloroform fraction.

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고려홍삼의 당뇨병성 신장병증 개선 효과 (Renoprotective Effects of Korean Red Ginseng)

  • 김영림;정성현
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.111-119
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    • 2004
  • 자연발생적 고혈압 흰쥐에 STZ로 당뇨를 유발한 고혈압-당뇨 질환모델에서 고려홍삼 조사포닌분획과 비사포닌 분획간의 신장보호 활성을 비교해 보았다. STA 65mg/kg용량을 투여한 후 3일에 네 그룹으로 나누어 본 실험에 임하였다. 신장비대에 대한 저해 활성을 비교해 보았을 때 GTS와 GNS 각각 12, 13% 억제 활성을 나타내었고 두 군간에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 한편 요 중 요소질소의 배설은 GNS 투여군에서는 69% 증가(p<0.05)한 반면 GTS 투여군은 31%만이 증가하였다. 혈중 포도당, 콩 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방의 경우는 고혈압-당뇨 대조군과 비교시 홍삼투여군 두군 모두에서 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 반면 oxidative stress를 저해하는 효소인 SOD 활성에 있어서는 GNS투여군에서 대조군에 비해 17%유의하게 상승하는 활성을 보여주었다. 신장비대의 지표인 TGG-$\beta$1, fibronectin그리고 upstream의 MEPK인 p-38, ERK 등의 발현을 그룹간 비교해 본 결과 모든 지표에서 비사포닌 분획이 사포닌 분획에 비해 우수한 억제활성을 나타내었다. TGF-$\beta$1의 mRNA 및 단백질의 발현을 살펴보았을 때 GNS 투여군은 각각 33%, 91% 억제활성을 나타낸 반면 GTS 투여군은 각각 5%, 65% 억제활성을 나타내었다. Fibronectin 단백질의 발현에서도 GNS 투여군은 87% 억제 활성을 나타낸 반면 GTS 투여군은 28% 저해활성을 나타내었다. 본 실험의 결과를 종합해보면 고려홍삼의 신장보호 활성은 사포닌 분획보다는 비사포닌 분획에 함유된 성분에 의해 일어나는 효과가 아닌가 추측된다.

화경제거가 지모의 수량 및 조사포닌함량에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Peduncle Cutting on Yield and Crude Saponin Content in Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge)

  • 한승호;최병준;신철우;손석용;박상일
    • 한국약용작물학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.55-61
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    • 2001
  • 1. 종자형성계통군의 생엽중은 5월30일, 6월30일 및 6월15일 화경제거가 화경무제거 보다 약 $29{\sim}12%$ 무거웠으며, 유식물체형성계통군의 생엽중은 6월15일, 5월30일 및 6월30일 화경제거 순으로 무제거보다 약$21{\sim}4%$ 무거웠다. 2. 종자형성계통군의 생근경중은 5월30일, 6월15일 및 6월30일 화경제거가 화경무제거 보다 약$41{\sim}33%$ 증수하였으며, 유식물체형성계통군의 생근경중은 5월30일 화경제거가 화경무제거 보다 약 3% 증수하였으나, 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 3. 종자형성계통군의 메탄올엑스함량은 5월30일 화경제거와 6월 15일 화경제거가 39.77% 및 39.17%로 6월 30일 화경제거보다 높았으며, 유식물체 형성계통군의 메탄올엑스함량은 처리별 통계적 유의성이 없었다. 4. 종자형성계통군의 조사포닌함량은 5월 30일 화경제거가 7.50%로 무제거 (5.67%)보다 높았으며, 유식물체형성계통군의 조사포닌함량은 처리별 통계적 유의성이 없었다.

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