• 생태와환경
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• 제38권spc호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to understand the runoff characteristics of the non-point sources originating from impervious surfaces and to assess their effect on the aquatic environment in the urban areas. The concentration of pollutants (SS, BOD, COD and T-P) except for T-N showed the highest value in runoff from road, and event mean concentration (EMC) also showed high value from road. The pollutants discharged from road showed a higher concentration in the beginning stage (0 ${\sim}$ 30%) of progressive percentage of rainfall. The contribution percentages of non-point sources by load were 44.9% for SS, 11.2% for BOD, 21.4% for COD, 11.4% for T-N and 8.1% for T-P in the total load of pollutant discharged through sewer. From our results, the road was a significant potential source that deteriorated water quality of the streams and lakes in the vicinity of the urban area during the rain period. Therefore, counter plan is required to reduce pollutant concentration on the road from non-point sources in the urban area. Also, since pollutant concentration in the beginning stage of rainfall was quite high, road cleaning seems to be one of the very useful methods to prevent inflowing of pollutants to the aquatic environment.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2016

Exhaust gas recirculation has the advantage of being low-cost and easy to control of NOx emission. Therefore, it is most generally used to reduce NOx emission according to strengthen regulation. In the case of a non-road engine, such as the agricultural engine, since it mainly operate a middle or high-load state, NOx emission is decreased in accordance with the mapping range of the EGR rate, but results in an increase in the particulate matter which is caused to deposit and fouling problem of the EGR system. This problem has become an important issue for maintaining the performance of the engine, as well as emission performance. This study had examined the effects of cooler aging on the performance of heat transfer efficiency and NOx emission in non-road diesel engine. As a result of the EGR cooler aging during 200 hours engine operation, the cooling performance decreased about 25% compared with that of fresh cooler and the NOx emission increased about 14.6% on NRSC(non-road steady cycle) and 20% on NRTC(non-road transient cycle) compared with that of fresh cooler respectively.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 CCD 카메라의 영상 즉 비전만을 사용해서 도로사면 붕괴와 같은 도로 사태를 검출하는 효과적인 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안한 알고리즘은 영상을 비감시영역과 감시영역으로, 감시 영역은 비도로, 경계, 도로 영역으로 구분한다. 그런 후에 움직임 블록을 정의하고, 생존시간 테이블을 사용해서 움직임의 히스토리를 기억하며, 움직임의 구성요소들이 비도로 영역에서 도로 영역까지 함께 존재하는지를 확인하여 도로 붕괴 사태를 결정하였다. 실험을 통해 제안한 알고리즘이 효과적으로 도로 사태를 검출하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.631-636
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• 2009

This study has its intention to investigate the water quality of non-point source which is runoff from roads. We have classified and selected twelve sites as city road, industrial road, national road and mountain road by considering their traffic volume and surroundings. Water quality was analyzed based on BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P and the concentrations were measured by sampling after rainfall with the interval of 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes. BOD was the highest in city road with 57.6 mg/L and the lowest in mountain road with 45.0 mg/L. For COD, the highest concentration in industrial road was 146.5 mg/L and the lowest was in mountain road with 98.0 mg/L. The run off concentration of SS was up to maximum 630.0 mg/L (average 280.4 mg/L) which was remarkable compared to other types of road. It showed its lowest concentration in national road with 76.0 mg/L. T-N and T-P were the highest in industrial road and the lowest in mountain road. We found out that the runoff concentration was high with large amount of traffic volume and it seemed to be high in city road and industrial road where they were largely affected by their surroundings. Relatively, national road and mountain road seemed to show low concentration as they have less traffic volume and less affected by their surroundings.

• 농촌계획
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2010

Although there have been carrying out various rural development projects related with village road improvement, most of village roads in Korea are under much poor condition. However, until now, their actual conditions have not been surveyed at all. So, this study aimed at analysing the actual conditions and characteristics of rural village roads in the general terms to provide the basic information for the proper improvement policy-making. Case study villages were chosen in flat/mountainous/seashore/suburban areas, which be then classified as improved and not. In terms of road length per household, mountainous villages are highly dispersed and suburban ones moderately dispersed, while flat ones aggregated. Road widths in seashore/suburban/structure improved villages are narrower than flat/mountainous ones. Because about a quarter of road sites are registered as non-road, more positive scheme for transferring non-road sites into road ones.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2021

In this study, an Excel-based model (ROADMOD) was developed to estimate pollutant loading from the road and evaluate BMPs. ROADMOD employs the Chezy-Manning equation and empirical expression for estimating surface runoff, and power function for pollutant buildup, and exponential function for pollutant washoff in SWMM. The results of model calibration for buildup and washoff using observed data revealed a good match between the simulation results and the observed data. The long-term surface runoff and sediment simulated by ROADMOD demonstrated a good match with those by SWMM with 2 ~ 14% of relative error. The shorter sweeping interval (within 8 days) remarkably decreased sediment loads from the road. It was found that the effect of reducing sediment loads from the road was greatly affected not only by the sweeping interval but also by sweeping on the day before a rainfall event. The 48% of removal efficiency of sediment loads from the road was achieved with 26 times of road sweeping per year when sweeping was performed on the day before the rainfall event. A 4-day sweeping interval showed similar removal efficiency (48%) with 96 times of sweeping per year. It is considered that the road sweeping on the day before a rainfall event could maximize the effect of reducing the non-point source pollution from the road with minimization of the number of road sweeping. So, the road sweeping on the day before a rainfall event can be considered as one of the useful and best management practices (BMPs) on road.

• 분석과학
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.368-377
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• 2011

대기오염도와 소음의 연계성을 파악하기 위하여, 서울시 행정구역 중에서 6 개 구에서 각 1 지점씩 6 개 지점을 택하여 조사를 실시하였다. 그리고 세부적인 조사는 도로(road: RD)와 비 도로지점(nonroad: NR)으로 구분한 후 다시 활동 시간대(06:00-22:00)와 비 활동 시간대(22:00-06:00)로 나눈 후 비교 하였다. 소음 주파수 자료와 대기오염물질 농도와의 상관분석을 통하여 양자간의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 시간대별 분석을 통해서는 양자간의 차이를 명확하게 구분하기가 어려웠다. 반면, 공간적 규모를 기준으로 상관분석을 실시한 결과, 전체 시간대에서 도로지역의 소음도와 대기질의 연관성은 비 도로 지역에 비해 높다는 것을 확인하였다. 활동기와 비 활동기로 구분하여 비교한 결과, 도로지역의 경우 활동기에서 비 활동기로 접어들면서 소음도와 대기질의 상관성이 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2007

Road runoff water includes various heavy metals (zinc, Zn; lead, Pb; copper, Cu; chrome, Cr; cadmium, Cd; etc.) and pathogens (E-coli and coliform). Since these pollutants are significantly harmful to human beings and have negative impact on water streams, numerous studies have been conducted to determine the characterization of these non-point pollutants from road runoff water. However, since these non-point pollutant concentrations vary depending on road traffic, road construction, and road maintenance, measurement of pollutant loadings in different site is necessary to estimate the effect of road runoff water on drinking water source. The objective of this study was to examine the quality of road runoff water from a city bridge in Seoul, Korea. This study was conducted for two years to assess annual discharge pollution loads. In this study, five key heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd) and two pathogens (E-coli and coliform) were measured at 18 different events. The pollutant load mass transported was always higher than the corresponding runoff volume for Zn, Cu, and Cd, while Pb and Cr showed similar values between the load mass transported and the corresponding runoff volume. The event mean concentrations were Zn (0.908 mg/L), Pb (0.092 mg/L), Cu (0.141 mg/L), Cr (0.023 mg/L), and Cd (0.006 mg/L). Like Zn, Cu, and Cd, E-coli and coliform values (relatively high in Summer and Fall) are higher at the beginning of each event and decrease afterwards.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.104-113
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• 1997

본 논문은 우리나라 임도사업의 법적, 제도적 기틀을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 임도사업의 경험이 축적된 일본의 민유림 임도사업에 대한 정비방침, 보조체계, 사업체계 및 관련법규에 대하여 자료를 정리 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 일본의 민유림 임도사업은 다양한 시대적 요청에 따라 법적 제도적 기틀을 마련하여 실행하므로서 효율적인 임업경영의 전개, 삼림의 적정한 유지관리, 산촌지역의 진흥 및 생활환경 등에 일익을 담당하고 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.665-670
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• 2010

Pollutants from urban pavement consists various kinds of substances which are originated from dry deposition, a grind out tire, corrosive action of rain to pavement and facilities and raw materials of the road etc.. These are major pollutants of urban NPS (Non-point source) during rainfall period. However there is not enough information to control such pollutants for appropriate management of natural water quality. In this study of transportation areas, three monitoring stations were set up at trunk road, urban highway and national road in Gyeongnam province. Runoff flow rate was measured at every 15minutes by automatic flow meters installed at the end of storm sewer pipe within the road catchment area for water quality analysis. Data was collected every 15 minutes for initial two hours of rainfall. Additional samples were collected 1-4 hours interval till the end of rainfall. The monitoring parameters were $COD_{Mn}$, SS, T-N & T-P and heavy metals. The average EMCs of TSS and $COD_{Mn}$ were 62.0 mg/L and 24.2 mg/L on the city trunk road, which were higher than those of urban highway and national road, indicating higher pollutant loads due to activities in the city downtown area beside the vehicle. On the other hand, the average EMC of T-N and T-P were in the range of 2.67-3.23 mg/L and 0.19-3.21 mg/L for all the sampling sites. Heavy metals from the roads were mainly Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn, showing variable EMCs by the type of road. From the TSS wash-off analysis in terms of FF(first flush) index, first flush phenomenon was clearly observed in the trunk road(FF : 0.89-1.43). However, such mass delivery behavior was not apparently shown in urban highway(FF : 0.90-1.11) and national road(FF : 0.81-1.41).