• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.971-975
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• 2007

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the feeding values of red pepper seed oil meal (RPSOM) and to investigate its dietary supplementation on broiler performances. In Exp. 1, nutritional values of RPSOM were evaluated by analyzing chemical composition and determining true metabolizable energy (TME), nitrogen corrected TME (TMEn) and true available amino acid (TAAA). RPSOM contained 22.50% of CP, 4.75% of ether extract, 27.70% of crude fiber, 4.73% of crude ash and 49.97 ppm of xanthophylls. The contents of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were 34 mg and 31 mg/100 g DM, respectively. The values of TME and TMEn determined by force-feeding 16 roosters were 1.73 kcal/g and 1.63 kcal/g DM, respectively. The average TAAA value of 17 amino acids was 85.22%. In Exp. 2, a total of 225 Ross male broiler chicks, 3 weeks old, were randomly divided into 9 groups of 25 birds each and assigned to three experimental diets containing 0 (control), 5 or 10% RPSOM fed ad libitum for 3 weeks. No significant differences were observed in growth performances and carcass characteristics. The level of serum cholesterol in the 10% RPSOM group was significantly lower than that of the control group (113.92 vs. 137.50 mg/dl). The dietary RPSOM at 5 and 10% levels increased the content of C18:2 ${\omega}{\sigma}$ in leg muscle compared with the control group. The results suggested that RPSOM can be included into broiler feed up to 10% without any negative effects on broiler performances and physiological responses and used as a non-conventional plant protein source, if its nutritional values are well evaluated.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.521-526
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• 2020

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are retrotransposons present in various metazoan genomes and have been implicated in metazoan evolution as well as in nematodes and humans. The long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons contain several regulatory sequences including promoters and enhancers that regulate endogenous gene expression and thereby control organismal development and response to environmental change. ERVs including the LTR retrotransposons constitute 8% of the human genome and less than 0.6% of the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) genome, a nematode genetic model system. To investigate the evolutionarily conserved mechanism behind the transcriptional activity of retrotransposons, we generated a transgenic worm model driving green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression using Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV)-K LTR as a promoter. The promoter activity of HERV-K LTR was robust and fluorescence was observed in various tissues throughout the developmental process. Interestingly, persistent GFP expression was specifically detected in the adult vulva muscle. Using deletion constructs, we found that the region from positions 675 to 868 containing the TATA box was necessary for promoter activity driving gene expression in the vulva. Interestingly, we found that the promoter activity of the LTR was dependent on che-1 transcription factor, a sensory neuron driver, and lin-15b, a negative regulator of RNAi and germline gene expression. These results suggest evolutionary conservation of the LTR retrotransposon activity in transcriptional regulation as well as the possibility of che-1 function in non-neuronal tissues.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.330-338
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• 2015

The effects of dietary supplementation of processed sulfur in pigs according to the level provided during the fattening phase were examined. The pigs were divided into three groups: control (CON), non-sulfur fed pigs; T1, 0.1% processed sulfur fed pigs; T2, 0.3% processed sulfur fed pigs. Physicochemical and sensory properties, as well as meat quality and oxidative stability of the Longissimus dorsi muscle were investigated. The feeding of processed sulfur did not affect moisture and protein contents (p>0.05). However, the crude fat content of T2 was significantly decreased compared to CON (p<0.05), while the pH value of T2 was significantly higher than those of both CON and T1 (p<0.05). Cooking loss and expressible drip of T2 were also significantly lower than that of CON (p<0.05). The redness of meat from T1 was significantly higher than both CON and T2 (p<0.01). During storage, lipid oxidation of the meat from sulfur fed pigs (T1 and T2) was inhibited compared to CON. Examination of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids revealed T2 to have significantly higher content than CON (p<0.05). In the sensory test, the juiciness and overall acceptability of T2 recorded higher scores than CON. This study demonstrated that meat from 0.3% processed sulfur fed pigs had improved nutrition and quality, with extended shelf-life.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2013

Trichinosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by the nematode Trichinella spiralis. Anthelmintics are used to eliminate intestinal adults as well as tissue-migrating and encysted larvae. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ivermectin and myrrh obtained from the aloe-gum resin of Commiphora molmol on experimental trichinosis. Ninety albino mice were orally infected with 300 T. spiralis larvae. Drugs were tested against adult worms at day 0 and day 5 and against encysted larvae on day 15 and day 35 post-infection (PI). Mature worms and encysted larvae were counted in addition to histopathological examination of muscle specimens. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, and creatinine values were estimated. Significant reductions in mean worm numbers were detected in ivermectin treated mice at day 0 and day 5 PI achieving efficacies of 98.5% and 80.0%, while efficacies of myrrh in treated mice were 80.7% and 51.5%, respectively. At days 15 and 35 post-infection, ivermectin induced significant reduction in encysted larval counts achieving efficacies of 76.5% and 54.0%, respectively, while myrrh efficacies were 76.6% and 35.0%, respectively. AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine levels were reduced, while total proteins were increased in response to both treatments compared to their values in the infected non-treated mice. Ivermectin use for controlling T. spiralis could be continued. Myrrh was effective and could be a promising drug against the Egyptian strains of T. spiralis with results nearly comparable to ivermectin.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2014

Nesfatin-1, an anorexic nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2)-derived hypothalamic peptide, controls appetite and energy metabolism. Recent studies show that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 is expressed not only in the brain but also in gastric and adipose tissues. Thus, we investigated the distributions of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in various tissues of male and female mice by real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. Real-time PCR analyses showed that NUCB2 mRNA was predominantly expressed in the pituitary and at lower levels in the hypothalamus, spleen, thymus, heart, liver, and muscle of both male and female mice. Expression was much higher in reproductive organs, such as the testis, epididymis, ovary, and uterus, than in the hypothalamus. Western blot analysis of the nesfatin-1 protein level showed similar results to the real-time PCR analyses in both male and female mice. These results suggest that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 have widespread physiological effects in endocrine and non-endocrine organs. In addition, immunohistochemical staining revealed that nesfatin-1 was localized in interstitial cells, including Leydig cells and in the columnar epithelium of the epididymis. Nesfatin-1 was also expressed in theca cells and interstitial cells in the ovary and in epithelial cells of the endometrium and uterine glands in the uterus. These results suggest that nesfatin-1 is a novel potent regulator of steroidogenesis and gonadal function in male and female reproductive organs. Further studies are required to elucidate the functions of nesfatin-1 in various organs of male and female mice.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.896-907
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• 2020

Imaging technique or computer vision (CV) technology has received huge attention as a rapid and non-destructive technique throughout the world for measuring quality attributes of agricultural products including meat and meat products. This study was conducted to test the ability of CV technology to predict the quality attributes of beef. Images were captured from longissimus dorsi muscle in beef at 24 h post-mortem. Traits evaluated were color value (L*, a*, b*), pH, drip loss, cooking loss, dry matter, moisture, crude protein, fat, ash, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), peroxide value (POV), free fatty acid (FFA), total coliform count (TCC), total viable count (TVC) and total yeast-mould count (TYMC). Images were analyzed using the Matlab software (R2015a). Different reference values were determined by physicochemical, proximate, biochemical and microbiological test. All determination were done in triplicate and the mean value was reported. Data analysis was carried out using the programme Statgraphics Centurion XVI. Calibration and validation model were fitted using the software Unscrambler X version 9.7. A higher correlation found in a* (r=0.65) and moisture (r=0.56) with 'a*' value obtained from image analysis and the highest calibration and prediction accuracy was found in lightness (r²_c=0.73, r²_p=0.69) in beef. Results of this work show that CV technology may be a useful tool for predicting meat quality traits in the laboratory and meat processing industries.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.75-79
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin {TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} deficiency on the utilization and recuperation of stored fuel in exercising rats. Thirty six rats were fed either a vitamin {TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} deficient diet(-{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX}) or a control diet(+{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX}) for 5 weeks, then subdivided into 3 group: non-exercise group(NE), exercise group(EX), exercise and recuperation group(EX). EX group were exercised in treadmill({TEX}$10^{o}${/TEX}, 0.5~0.8km/h)for 2 hours and ER group were recuperated three days with the respective diet after exercise. Glucose(GLU), glycogen(GLY), protein(PRO), trigyceride(TG) and free fatty acid(FFA) were compared in plasma(P), liver(L) and skeletal muscle(M) of rats. Compared to +{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats, in NE group, the level of L-GLY of -{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats was higher, M-TG, L-PRO of -{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats were lower and there were no differences in P-PRO, P-FFA, P-TG, M-GLY, M-PRO and L-TG. In EX group, the levels of P-FFA, L-PRO of -{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats were higher. P-TG, L-TG of -{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats were lower and there was no difference in L-GLY. In EG group, the levels of P-GLU, P-PRO, P-RG, L-PRO of -{TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} rats were lower and there were no differences in L-GLY, L-TG, M-TG and M-GLY. these results suggest that a lowered intake of vitamin {TEX}$B_{6}${/TEX} may impair the recuperation of aminals after exercise related to exercise fuel stores although there is a compensation among stored fuel utilization during exercise.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.775-799
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• 2022

The purpose of this review is to summarize studies that investigate blood and the main components of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in vertebrates, including major livestock, and review the current research on commercializing cultured meat. Detailed research on FBS is still lacking; however, some studies have shown that FBS consists of proteins, carbohydrates, growth factors, cytokines, fats, vitamins, minerals, hormones, non-protein nitrogen, and inorganic compounds. However, there are few studies on how the composition of FBS differs from blood or serum composition in adult animals, which is probably one of the main reasons for not successfully replacing FBS. Moreover, recent studies on the development of FBS replacers and serum-free media have shown that it is difficult to conclude whether FBS has been completely replaced or serum-free media have been developed successfully. Our review of the industrialization of cultured meat reveals that many basic studies on the development of cultured meat have been conducted, but it is assumed that the study to reduce or replace ingredients derived from fetuses such as FBS has not yet been actively developed. Therefore, developing inexpensive and edible media is necessary for the successful industrialization of cultured meat.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권10호
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• pp.1607-1613
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 체육교육전공 대학생들의 단백질 보충제 섭취실태를 살펴보고 이에 대한 기초자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 서울, 경기, 충청 지역의 9개 대학, 체육교육전공 대학생들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 총 476부를 자료 분석에 사용하였다. 단백질 보충제의 사용경험이 있는 사람은 41.6%, 사용경험이 없는 사람은 58.4%였으며 성별(P<0.001), 학년(P<0.05), 참여운동(P<0.001), 가입 동아리(P<0.01)에서 단백질 보충제 섭취경험 유무의 분포가 유의한 차이를 보였다. 단백질 보충제의 구매 장소로는 인터넷 쇼핑몰(71.7%)이 가장 많았고, 가장 높은 섭취 경험율을 보인 단백질 보충제는 WPH(39.4%)이었다. 단백질 보충제에 대한 정보는 친구나 선후배(56.6%)로부터 가장 많이 얻는 것으로 조사되었고 다음이 인터넷(44.4%)이었다. 단백질 보충제를 섭취하는 이유로 몸매나 근육 만들기를 가장 많이 들었고(48.5%), 남학생의 경우 몸매나 근육 만들기가 과반수 이상(57.7%)이었으며, 여학생은 운동능력 향상(33.3%)과 몸매 만들기(30.3%), 체중조절(30.3%)이 고른 분포를 보였다. 단백질 보충제의 섭취 효능에 대하여 '보통'이 49.0%, '효과있음'이 33.3%였으며, 만족여부에서는 '만족함'이 45.5%, '보통'이 43.4%였다. 단백질 보충제의 부작용 경험율은 사용자의 44.9%였고, 부작용에는 설사(30.3%), 소화불량(29.2%) 등 소화기 질환의 빈도가 높았다. 본 연구 결과 체육전공 대학생들은 단백질 보충제 섭취 이유로 몸매나 근육 만들기를 가장 많이 들었는데, 체육 전공자가 단백질 보충제를 운동능력 향상이나 영양보충 이외에 미용 상 목적으로 사용하는 것에 대한 다방면의 인식이 필요하며, 이의 오용이나 남용을 막기 위한 영양교육이 요구된다. 또 학생들이 전문가가 아닌 친구와 선후배, 인터넷을 통해 얻고 있는 단백질 보충제 정보의 정확성과 신뢰도를 높이기 위하여 학생들이 의사나 영양사 등 전문가로부터 정보를 얻을 수 있도록 교육과 올바른 정보 전달이 필요하다. 전문매장이 아닌 인터넷을 주된 구매 장소로 이용하는 것 또한 상업적 판매 위주나 불량품 및 부적절한 상품의 판매가 문제될 수 있다. 단백질 보충제 사용자의 44.9%가 경험한 부작용에 대하여 건강상의 문제도 우려된다. 따라서 지나친 상업적 판매 및 부작용에 대한 면밀한 조사와 과학적인 연구가 뒷받침되어야 하며, 품질보증제도 등의 제도적 장치가 마련되어야 할 것이다. 몸매나 근육 등 외모를 중시하는 사회적, 문화적 경향과 단백질 보충제에 대한 잘못된 정보가 전문 운동선수뿐만 아니라 일반인들에게도 무분별한 단백질 보충제의 섭취를 도모하는 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 특히 헬스 등 근력운동을 하는 경우에는 단백질 보충제와 관련된 영양교육과 올바른 정보 제공이 요구된다. 앞으로 단백질 보충제에 대한 섭취방법, 영양효능, 부작용 등의 다양한 정보와 지식 및 이에 대한 홍보가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1409-1414
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• 2010

이 연구는 실험용 쥐를 대상으로 운동에 따라 골격근에서 일어나는 세포고사 경로 중 내인성 경로와 외인성경로에 의해 이루어지는 세포고사의 신호기전을 확인하여 운동이 세포고사에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 구명하는데 있다. 이를 위해 ICR계 수컷 흰쥐 20마리를 일주일의 적응기간을 거쳐 통제집단(CON: n=10)과 운동집단(EX: n=10)으로 배정하였다. 운동은 8주간 주 5회 실시하였고, 트레드밀 속도 16.4 m/min와 경사도 4%로 설정하여 40분간 지속적인 운동을 실시하였다. 세포고사의 신호 경로 중 내인성 경로에 대한 검증 결과 Bcl-2, Bax 단백질, 그리고 Bcl-2/ Bax ratio는 그룹간 통계적 유의성은 나타나지 않았다. 반면, 세포고사의 경로 중 외인성 경로에 대한 검증 결과 caspase-8 단백질의 발현은 운동집단이 통제집단보다 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.05), 세포고사 억제 단백질인 HSP70 단백질 발현은 운동집단이 통제집단보다 높게 나타났다. 더욱이, 세포고사 최종인자인 caspase-3의 활성화는 이루어 지지 않은 것으로 관찰되었다. 따라서 세포사멸의 신호경로 중 내인성 경로에 작용하는 Bcl-2와 Bax보다는 외인성 경로인 caspase-8과 HSP70의 영향으로 caspase-3가 분할되지 못하여 세포고사가 일어나지 않은 것으로 사료된다.