• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.34C no.5
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• pp.19-32
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• 1997

So far, the multiple path MINs to provide redundant paths in the traditional UPP MINs have been realized by adding additional hardware such as extra stages, duplicated data links, or multiple copies of sthe MIN. And the traditional MINs do not exploit locality: communication with all processor-memory paris takes the same amount of time. Also so far there has been little progress for exploiting locality of reference in MINs. In this paper, we present a new topology MIN, hybrid MIN that is constructed with 2N-3 SEs which is far fewer SEs than that of traditional MINs. Although the hybrid MIN is constructed with 2N-3 SEs, the hybrid MIN satisfies full access capability (FAC) and has redundant paths(but providing single path for 2 memory modules of each processor). Moreover the has redundant paths (but providing single path for 2 memory modules of each processor). Moreover the Hybrid MIN provides shortcut path between pairs which have frequent dat acommunication (locality of reference). Its performance under varing degrees of localized communication is analyzed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1671-1683
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• 2016

Locally repairable codes (LRCs) constitute an important class of codes for distributed storage, where repair efficiency is a key metric of system performance. In LRCs, efficient repair is achieved by small locality-number of nodes participating in the repair process. In this paper, we focus on situations where different locality is required for different nodes. We present a non-trivial extension of the recent results on multiple (or unequal) localities to the $r,{\delta}$-locality case. A new Singleton-type minimum distance upper bound is derived and an optimal code construction is provided. While the result is limited to the case of only two different localities, it should be noted that it can be directly applied to the more general case where the localities are specified not exactly but by upper limits.

• Journal of Ubiquitous Convergence Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2007

Tree-based reliable multicast protocols provide scalability by distributing error-recovery tasks among several repair nodes. These repair nodes perform local error recovery for their receiver nodes using the data stored in their buffers. We propose a packet loss patterns adaptive feedback scheduling scheme to manage these buffers in an efficient manner. Under our scheme, receiver nodes send NAKs to repair nodes to request packet retransmissions only when the packet losses are independent events from other nodes. At dynamic and infrequent intervals, they also send ACKs to indicate which packets can be safely discarded from the repair node's buffer. Our scheme reduces delay in error recovery because the requested packets are almost always available in the repair node's buffers. It also reduces the repair node's workload because (a) each receiver node sends infrequent ACKs with non-fixed intervals and (b) their sending times are fairly distributed among all the receiver nodes.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.99-118
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• 2000

This study investigated the self-concepts of Korean students based on Marsh and Shavelson's(1985) multidimensional hierarchical model. Reduced forms of the Self-Description Questionnaire(SDQ)-I and -II were administered to 308 5th and 6th grade students and 718 7th to 9th grade students. Results of 2 factor analyses indicated that sub-scales 9 and 11 were well established for SDQ-I and -II, respectively, partly confirming the multidimensionality of self-concept. The factors involving distinctions between academic and non-academic higher-order factors and between the academic/math and the academic/verbal factors were not so differentiated nor hierarchically arranged as proposed by the model. These differences may be attributed to the heavy influence of the academic self-concept on the other sub-factors. A Locality ${\times}$ Sex ${\times}$ Grade ANOVA showed main effects of locality favoring urban areas and of sex favoring boys.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.135-139
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• 2007

Recently Data Centric Storage (DCS) schemes are variously studied for several applications (e.g. natural environment investigation, military application systems and environmental changes monitoring). In DCS scheme, data is stored at nodes within the network by name. There are several drawbacks in the existing schemes. The first is the inefficiency of the range query processing on not considered the locality of store point. the second is the non-homogeneity of store load of each sensors in case of the sensor distribution density is non-uniformed. In this paper, we propose a novel data centric storage scheme with the sensor distribution density which satisfied with the locality of data store location. This scheme divides whole sensor network area using grid and distributes the density bit map witch consist of the sensor density information of each cell. sensors use the density bit map for storing and searching the data. We evaluate our scheme with existing schemes. As a result, we show improved load balancing and more efficient range query processing than existing schemes in environment which sensors are distributed non-uniform.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.433-455
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• 2004

The paper presents results of FE-calculations on shear localizations in quasi-brittle materials during both an uniaxial plane strain compression and uniaxial plane strain extension. An elasto-plastic model with a linear Drucker-Prager type criterion using isotropic hardening and softening and non-associated flow rule was used. A non-local extension was applied in a softening regime to capture realistically shear localization and to obtain a well-posed boundary value problem. A characteristic length was incorporated via a weighting function. Attention was focused on the effect of mesh size, mesh alignment, non-local parameter and imperfections on the thickness and inclination of shear localization. Different methods to calculate plastic strain rates were carefully discussed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.147-157
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• 2020

In the present research, thermo-elastic buckling of small scale functionally graded material (FGM) nano-size plates with clamped edge conditions rested on an elastic substrate exposed to uniformly, linearly and non-linearly temperature distributions has been investigated employing a secant function based refined theory. Material properties of the FGM nano-size plate have exponential gradation across the plate thickness. Using Hamilton's rule and non-local elasticity of Eringen, the non-local governing equations have been stablished in the context of refined four-unknown plate theory and then solved via an analytical method which captures clamped boundary conditions. Buckling results are provided to show the effects of different thermal loadings, non-locality, gradient index, shear deformation, aspect and length-to-thickness ratios on critical buckling temperature of clamped exponential graded nano-size plates.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.131-142
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• 2016

Urban agriculture, which can be defined as agriculture performed in a city, is suggested as an alternative solution to restore deserted community and expand green land in city area through cultivation activities. In Korea, 'Urban Agriculture Promotion and Support Act' was enforced from May 2012. In addition, in the same year, Seoul Metropolitan Government declared 'the beginning of urban agriculture era,' established municipal ordinance, and increased budget to actively support urban agriculture. As a result, urban agriculture practices have been increasing every year. Yet, the way of developing urban agriculture in a uniform way of expanding green land has led to difficulties of securing proper spaces. Accordingly, 'roof top' spaces have gained attention. This study analyzes rooftop garden, one of the spaces of carrying out urban agriculture, from the publicness perspective. The study selected a case study of a public rooftop garden in Mullae-dong, Yeongdeungpo-gu, investigated present conditions and usage features of the garden, and explored the conditions to be a 'public' roof top garden. Through theoretical analysis, both physical and non-physical indicators were derived for analysis framework; physical aspects- accessibility, locality, openness, comfortness, and non-physical aspects- subjectivity, cooperativeness, and a sense of community. The results of this study are as follows. First, openness and locality scores were the highest, and comfortness scored the lowest, in ensuring the publicness of Mullae roof top garden. Second, non-physical indicators had stronger effect than physical indicators on rooftop garden users' awareness on publicness and building a garden community. In conclusion, in order to vitalize roof top garden, users should be engaged from the very first planning stage of building a garden, opening hours should not be limited, and more importance should be put on users to subjectively manage the operation of rooftop garden than merely creating a physical environment.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.35-51
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• 1993

This paper presents function approximation based on nonparametric estimation. As an estimation model of function approximation, a three layered network composed of input, hidden and output layers is considered. The input and output layers have linear activation units while the hidden layer has nonlinear activation units or kernel functions which have the characteristics of bounds and locality. Using this type of network, a many-to-one function is synthesized over the domain of the input space by a number of kernel functions. In this network, we have to estimate the necessary number of kernel functions as well as the parameters associated with kernel functions. For this purpose, a new method of parameter estimation in which linear learning rule is applied between hidden and output layers while nonlinear (piecewise-linear) learning rule is applied between input and hidden layers, is considered. The linear learning rule updates the output weights between hidden and output layers based on the Linear Minimization of Mean Square Error (LMMSE) sense in the space of kernel functions while the nonlinear learning rule updates the parameters of kernel functions based on the gradient of the actual output of network with respect to the parameters (especially, the shape) of kernel functions. This approach of parameter adaptation provides near optimal values of the parameters associated with kernel functions in the sense of minimizing mean square error. As a result, the suggested nonparametric estimation provides an efficient way of function approximation from the view point of the number of kernel functions as well as learning speed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.6
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• pp.23-33
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• 1996

The exploitation of locality of reference in shared memory NUMA multiprocessors is one of the improtant problems in parallel processing today. In this paper, we propose a revised hardeare reference counter to help operating system to manage locality. In contrast to the previous one, the value of counter can abe adjusted dynamically and periodically to adapt the page replication policy to the various memory reference patterns of processors. We use execution-driven simulation of real applications to evaluate the effectiveness of our adjustable DELAY counter. Our main conclusijon is that by using the adjustable DELAY counter the t normalized average memory access costs and the variance of them become smaller for most applications than the previous one and more robust memory management policies can be provided for the operating systems.