• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2003

연속체 해석을 위한 암반거동 모델로서 널리 이용되고 있는 Hoek-Brown 파괴기준은 1980년도에 발표된 이후 수차례의 수정 보완을 거쳐 1994년에 발표된 Generalized Hoek-Brown 파괴기준식을 토대로 현재 암반을 대상으로 한 지반구조물 해석에 많이 적용되고 있다. 그러나 지반구조물 수치해석시 Hoek-Brown 파괴기준의 적용은 일반적으로 등가의 Mohr-Coulomb 전단강도정수를 산정하여 간접적으로 이용하게 되는데, 이때 등가의 암반 전단강도정수를 암반내 주응력 분포와 상관없이 일정 상수로 적용함으로서 Hoek-Brown 파괴기준의 비선형성을 고려하지 못하는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 암반사면의 안정성 평가를 위한 연속체 해석시 Hoek-Brown 파괴기준의 비선형성을 고려할 수 있는 해석기법을 검토하고, 수치해석기법에 의한 사면안정검토에 주로 이용되고 있는 강도감소법을 이용하여 암반사면의 안정성을 정량적으로 평가하고자 하였다. 특히 최근에 발표된 수정 Hoek-Brown 파괴기준을 토대로 수정된 등가 Mohr-Coulomb 강도정수 산정법과 사면굴착시 발파 및 응력이완에 의한 암반 교란/손상을 고려한 암반교란상수(Disturbance Factor) D을 이용하여 안정해석을 수행하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.963-971
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• 2008

Unsaturated soil mechanics has been often used to find out a cause of failure (tensile failure) of retaining walls and hill slopes containing sandy soils. Checking shear strength is a popular method by considering suction stress developed form pore water menisci among the grains and saturated pockets of pore water under negative pressure. Linear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is generally adopted as a failure criterion. However, depending on relative density, stress history, and the magnitude of stress, the failure behavior of sand may not follow linear M-C frictional behavior. For stress in the large compressive ranges, say from tens to hundreds of kPa, the linear M-C criterion is an adequate representation for the shear strength behavior of sand. However, less than tens of kPa, the M-C criterion often can not be accurately represented. Depending on failure criterion, the uniaxial tensile strength is different over 100% relative error. For sand behavior under small compression regimes, therefore, such as under low or zero gravity, or under undergoing tensile failure in the crest area of hill slopes or behind retaining walls, it is important to consider the non-linear behavior.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2013

Mohr-Coulomb 파괴조건식은 암반구조물의 설계에 활발히 이용되고 있지만 암석의 비선형 강도특성과 중간주응력이 강도에 미치는 영향을 고려할 수 없다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위하여 Hoek-Brown 파괴조건식이 제안되었으며 최근 중간주응력의 영향을 고려할 수 있는 여러 3-D 파괴조건식들이 제안되고 있다. 그러나 아직까지도 많은 암반공학적 설계과정에서 Mohr-Coulomb 파괴조건식을 이용하여 암반의 파괴 가능성이 평가되고 있고 대부분의 현장 기술자들도 내부마찰각과 점착력으로 암반의 강도특성을 이해하는데 익숙하다. 그러므로 Mohr-Coulomb 파괴조건식에 비해 개선된 비선형 혹은 3-D 파괴조건식의 접선마찰각 및 접선점착력이 구해지면 기존의 Mohr-Coulomb 파괴조건식을 활용하는 틀 안에서 개선된 파괴조건식들의 장점을 이용하는 것이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 접선마찰각과 접선점착력을 응력불변량으로 표시하는 방법을 제시하고 이를 일반화된 Hoek-Brown 파괴조건식과 Hoek-Brown 파괴조건식을 3-D로 확장시킨 HB-WW 파괴조건식에 적용하였다. 또한 파괴조건식의 중간주응력 의존성을 3차원 주응력 공간에서 기하학적으로 해석하는 새로운 접근법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법의 실행 사례를 통해 HB-WW 파괴함수의 접선마찰각과 접선점착력은 2-D 파괴함수의 경우와 달리 중간주응력의 크기에 상당한 영향을 받음을 보였다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.228-235
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• 2005

Hoek-Brown의 파괴기준식으로부터 암반의 내부마찰각 및 점착강도를 계산한 후, Mohr-Coulomb의 항복함수를 이용하여 소성 보정이 적용될 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 이러한 계산 과정이 연약 암반이나 낮은 봉압 조건의 암반에 대해서는 적합하지 않다는 사실을 보여주고자 한다. 즉, Hoek-Broun 재료 모델로부터 직접 및 간접적 적용에 의해 소성 보정을 수행하는 과정을 제시하였으며, 이를 통해 직접적 적용이 간접적 적용에 비해, 비선형 파괴면을 더욱 효과적으로 모사할 수 있고, 특히 봉압이 낮은 응력 조건에서 효과적임을 보여주고자 한다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.59-76
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• 2016

The non-linear Hoek-Brown failure criterion has been widely accepted and applied to evaluate the stability of rock slopes under plane-strain conditions. This paper presents a kinematic approach of limit analysis to assessing the static and seismic stability of three-dimensional (3D) rock slopes using the generalized Hoek-Brown failure criterion. A tangential technique is employed to obtain the equivalent Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters of rock material from the generalized Hoek-Brown criterion. The least upper bounds to the stability number are obtained in an optimization procedure and presented in the form of graphs and tables for a wide range of parameters. The calculated results demonstrate the influences of 3D geometrical constraint, non-linear strength parameters and seismic acceleration on the stability number and equivalent strength parameters. The presented upper-bound solutions can be used for preliminary assessment on the 3D rock slope stability in design and assessing other solutions from the developing methods in the stability analysis of 3D rock slopes.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.288-298
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• 2009

It is well known that the peak strength envelope of geomaterials with no cohesion, such as sand, gravel and rockfill, exhibits significant curvature over a range of stresses. In a practical design of slope, however, the linear Mohr-Coulomb's failure envelope is used as a failure criterion and consequently gives inaccurate safety factors, especially for some ranges of small normal stresses on shallow failure surfaces. Necessity of a nonlinear shear strength envelope in slope stability analysis is on this point. Hence, this study describes how to evaluate nonlinear shear strength of gravel fill materials using the results of large triaxial tests under consolidated-drained condition, and compares the safety factors from slope stability analyses for a homogeneous gravel fill or rockfill embankment incorporating the non-linearity of strength, so as to show its effects on safety factors.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.439-455
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• 2016

This paper presented solutions of displacement and stress for a circular opening which is reinforced with grouted rock bolt. It satisfies the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) or generalized Hoek-Brown (H-B) failure criterion, and exhibits elastic-brittle-plastic or strain-softening behavior. The numerical stepwise produce for strain-softening rock mass reinforced with grouted rock bolt was developed with non-associative flow rules and two segments piecewise linear functions related to a principle strain-dependent plastic parameter, to model the transition from peak to residual strength. Three models of the interaction mechanism between grouted rock bolt and surrounding rock proposed by Fahimifar and Soroush (2005) were adopted. Based on the axial symmetrical plane strain assumption, the theoretical solution of the displacement and stress were proposed for a circular tunnel excavated in elastic-brittle-plastic and strain-softening rock mass compatible with M-C or generalized H-B failure criterion, which is reinforced with grouted rock bolt. It showed that Fahimifar and Soroush's (2005) solution is a special case of the proposed solution for n = 0.5. Further, the proposed method is validated through example comparison calculated by MATLAB programming. Meanwhile, some particular examples for M-C or generalized H-B failure criterion have been conducted, and parametric studies were carried out to highlight the influence of different parameters (e.g., the very good, average and very poor rock mass). The results showed that, stress field in plastic region of surrounding rock with considering the supporting effectiveness of the grouted rock bolt is more than that without considering the effectiveness of the grouted rock bolt, and the convergence and plastic radius are reduced.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.307-321
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• 2021

In an earlier publication (Serrano et al. 2014), the theoretical basis for evaluating the shear strength in rock joints was presented and used to derive an equation that governs the relationship between tangential and normal stresses on the joint during slippage between the joint faces. In this paper, the theoretical equation is applied to two non-linear failure criteria by using non-associated flow laws, including the modified Hoek and Brown and modified Mohr-Coulomb equations. The theoretical model considers the geometric dilatancy, the instantaneous friction angle, and a parameter that considers joint surface roughness as dependent variables. This model uses a similar equation structure to the empirical law that was proposed by Barton in 1973. However, a good correlation with the empirical values and, therefore, Barton's equation is necessary to incorporate a non-associated flow law that governs breakage processes in rock masses and becomes more significant in highly fractured media, which can be induced in a rock joint. A linear law of dilatancy is used to assess the importance of the non-associated flow to obtain very close values for different roughness states, so the best results are obtained for null material dilatancy, which considers significant changes that correspond to soft rock masses or altered zones of weakness.