• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 반도체 패키지 내부결함의 비파괴 정량평가를 위한 ESPI 기법을 이용한 시스템 및 검사기 법을 제안하고 있으며, 검사시스템은 ESPI 검사장치, 열변형유도장치, 단열챔버로 구성되어있다. 기존 초음파, X-ray 기반의 검사기법에 비하여 측정시간 및 검사방법이 용이하며, 결함의 정량검출이 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 검사결과에서 대부분의 결함이 열 방출이 많은 칩 주위에서 박리결함으로 나타났으며, 원인은 층간 접착강도의 약화와 열분배 설계에서 문제점인 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제34권E호
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• pp.60-69
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• 1992

The research significance of the paper is to identify the major properties of synthetic lightweight concrete that are affected by ASR expansion and to determine the extent and magnitude of the loss in these properties. Emphasis is also given to the use of non-destructive testing techniques ; Such as dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity, to examine whether these methods could be used to identify the initiation of expansion and the internal structural damage caused by ASR.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 세라믹을 비파괴 검사를 통하여 얻어진 영상에서, 조직의 이상이나 결함의 정도를 자동으로 확인하는 방법을 제안한다. 비파괴 검사를 통하여 얻어진 영상에서 소벨 마스크를 적용하여 윤곽선을 추출하고, 추출된 윤곽선의 방향 정보를 $9{\times}9$ 마스크에 적용하여 영역을 분류한다. 그리고 분류된 각 영역을 히스토그램 스트레칭을 적용하여 영상을 보정하고, 4-방향 윤곽선 알고리즘을 적용하여 객체를 추출한다. 그리고 추출된 객체의 영역에 대해 형태학적 정보를 이용하여 잡음을 제거한 후, 손상된 영역을 추출한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법을 비파괴검사를 통하여 얻어진 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 손상된 영역이 정확히 검출되는 것을 확인하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.1626-1633
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• 2021

In an industrial field, non-destructive testing (NDT) is commonly used to inspect industrial products. Among NDT methods using radiation sources, X-ray laminography has several advantages, such as high depth resolution and low computational costs. Moreover, an X-ray laminography system with stationary source array and compact detector is able to reduce mechanical motion artifacts and improve inspection efficiency. However, this system, called stationary inverse-geometry X-ray laminography (s-IGXL), causes truncation artifacts in reconstructed images due to limited fields-of-view (FOVs). In this study, we proposed a projection data correction (PDC) method to reduce the truncation artifacts arisen in s-IGXL images, and the performance of the proposed method was evaluated with the different number of focal spots in terms of quantitative accuracy. Comparing with conventional techniques, the PDC method showed superior performance in reducing truncation artifacts and improved the quantitative accuracy of s-IGXL images for all the number of focal spots. In conclusion, the PDC method can improve the accuracy of s-IGXL images and allow precise NDT measurements.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2017

In the present work, the effect of hygrothermal aging on the glass fibre and epoxy matrix interface has been investigated by destructive and non-destructive techniques. The glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite laminates were prepared using Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Molding (VARIM) technique and the specimens were immersed in simulated seawater, followed by quantitative measurement. Besides this, the tensile tests of GFRP specimens revealed a general decrease in the properties with increasing aging time. Also, exposed specimens were characterized by a non-destructive ultrasonic guided Lamb wave propagation technique. The experimental results demonstrate a correlation between the drop in ultrasonic voltage amplitude and fall in tensile strength with increasing time of immersion. Hence, the comparison of the transmitted guided wave signal of healthy vis-a-vis specimens subjected to different extents of hygrothermal aging facilitated performance evaluation of GFRP composites.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.601-609
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• 2018

Steel bolts are used in the construction industry for a large variety of applications that range from fixing permanent installations to temporary fixtures. In the past much research has been focused on developing destructive testing techniques to estimate their pull-out load carrying capacity with very little attention to develop non-destructive techniques. In this regards the presented research work details the combined use of ultrasonic pulse velocity and Schmidt hammer tests to identify anchor bolts with faculty installation and to estimate their pull-out strength by relating it to the Schmidt hammer rebound value. From experimentation, it was observed that the load capacity of bolt depends on its embedment length, diameter, bond quality/concrete strength and alignment. Ultrasonic pulse velocity test is used to judge the quality of bond of embedded anchor bolt by relating the increase in ultrasonic pulse transit time to the presence of internal pours and cracks in the vicinity of steel bolt and the surrounding concrete. This information combined with the Schmidt hammer rebound number, R, can be used to accurately identify defective bolts which resulted in lower pull-out strength. 12 mm diameter bolts with embedment length of 70 mm and 50 mm were investigated using constant strength concrete. Pull-out load capacity versus the Schmidt hammer rebound number for each embedment length is presented.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2001

최근 구조물기초에 큰 변형 및 손상을 가하지 않고 안정성에 대한 정보를 비교적 쉽게 얻을 수 있는 비파괴시험(NDT, Non-Destructive Testing)기법이 큰 관심을 얻고 있다. 본 연구에서는 비파괴시험 중 검측공 기법(CSL, CT, PS)과 표면파 기법(SE, IR)을 현장타설말뚝의 건전도 평가에 이용하기 위한 적용성의 문제를 현장시험을 통하여 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 결함이 없는 한 본의 정상말뚝과 연약선단, 단면축소 확대, 불량콘크리트 타설 등 현장에서 발생하기 쉬운 결함의 종류, 크기, 위치 등을 변화 조합한 9본의 현장타설말뚝(직경 0.4m, 길이 7.0m)을 시공하여 다양한 비파괴시험을 수행하였다. 시험을 통하여 각 기법을 현장타설말뚝의 건전도 평가에 적용할 때의 문제점과 각 기법의 합리적인 조합에 대하여 고찰하였다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2020

In this paper the possibility of using different regression models to predict the mechanical properties of limestone concrete after exposure to high temperatures, based on the results of non-destructive techniques, that could be easily used in-situ, is discussed. Extensive experimental work was carried out on limestone concrete mixtures, that differed in the water to cement (w/c) ratio, the type of cement and the quantity of superplasticizer added. After standard curing, the specimens were exposed to various high temperature levels, i.e., 200℃, 400℃, 600℃ or 800℃. Before heating, the reference mechanical properties of the concrete were determined at ambient temperature. After the heating process, the specimens were cooled naturally to ambient temperature and tested using non-destructive techniques. Among the mechanical properties of the specimens after heating, known also as the residual mechanical properties, the residual modulus of elasticity, compressive and flexural strengths were determined. The results show that residual modulus of elasticity, compressive and flexural strengths can be reliably predicted using an artificial neural network approach based on ultrasonic pulse velocity, residual surface strength, some mixture parameters and maximal temperature reached in concrete during heating.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.271-283
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• 2010

Testing of ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) is one of the most popular and actual non-destructive techniques used in the estimation of the concrete properties in structures. In this paper, artificial neural network (ANN) approach has been proposed for the evaluation of relationship between concrete compressive strength, UPV, and density values by using the experimental data obtained from many cores taken from different reinforced concrete structures with different ages and unknown ratios of concrete mixtures. The presented approach enables to find practically concrete strengths in the reinforced concrete structures, whose records of concrete mixture ratios are not yet available. Thus, researchers can easily evaluate the compressive strength of concrete specimens by using UPV values. The method can be used in conditions including too many numbers of the structures and examinations to be done in restricted time duration. This method also contributes to a remarkable reduction of the computational time without any significant loss of accuracy. Statistic measures are used to evaluate the performance of the models. The comparison of the results clearly shows that the ANN approach can be used effectively to predict the compressive strength of concrete by using UPV and density data. In addition, the model architecture can be used as a non-destructive procedure for health monitoring of structural elements.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1753-1761
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• 2014

Due to the inherent inhomogeneous and anisotropy nature of the composite materials, the detection of internal defects in these materials with non-destructive techniques is an important requirement both for quality checks during the production phase and in service inspection during maintenance operations. The estimation of the time-of-arrival (TOA) and/or time-of-flight (TOF) of the ultrasonic echoes is essential in ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT). In this paper, we used split-spectrum processing (SSP) combined with matching pursuit signal decomposition (MPSD) to develop a dedicated ultrasonic detection system. SSP algorithm is used for Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) enhancement, and the MPSD algorithm is used to decompose backscattered signals into a linear expansion of chirplet echoes and estimate the chirplet parameters. Therefore, the combination of SSP and MPSD (SSP-MPSD) presents a powerful technique for ultrasonic NDT. The SSP algorithm is achieved by using Gaussian band pass filters. Then, MPSD algorithm uses the Maximum Likelihood Estimation. The good performance of the proposed method is experimentally verified using ultrasonic traces acquired from three specimens of carbon fibre reinforced polymer multi-layered composite materials (CFRP).