• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.25-36
• /
• 2010

This paper presents the influence of various flexural strengthening design criteria specified by three important design guidelines (ACI440, TR55, FIB14) on the resulting strength, ductility and conservativeness of FRP strengthened RC elements. Various generalised mathematical relations in non-dimensional form are presented that can be employed to develop design aids for the FRP-strengthening process. A design methodology is prescribed based on these equations enabling the designer to optimally and intuitively incorporate sufficient ductility while designing for strength. In order to better interpret conservativeness within design codes, four distinct levels of embedded conservativeness are identified, which cover the entire range of sources of conservativeness. Finally, a detailed parametric study is presented, using the proposed design equations and methodology, to determine the influence of each of these four levels of conservativeness on final design solutions. Specific criteria that are useful while calibrating design guidelines are also presented.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 2008

Religion is deeply connected with human culture and life, and affects all areas of religious people's lives. The aim of this study was to find out how fashion-conservativeness of religious people and non-religious people differ in Korea. Ten religious people and ten atheists all in their twenties were interviewed to find out the differences between religious people and non-religious people related to their viewpoints on clothes. The twenties age group was selected because people in their twenties are sensitive to fashions and styles, and a fair proportion of males and females were selected. The subjects were asked demographic questions, questions about their religion and faith, whether or not they thought they were conservative or affected by religion, and finally, what they thought of photographs of certain styles. 12 photographs from the 2006-7 F/W collections of London, Paris, New York and Milan were presented to the subjects. The photographs were from the Vogue U.K. website and divided into 6 major styles based on verbal evidence used to describe the collections in catwalk reports: "Sexy," "attitude/confidence," "luxury," "sophisticated/chic," "feminine," and "rock." In conclusion, religious people were found to be more conservative than non-religious people in their twenties because they prefer more conservative and covered up styles, have more negative views of bold and skin-showing trends, and regard some styles to be too sexy when non-religious people do not.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.195-217
• /
• 2003

This paper, which is an extension of a previous work by Viola et al. (2002), deals with the dynamic stability of beams under a triangularly distributed sub-tangential forces when the effect of an elastically restrained end is taken into account. The sub-tangential forces can be realised by a combination of axial and tangential follower forces, that are conservative and non-conservative forces, respectively. The studied beams become unstable in the form of either flutter or divergence, depending on the degree of non-conservativeness of the distributed sub-tangential forces and the stiffness of the elastically restrained end. A non-conservative parameter ${\alpha}$ is introduced to provide all possible combinations of these forces. Problems of this kind are usually, at least in the first approximation, reduced to the analysis of beams according to the Bernoulli-Euler theory if shear deformability and rotational inertia are negligible. The equation governing the system may be derived from the extended form of Hamilton's principle. The stability maps will be obtained from the eigenvalue analysis in order to define the divergence and flutter domain. The passage from divergence to flutter is associated with a noticeable lowering of the critical load. A number of particular cases can be immediately recovered.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.173-192
• /
• 1999

The differences of coping behaviors of professional and non-professional working mothers were assessed using data(n=704) from the working mothers with children under age 18. Professional working mothers' individual characters family and occupational conditions are more suitable than non-professionals for the coping behaviors. And such individual and situational aspects may relate to the differences of coping behaviors of he two groups. In general professional working mothers use coping behaviors more except the 'role reducation' and 'taking the support of fiends & neighbor' On the other hand the conservativeness and passive attitude in role strain coping is the same aspect of the two groups. Finally the relation of individual character family and occupational condition of working mothers to their coping behavios are slightly different in this two working mothers groups.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2018

Structures, systems and components of nuclear power plants should be able to maintain safety even in the event of design-basis accidents such as high-energy line breaks. The high-pressure steam jet ejected from the broken pipe may cause damage to the adjacent structures. The ANSI/ANS 58.2 code has been adopted as a technical standard for evaluating the jet impingement load. Recently, the U.S. NRC pointed out the non-conservativeness of the ANSI/ANS 58.2, because it does not take into account the blast wave effect, dynamic behavior of the jet, and oversimplifies the shape and load characteristics of the supersonic steam jet. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the evaluation method for the high-energy line break accident. In order to evaluate the behavior of supersonic steam jet, an appropriate numerical analysis technique considering compressible flow effect is needed. In this study, numerical analysis methodology for evaluating supersonic jet impingement load was developed and verified. In addition, the conservativeness of the ANSI/ANS 58.2 model was investigated using the numerical analysis methodology. It is estimated that the ANSI jet model does not sufficiently reflect the physical behavior of under-expanded supersonic steam jet and evaluates the jet impingement load lower than CFD analysis result at certain positions.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제62권4호
• /
• pp.529-535
• /
• 2013

This paper considers the problem of robust stability for uncertain discrete-time interval time-varying delayed descriptor systems using any combinations of quantization and overflow nonlinearities. First, delay-dependent linear matrix inequality (LMI) condition for discrete-time descriptor systems with time-varying delay and quantization/overflow nonlinearities is presented by proper Lyapunov function. Second, it is shown that the obtained condition can be extended into descriptor systems with uncertainties such as norm-bounded parameter uncertainties and polytopic uncertainties by some useful lemmas. The proposed results can be applied to both descriptor systems and non-descriptor systems. Finally, numerical examples are shown to illustrate the effectiveness and less conservativeness.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2010

본 논문에서는 상태에 시변 시간지연과 폴리토픽 변수 불확실성을 가지는 특이시스템을 위한 새로운 지연 종속 및 변수 종속 강인 안정성 조건을 제시한다. 새로운 변수종속 리아푸노프 함수를 기반으로 구한 강인 안정성 조건은 볼록최적화가 가능한 선형행렬부등식으로 나타난다. 제안하는 조건은 비특이시스템과 특이시스템의 강인 안정성 문제에 동시에 적용가능한 일반적인 알고리듬이다. 수치예제를 통하여 제시한 강인 안정성 조건의 타당성을 보이고, 기존의 비특이시스템의 결과들과의 비교를 통하여 제안한 조건이 덜 보수적임을 확인한다.

• 복식
• /
• 제20권
• /
• pp.93-104
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study is to clarify the adap-tation of traditional beauty of dress in Baek Eui for the establishment of tradition of dress culture. Especially, the color of the traditional dress rep-resent a symbol which is connedted with the na-tional character and the evvironment. But it is hard to examine closely because color preference are transformend with the times. This study is framed within the limits of the next themes : the origin, history and meaning of the Baek Eui ; the philosophical theory of cosmic Five Elements and the Prohibition of Baek Eui ; the beauty of Baek Eui. As the national character is indicative of the conservativeness and the purity, Koreans have kept up wearing Baek Eui spite of the occasional prohibition. Since the color of the dress represen-tatived the signs of the social class and the power, over the eighty persent of the common people put on the Beak Eui : ramie and flax fabrics that has it's own color in Chosun-Dynasty. I think that the use of natural color harmony is prominent and the beauty of Baek Eui is the naturality and the non-artificiality. The meaning of the symbol on the Korean Beak Eui is the divinity, the holiness, the purity, the cleanliness, the modesty, the frugality, the integ-rity, the constancy, the elegance, the simplicity.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.58-65
• /
• 2016

Since, in case of high energy piping, steam jets ejected from the rupture zone may cause damage to nearby structure, it is necessary to design it into consideration of nuclear power plant design. For the existing nuclear power plants, the ANSI / ANS 58.2 technical standard for high-energy pipe rupture was used. However, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) and academia recently have pointed out the non-conservativeness of existing high energy pipe fracture evaluation methods. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a highly reliable evaluation methodology to evaluate the behavior of steam jet ejected during high energy pipe rupture and the effect of steam jet on peripheral devices and structures. In this study, we develop a method for analyzing the impact load of a jet by high energy pipe rupture, and plan to carry out an experiment to verify the evaluation methodology. In this paper, the basic data required for the design of the jet impact load experiment equipment under construction, 1) the load change according to the jet distance, 2) the load change according to the jet collision angle, 3) the load variation according to structure diameter, and 4) the load variation depending on the jet impact position, are numerically obtained using the developed steam jet analysis technique.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제13권12호
• /
• pp.604-613
• /
• 2013

멜로장르는 그동안의 선행연구를 살펴 볼 때 여타의 장르보다 여성상 설정에 있어 전형적인 여성상이 재현 된다는 논의가 있어 왔다. 그러나 이러한 선행연구에는 양적인 방법의 연구가 없어 멜로장르의 보수성과 전형성에 대해 입증했다고 보기 어렵다. 본 연구는 TV드라마 멜로장르 여성상의 전형성에 대해서 양적인 연구방법과 전체 장르 여성상과의 비교분석을 사용하여 검증 하고자 하였다. 연구 결과 TV 멜로장르 여성주인공은 전체장르 여성상에 비해 그 변화상이 적었다. 전체 장르 여성상이 외모에 있어 비여성성이 증가하였고 타인과의 관계가 능동적으로 변한 반면 멜로장르에서는 전형적인 여성적 외모의 여성과 수동적인 여성상이 1992년부터 2012년까지 유지되고 있었다. 여성이 남성의 애인과 아내의 자격으로 남성의 자본을 공유하던 체제에서 여성적인 아름다운 외모는 남성의 선택 가능성을 높이는 여성의 육체자본으로 활용 되었다. 그러나 여성의 경제력이 향상된 현재에도 멜로장르에서는 유독 전형적인 여성상이 유지되고 있다. 여성시청자가 주를 이루는 멜로장르에서 나타나는 이러한 여성상의 전형성은 현대 여성들의 양가적이고 모순적인 욕망을 대변하는 것으로 보여 진다.