• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.731-737
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• 2022

Background: The number of primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 non-B subtype infections (non-B) and that of reports regarding the differences in the pathogenesis of subtype B and non-B infections are increasing. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports on gross deletion in the nef gene (g∆nef) in non-B infections. Methods: To determine whether there is a difference in the change in CD4⁺ T cells after treatment with Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) between patients with subtype B and non-B infections, we retrospectively analyzed and compared the annual decrease in CD4⁺ T cells (AD) and the proportion of g∆nef in 77 patients who were followed for more than 10 years in the absence of combination antiretroviral therapy. Results: Overall, AD was significantly faster in patients with non-B infections than in those with subtype B infections. Survival analysis showed that the survival probability was significantly higher in subtype B than in non B-infected patients. These differences mainly resulted from significant differences in the amount of KRG and age. In the patients treated with KRG, there was a significant correlation between the amount of KRG and the AD in both subtypes. Interestingly, there was a significant correlation between the amount of KRG and the proportion of g∆nef in patients infected with subtype B, but not in those infected with non-B. The same phenomenon was observed when the KRG dose was adjusted. Conclusion: Our results suggest that non-B may be biologically more stable than subtype B.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.53-58
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• 2005

An international study on Class B AIS for Non-SOLAS vessels is in progress through IMO and IEC. The IEC issued CDV(Committee Draft for Vote) on March 3, 2005, as IEC 62287, which includes operational and performance requirements, methods of test and required test results about Class B AIS. In this paper, we proposed the method of making Class B AIS properly onboard. This research deals with the problems of introducing Class B AIS which is properly applicable on small fishing vessels as well as domestic Non-SOLAS vessels. Moreover, several technical considerations were suggested to develop a national technical standards for Class B AIS.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.247-262
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• 2004

In the earlier application of the spline finite strip method(FSM), the uniform B3-spline functions were used in the longitudinal direction while the conventional interpolation functions were used in the transverse direction to construct the displacement filed in a strip. To overcome the shortcoming of the uniform B3-spline, non-periodic B-spline was developed as the displacement function. The use of non-periodic B3-spline function requires no tangential vectors at both ends to interpolate the geometry of shell and the Kronecker delta property is also satisfied at the end boundaries. Recently, non-periodic spline FSM which was modified to have a multiple knots at the boundary was developed for the shell analysis and applied to the analysis of bridges. In the formulation of a non-symmetric spline finite strip method, the concepts of non-periodic B3-spline and a stress-resultant finite strip with drilling degrees of freedom for a shell are used. The introduction of non-symmetrically spaced knots in the longitudinal direction allows the selective local refinement to improve the accuracy of solution at the connections or at the location of concentrated load. A number of numerical tests were performed to prove the accuracy and efficiency of the present study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.344-352
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of the non-destructive quality evaluation for food by the acoustic non-linear parameter B/A which is a measure of the non-linearity of the state equation of the medium in terms of pressure and density. The B/A of water, corn oil O/W(oil in water) emulsion and milk were measured by using a sound velocity measuring system. The B/A value of water was measured for ascertaining reliability of our experimental system. Corn oil W/W emulsion was prepared as a model of milk . It was proved that the B/A value of O/W emulsion was related to the oil concentration by a law of mixture. We applied this result to milk and obtained satisfactory results for predicting the milk fat concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.6-11
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• 2015

In this study, we surveyed analysis of ADS-B ground trajectory data using non-aviation approval public data. For analysis used non-aviation public data and commercial ADS-B receiver. The study result is available using ADS-B ground trajectory data for airfield surveillance on limited range. Also, to confirmed of available using non-aviation public data for aviation research.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.671-690
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• 2004

An assumed strain finite strip method(FSM) using the non-periodic B-spline for a shell is presented. In the present method, the shape function based on the non-periodic B-splines satisfies the Kronecker delta properties at the boundaries and allows to introduce interior supports in much the same way as in a conventional finite element formulation. In the formulation for a shell, the geometry of the shell is defined by non-periodic B3-splines without any tangential vectors at the ends and the penalty function method is used to incorporate the drilling degrees of freedom. In this study, new assumed strain fields using the non-periodic B-spline function are proposed to overcome the locking problems. The strip formulated in this way does not posses any spurious zero energy modes. The versatility and accuracy of the new approach are demonstrated through a series of numerical examples.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.1325-1337
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• 2014

In this paper we study the sequences defined by the last and the last non-zero digits of $n^n$ in base b. For the sequence given by the last digits of $n^n$ in base b, we prove its periodicity using different techniques than those used by W. Sierpinski and R. Hampel. In the case of the sequence given by the last non-zero digits of $n^n$ in base b (which had been studied only for b = 10) we show the non-periodicity of the sequence when b is an odd prime power and when it is even and square-free. We also show that if $b=2^2{^s}$ the sequence is periodic and conjecture that this is the only such case.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2020

NF-κB signaling through both canonical and non-canonical pathways plays a central role in immune responses and inflammation. NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) stabilization is a key step in activation of the non-canonical pathway and its dysregulation implicated in various hematologic malignancies. The tumor suppressor, p53, is an established cellular gatekeeper of proliferation. Abnormalities of the TP53 gene have been detected in more than half of all human cancers. While the non-canonical NF-κB and p53 pathways have been explored for several decades, no studies to date have documented potential cross-talk between these two cancer-related mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that p53 negatively regulates NIK in an miRNA-dependent manner. Overexpression of p53 decreased the levels of NIK, leading to inhibition of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway. Conversely, its knockdown led to increased levels of NIK, IKKα phosphorylation, and p100 processing. Additionally, miR-34b induced by nutlin-3 directly targeted the coding sequences (CDS) of NIK. Treatment with anti-miR-34b-5p augmented NIK levels and subsequent non-canonical NF-κB signaling. Our collective findings support a novel cross-talk mechanism between non-canonical NF-κB and p53.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.298-302
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• 2023

A 7-year-old neutered male, domestic shorthair cat presented anorexia and lethargy. The complete blood cell count revealed severe non-regenerative anemia, lymphocytic leukocytosis, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. On the peripheral blood smear examination, medium to large lymphoblastic cells with moderate amounts of basophilic cytoplasm were observed in up to 70% of peripheral leukocytes. Feline leukemia and immunodeficiency viruses were not detected using a commercial diagnostic kit. While splenomegaly and blunt margins of the caudoventral liver were observed in abdominal radiography, changes in the intra-abdominal lymph nodes were not remarkable. Ultimately, flow cytometric immunophenotyping from the peripheral blood revealed a negative for B-cell markers (CD21-/CD79a-) and T-cell markers (CD3-/CD4-/CD5-/CD8-). Based on the hematological examination and the immunophenotyping assay, the cat was diagnosed with non-B, non-T acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here, we report a rare case of non-B, non-T acute lymphoblastic leukemia to raise awareness and provide information on clinical symptoms and laboratory test and immunophenotyping analysis results.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.340-346
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• 2016

To understand how Bursaphelenchus xylophilus kills pine trees, the differences between the effects of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus on pine trees are usually compared. In this study, the migration and attacking ability of a non-pathogenic B. mucronatus in Pinus thunbergii were investigated. The distribution of B. mucronatus and the number of dead epithelial cells resulting from inoculation were compared with those of the pathogenic B. xylophilus. Although B. mucronatus is non-pathogenic in pines, its distribution pattern in P. thunbergii was the same as that of B. xylophilus. We therefore concluded that the non-pathogenicity of B. mucronatus could not be attributed to its migration ability. The sparse and sporadic attacking pattern of B. mucronatus was also the same as that of B. xylophilus. However, the number and area of the dead epithelial cells in pine cuttings inoculated with B. mucronatus were smaller than in those cuttings inoculated with B. xylophilus, meaning that the attacking ability of B. mucronatus is weaker than that of B. xylophilus. Therefore, we concluded that the weaker attacking ability of B. mucronatus might be the factor responsible for the non-pathogenicity.