• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 1998

This study was carried out to determine the optimum nodes of pinching and fruit setting in muskmelon cultured by deep flow technique. A fruit was set either at 7~8th, 11~12th, or 15~16th nodes, and main shoot was pinched either at 22nd or 27th node. Distance between rows was set the same at 100cm, while the distance between plant in the row was set at 25, 35, 45, or 55cm. In treatments with the same node of fruit setting, fruit quality was enhanced and mean fruit weight increased on 22nd node compared to 27th node. terms of fruit quality as affected by node of fruit setting, larger fruits with lower soluble solid concentrations were produced as fruits were set at higher nodes. In terms of planting density, larger fruits with higher concentrations of soluble solid were produced in the 100cm$\times$45cm and 100cm$\times$55cm treatments compared to 100cm$\times$25cm or 100cm$\times$35cm treatment. Total fruit yields decreased as the planting density decreased. However, percent marketable fruits produced was the greatest in the 100cm$\times$45cm treatment, followed in descending order 100cm$\times$25cm, 100cm$\times$35cm, and 100cm$\times$55cm treatments.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.130-134
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• 2010

To investigate effects of deep tillage before planting on physicochemical properties of soil, growth and fruit characteristics in cultivation of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris L. cv. 'Uriggul') under plastic film house, this study was conducted in cultivating field of Gochang Junbuk. pH in soil after harvest compared with soil before planting of watermelon had almost no change, but EC lowed greatly in the two treatments. Available phosphate concentration in the soil with the deep tillage treatment was lower, K concentration of exchangeable cation decreased greatly than these with conventional tillage treatment. In the growth at 27th day after planting plant, stem length to 10th node from the first node, leaf width with deep tillage treatment were longer, bearing node of the first and second flower and wilting degree were lower than these with conventional tillage treatment. In the growth of harvesting time, the stem length to 30th node from the first node with the deep tillage treatment were longer, leaf discoloration degree was lower than these with conventional tillage treatment. Also, the harvested fruits length, diameter, peel hardness, and weight were significantly better than these with conventional tillage treatment.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.211-230
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• 1998

Introduction The effects of Bojungikkitang on the immunosuppression induced by methotrexate in rats were investigated in this experiment. The multiple parameters of immunity assessed in. each rats includes the rate of body weight loss, weight changes in thymus, spleen and axillary lymphnode. The number of lymphocyte and CD4+ T cell count in blood, thymus, spleen and axillary lymphnode were also measured. Methodology Male Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen as an experiment object and were divided into 3 groups by a random selection. Each group consisted 6 rats. The normal group didn't receive any treatment. The control group was administered methotrexate for 4 days. The sample group was administered with both Bojungikkitang and methotrexate for 4 days. The dosage of medication was 2cc/day, 1cc given at 10AM and another 1cc given at 5PM. Results The rate of body weight loss was significantly decreased in the sample group. The weight of thymus was significantly increased in the sample group while the weight of spleen did not show much increase. Blood CD4+ T cell count, thymus lymphocyte count, thymus CD4+ T cell count, spleen lymphocyte count, spleen CD4+ T cell count and axillary lymph node CD4+ T cell count were significantly increased in the sample group while blood lymphocyte count and axillary lymphnode lymphocyte count did not show much increase. Conclusion As one can witness from the above results, administration of Bojungikkitang played potent role in increasing immune system among the rats treated with methotrexate which induces immunosuppression. Overall increase of lymphocyte count and CD4+ T cell count in the sample group with Bojungikkitang effectively proves its ability to boost the immune system.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.677-682
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• 2015

Although it is not a landscape crop according to MIFAFF(ministry of agriculture, food and rural affairs), yellow mustard is considered a superb landscape crop because of its growth and flower characteristics. We sowed yellow mustard as a landscape and green manure crop in upland soil (four types of soil texture) in spring. And we studied its flowering characteristics, dry weight, and nitrogen yield. The growths of yellow mustard were possible in every soil ranging from sandy soil to clay loam. Its height was 54.1 ~ 76.1cm and the number of node per hill was 11.3 ~ 17.0. Its flowers had a light yellow. It took about 44 ~ 50 days to flower, and flowered for 22~25 days. The dry weight of yellow mustard was $2.27{\sim}3.60tonha^{-1}$ with highest in sandy loam and loam. Among the nutrients of yellow mustard, nitrogen(T-N) was $12.6{\sim}20.8gkg^{-1}$, and C/N ratio was 21.6~37.7. The nitrogen yield of yellow mustard was $35{\sim}62kgha^{-1}$. In conclusion, because of its flowering characteristics and dry weight, yellow mustard was considered appropriate for both green manure and landscape crop uses.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.686-693
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• 2012

To develop a technique for mass-propagation of virus-free sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] plant using nutrient film technique (NFT), the growth characteristics of 4 cultivars as affected by nutrient solution composition and cutting size were investigated. 72 cells (35 mL/cell) plug trays filled with vermiculite and perlite (1:1, v/v) were used. Vine length, fresh and dry weights of virus-free plants were the greatest in the nutrient solution recommended by National Horticultural Research Station in Japan, followed by that recommended by National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science in Korea, and Yamazaki's nutrient solution for lettuce. The growth of uppershoot cuttings was the best among 4 subsections of cutting. Vine length, and fresh and dry weights increased in the longer cutting treatments, and were better in 'Shinzami' and 'Yeonhwangmi' than those in 'Mannami' and 'Shincheonmi'. Vine diameter and length of the longest root were not significantly affected by the cutting size and cutting source. The growth characteristics of the single node cutting were not significantly different from those in 2-node cutting. The efficiency of rapid mass-propagation could be promoted with single node cuttings and uppershoot cuttings grown in NFT system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2013

This work was conducted to obtain some information about stable production of high quality seed-tubers in the late season cultivation of virus-free sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. Growth characteristics and storage root yield between virus-free and farmer's slips in 9 cultivars were investigated using black-film vinyl mulching cultivation with $75{\times}25cm$ planting density on July 10. At 30 days after planting, vine length, vine diameter, number of node, and number of branch in virus-free slips were significantly increased than those in farmer's slips. The vine growth was significantly different among cultivars, and vine elongation was excellent in 'Kogeonmi', 'Shincheonmi', 'Shinhwangmi', 'Shinyulmi', and 'Yeonhwangmi' compared to the other cultivars. At 110 days after planting, vine length, vine diameter, number of node, number of branch, and fresh weight were significantly different among cultivars, but no significant differences between virus-free and farmer's slips were seen except number of node. Total yield in virus-free slips was increased by 12-49% among cultivars than that in farmer's slips. The mean yields between virus-free and farmer's slips were 1,625 kg/10a and 1,230 kg/10a, respectively, and it was significantly different between virus-free and farmer's slips. Percentage of marketable storage root in virus-free slips was 65.6%, and it was significantly higher than 57.8% in farmer's slips. Marketable yields ($40g{\leq}$) between virus-free and farmer's slips were 1,067 kg/10a and 710 kg/10a, respectively. Marketable yield in 'Shincheonmi', 'Shinyulmi' and 'Shinzami' was more than 1,300 kg/10a, and these cultivars showed to be highly adaptable for the late-season cultivation among 9 tested cultivars.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 1987

This study was carried out to get basic information that can be used in quality control for processing ginseng products and also in separation of pure ginsenosides for experimental purpose. The composition of various parts of 6 year-old ginseng was 4.1% of rhizome (node), 47.7% of main root, 34.1% of lateral root and 14.1% of fine Toot on dried weight basis. The weight ratios of epidermis-cortex and xylem were about 1 : 1 in main root and about 2 : 1 in lateral root. The distribution of total saponin content shows 29.2% in main root, 34.6% in lateral root, 29.1% in fine root and 7% in rhizome, but the order of the content per unit weight was fine root > rhizome > lateral root > main root. Total saponin content according to age of root was increased gradually within 3% for 6 years, as compared with two year old root. In view of the increase of root weight owing to the net amount of saponin in root increased continuously. The increase rates of total saponins per year were 3.1,12.3,19.8,43.8 and 21.1% in 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years-old ginseng root, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.5C
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• pp.486-492
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• 2003

The vigilance threshold of conventional fuzzy ART algorithm decide whether to permit the mismatch between any input pattern and stored pattern. If the vigilance threshold was large, despite of little difference among input and stored patterns, the input pattern may be classified to new category. On the other hand, if the vigilance threshold was small, the similarity between two patterns may be accepted in spite of lots of difference and the input pattern are classified to category of the stored pattern. Therefore, the vigilance threshold for the image recognition must be experientially set for the good result. Moreover, it may occur in the fuzzy ART algorithm that the information of stored patterns is lost in the weight-adjusting process and the rate of pattern recognition is dropped. In this paper, I proposed the enhanced fuzzy ART algorithm that supports the dynamical setting of the vigilance threshold using the generalized intersection operator of fuzzy logic and the weight value being adaptively set in proportional to the current weight change and the previous weight by reflecting the frequency of the selection of winner node. For the performance evaluation of the proposed method, we applied to the recognition of container identifiers from shipping container images. The experiment showed that the proposed method produced fewer clusters than conventional ART2 and fuzzy ART algorithm. and had tile higher recognition rate.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.356-363
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• 2014

This work was conducted to investigate the field growth and yield of the sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) slips grown under different light emitting diodes (LEDs). Sweet potato cuttings of 3 cultivars ('Matnami', 'Shinhwangmi', and 'Yeonhwangmi') were cultivated under fluorescent lamp (FL) and several LEDs (PPF $150{\pm}5{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ at 20cm distance) in deep flow culture system for 20 days. The plants were acclimatized under sunlight for 10 days, and then cuttings (30cm length) were planted with $75{\times}25cm$ planting density on June 10th, covered with black vinyl film during growth period. Length and diameter of vine, number of root were excellent in the red plus blue (7:3) LED than the other treatments. At 30 days after planting, the survival rate in red plus blue (7:3) LED was significantly higher than that in FL and red LED, and it was not different among cultivars. Vine length, vine diameter, and number of node were not significant among LED light qualities and cultivars. After 120 days in the field cultivation, vine length, vine diameter, number of node, number of branch, and fresh weight of shoot were not significant among LED light qualities, but those except the number of branch showed significant differences among cultivars. Yield characteristics among LED light colors were not significant, but weight of storage root per plant, mean weight of storage root, and yield showed significant differences among cultivars. The yield per 10a in 'Matnami', and 'Yeonhwangmi' was significantly higher than that in 'Shinhwangmi'.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2023

Objective: In this study, we aimed to position the Hungarian Merino among other Merinoderived sheep breeds, explore the characteristics of our sampled animals' genetic similarity network within the breed, and highlight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with daily weight-gain. Methods: Hungarian Merino (n = 138) was genotyped on Ovine SNP50 Bead Chip (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) and positioned among 30 Merino and Merino-derived breeds (n = 555). Population characteristics were obtained via PLINK, SVS, Admixture, and Treemix software, within-breed network was analysed with python networkx 2.3 library. Daily weight gain of Hungarian Merino was standardised to 60 days and was collected from the database of the Association of Hungarian Sheep and Goat Breeders. For the identification of loci associated with daily weight gain, a multi-locus mixed-model was used. Results: Supporting the breed's written history, the closest breeds to Hungarian Merino were Estremadura and Rambouillet (pairwise F_ST values are 0.035 and 0.036, respectively). Among Hungarian Merino, a highly centralised connectedness has been revealed by network analysis of pairwise values of identity-by-state, where the animal in the central node had a betweenness centrality value equal to 0.936. Probing of daily weight gain against the SNP data of Hungarian Merinos revealed five associated loci. Two of them, OAR8_17854216.1 and s42441.1 on chromosome 8 and 9 (-log₁₀P>22, false discovery rate<5.5e-20) and one locus on chromosome 20, s28948.1 (-log₁₀P = 13.46, false discovery rate = 4.1e-11), were close to the markers reported in other breeds concerning daily weight gain, six-month weight, and post-weaning gain. Conclusion: The position of Hungarian Merino among other Merino breeds has been determined. We have described the similarity network of the individuals to be applied in breeding practices and highlighted several markers useful for elevating the daily weight gain of Hungarian Merino.