• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.731-735
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• 2015

The effects of liquid pig manure (LPM) on the yield and nutrient supply of green manure crops, such as hairy vetch alone and hairy vetch + rye mixture, were investigated. We used three treatments: no-fertilizer (NF); LPM, $4.0t10a^{-1}$ ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=4.0-0.024-4.0kg10a^{-1}$); and chemical fertilizer (CF; $N-P_2O_5-K_2O=4.0-0-4.0kg10a^{-1}$). The green manure crops, namely, Vicia villosa Roth. (hairy vetch) and Secale cereale L. (rye). were sown on March 11 and harvested on June 24, 2014. Yield of green manure crops significantly increased in hairy vetch + rye mixture plot compared with the hairy vetch alone plot. In hairy vetch alone plot, yield of green manure crops was increased by application of LPM and CF, but there were no significant differences. Yield of green manure crops in hairy vetch + rye fresh mixture plot significantly increased by the LPM and CF treatments, but no difference was noted between the LPM and CF treatments. Nitrogen supply by the green manure crops was higher in hairy vetch + rye mixture plot than hairy vetch alone plot. However, there was no significant difference. Phosphorus and potassium supply significantly increased in hairy vetch + rye mixture plot compared with hairy vetch alone plot. By treating LPM and CF, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supply were higher than those in no fertilizer. In conclusion, LPM could replace CF. When planting green manure crops, the hairy vetch + rye mixture was more effective than hairy vetch alone to effectively use green manure crops.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2000

Basic characteristics of non-thermal plasma process to remove C2H4 and NO have been experimentally investigated with a packed-bed type reactor and an ac power supply. The performance of the non-thermal plasma generated by ac power supply was compared with that of a wire-plate type reactor equipped with a pulsed power supply. The result shows that the non-thermal plasma can be effectively generated with an AC power supply that can be easily fabricated with conventional techniques. In order to understand the basic reaction mechanisms of the non-thermal plasma process, parametric tests for different carrier gases(air and nitrogen) and for different reaction pathways have been performed. The test results show that O3 generated by non-thermal plasma plays an dominant role to oxidize C2H4 and NO over N and O radicals when these pollutant gases are carried by dry air under room temperature condition. Experimental observations, however, indicate that N and O radicals can significantly affect on the removal process of the pollutant gases under certain conditions.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.508-514
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• 2017

Water-bloom and red tide due to eutrophication have been overgrown and have caused various environmental problems. Recently, however, research on bid-diesel that can utilize algae as an energy source has been actively carried out. In particular, many studies variously have been conducted to utilize algal photosynthesis oxygen as a supply method for reducing the energy by an air blower in MWTP. In this study, a lab scale algae-nitrification reactor was operated to replace the oxygen required for nitrogen removal and the operation period was largely divided into three sections. In the first section, ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency was 24 ~ 38% according to the MLSS (Mixed Liquer Suspended Solid) concentration. In the second section, ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency was 38 ~ 50% according to the micro-algae concentration and in the last section ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency was 61 ~ 80% according to HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time). As a result, as the MLSS decreased and algae biomass increased, the ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency tended to increase, but the effect of Algae biomass was greater than that of MLSS.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1988

Five soybean varieties of two early maturing ; Karikei 73 and ss 79168, and three late maturing ; Tohoku 76, Baegunkong and Jangbaegkong were used and evaluated in the study. Of the varieties examined, Karikei 73 was characterized by the delayed leaf senescence. To investigate the periodical trends of nitrogen in plant organs and their roles to the nitrogen fixing activity of root nodules, the concentrations of nitrogen in plant organs during the grain filling period were measured. High positive correlation was recognized between the amount of nitrogen in plant parts and p-ARA, suggesting the higher the activity of nitrogen fixation the greater the amount of nitrogen in plant. But the relationship between the concentration of nitrogen in plant and s-ARA was positive at R4. but negative at R6. This was inferred that the high concentration of nitrogen at R4 gave accelerating effects on s-ARA by increasing the activity of photosynthesis in leaf-blades, while the reduced activity of photosynthesis in leaf-blades at R6 resulted in continued degradation of nitrogenous compounds in plant, and then high concentration of nitrogen in plants brought reduced supply of sugars to nodules.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.71-81
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• 2019

This research was conducted to improve availability of agricultural by-products, national natural resources that could be used as fertilizer source, by estimating the amount of production and collecting main contents of fertilizer substances from previous studies and data, in order to be used as basic data to investigate national resources that could be used as alternatives for imported oil-cakes in the future. Conversion factor was used to estimate annual production of agricultural by-products for main 34 crop types in 2018. For total agricultural by-products, rice straws accounted at 50.3% for the highest proportion, followed by 8.7% of rice husks, showing that by-products from rice harvest accounted at 59.0% for all by-products. Further, there were listed the contents of fertilizer substances (nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash) in 40 types of by-products from agricultural areas. The average contents of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash in agricultural by-products were 1.43%, 0.59%, and 1.90%, respectively. As a result of estimating the annual nitrogen supply amount from 26 agricultural by-products in 2018, it was found that it could supply 44,911 tons of nitrogen. The investigated by-products contained fertilizer substances such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash, but the contents were lower compared to castor oil-cake used as main component of organic fertilizer. Therefore, resource management plan needs to be established for efficient use of by-products because time, location, and nutrient content of agricultural by-product production were extremely different. Research on fertilizer and manure using agricultural by-products need to be conducted to develop and distribute alternatives for imported oil-cakes.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.485-490
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the plant growth of various foliage plants affected by the amount of nitrogen application. There was not an accurate criterion for fertilization to each foliage plant. Moreover, the foliage plants grow slowly during the early stage and this period must be shortened for commercial production. Ficus benjamina, Hedera helix, Philodendron tatei, Rhapis excelsa, and Spathiphyllum spp. were used in this experiment. Nutrient nitrogen concentrations were 120, 150, 180, and $210mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ (N1, N2, N3, N4) and they were based on the Sonneveld solution. Plant height and width, leaf number, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of shoots were measured for 8 weeks to compare the responses to the different treatments. The nitrogen contents of various plant parts were also analyzed. The growth of Ficus and Hedera was improved at the N1 treatment and that of Philodendron, Rhapis and Spathiphyllum at N4 treatment. The required amounts for nitrogen nutrients were different among the various foliage plants. The nitrogen treatments had no effects on SPAD values and there were no correlations between nitrogen treatments and nitrogen contents of plant parts. Therefore, the various foliage plants should supply with each proper nitrogen treatments to grow faster with better quality. In this case, the plant growth played a more important role than nitrogen levels of plant parts in deciding the proper nitrogen levels for each foliage plant.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.168-180
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• 2016

Various researches on the effects of fertilization levels on functional metabolites in crop have been conducted. This review summarizes the previous studies on the relation between fertilization supply and accumulation of metabolites (phenolics, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and glucosinolates) which function as antioxidants in crop. The accumulation of phenolic compounds is related to the activation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) in phenylpropanoid pathway. Most of the previous studies discuss that low nitrogen (N) supply activates PAL, thereby increasing the synthesis of phenolics. Similarly, high N supply leads to a decrease in ascorbic acid because of the shading effect derived from the accelerated vegetative growth under high N level. Unlike the phenolics and ascorbic acid, carotenoids are accumulated with increasing N supply. In this regard, the previous studies explain that N is a main element closely associated with formation of key enzyme for the synthesis of carotenoids. Glucosinolates are generally increased under decreasing N supply and increasing S supply. Although the previous studies show similar trends about the accumulation of metabolites by nutrient level, they also suggest that many other factors including crop types, cultivars, cultural environment (water, temperature, light, etc.) influence the accumulation of functional metabolites in crop.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.463-474
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• 2011

The objectives of this study were to establish of resource cycling agricultural system focused on farmer's organization. Case is selected as the farming corporation for the regional agriculture considering the amount of sowing by-products and livestock by-products generated. As a result, generation of fertilizer ingredient depend on feces and urine of Korean native cattle is estimated nitrogen 7.7 ton, phosphoric acid 2.9 ton, and potassium 4.9 ton. On the other hand, generation of fertilizer ingredient demand in cultivated acreage is estimated nitrogen 42.4 ton, phosphoric acid 14.3 ton, and potassium 17.0 ton. Therefore, optimum livestock numbers is estimated 1,867 cattle and it means 1,468 cattle can be raise additionally. In order to complete the resource cycling agricultural system, it should be establish nutrient management system at all of organization level and achieve improvements in regional resource supply. Both economic value of organic fertilizer and the resource cycling system linked market system is considered to develop resource cycling level.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.464-466
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• 2000

AIN thin films have been prepared by reactive sputtering method, using facing targets sputtering system with a DC power supply which can deposit a high quality thin film and control deposition condition in all range of nitrogen. The crystallographic characteristics of AIN thin films on N$_2$/Ar ratio was investigated by alpha-step and X-ray diffraction. As a result, the AIN film deposited at the pressure ratio of the nitrogen of 30% revealed strong X-ray diffraction intensity under substrate temperature 25$^{\circ}C$ and applied current 0.4A.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 1990

We have constructed the laser system which was consisted of a high voltage pulse poner supply, a rapid high voltage spark gap and the Blumlein transmission line circuit of the multiple parallel plate capacitor type, and have studied the self-preionization effect from this laser system without additional modifications. The value of inductive or resistive loading of the laser oscillator seems to have a significant effect on the preionization. The optimal operational condition of this laser system was obtained at the inductive loading of L = I mtl across the laser tube with the spark gap distance of 6.0 mm. nitrogen pressure of 50 torr, when repetition rate was 70 Hz. Stability was found to be better than 2.0Yo and EIP was 867 V/cm.torr.