• Advances in nano research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2020

In this work, we report the use of caffeine as an alternative source of nitrogen to successfully dope graphene (quaternary 400.6 eV and pyridinic at 398 eV according XPS), as well as the growth of silver nanowires (in-situ) in the surface of nitrogen doped graphene (NG) sheets. We used the improved graphene oxide method (IGO), chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GOx), and impregnation with caffeine as source of nitrogen for doping and subsequently, silver nanowires (NW) grow in the surface by the reduction of silver salts in the presence of NG, achieving a numerous of growth of NW in the graphene sheets. As supporting experimental evidence, the samples were analyzed using conventional characterization techniques: SEM-EDX, XRD, FT-IR, micro RAMAN, TEM, and XPS.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.56-60
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• 1985

본 실험은 질소 및 탄소원이 Cercospora kikuchii 균사생장에 미치는 영향과 여러 배양조건에서 생장한 C. kikuchii가 세균생장을 저지하는 정도를 알아보았다. C. kikuchii 균사생장에 적합한 질소원은 yeastextract였고, 탄소원으로는 sucrose, glucose, maltose, fructose를 첨가하였을 때 균사생장이 좋았다. C. kikuchii의 세균생장저지 실험에서 wild type은 pH 조건은 5.0에서, 질소원으로는 yeast-extract 또는 peptone.을 첨가하였을 때, 탄소원으로는 sucrose, maltose, glucose, fructose를 첨가한 배지에서 생장하였을 때 Erwinia carotovora와 Pseudomonas solanacearum의 생장을 크게 저지시켰다. 그러나 albino 돌연변이균주는 실허된 세균의 생장을 거의 저지시키지 못하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.349-354
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• 2000

Culture conditions and nitrogen sources were optimized for production of erythritol, a natural sweetener, by Candida magnoliae M26. The optimal culture conditions were found to be culture temperature of $28^{\circ}C$, initial pH of 7, aeration of 1 vvm and agitation speed of 500 rpm in a 2.5 1 jar-fermentor. Glucose was chosen as the best carbon cource bsed on cell growth and erythritol productivity. Kight steep water(LSW) and corn steep liquor (CSL) which are by-products in starch processing from corn were tested as a nitrogen source substitute for yeast extract. The use of either LSW or CSL did not change the fermentation performance. The experimental results using LSW and CSL showed 1.5 times higher in cell growth and almost the same value in erythritol productivity com-pared with the control fermentation using yeast extract as a nitrogen source. These results suggested that either LSW of CSL could be used as a nitrogen source in a large-scale fermentation for erythritol production.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.460-465
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 고농도 암모니아성질소로 오염된 고체배지로부터 분리해 낸 Leclercia adecarboxylata를 이용하여 암모니아성질소의 제거특성 및 기작을 파악하여 폐수처리의 적용가능성에 대해 살펴보았다. 질소제거에 있어서 가장 널리 알려진 생물학적 질산화와 후탈질에 의한 질소의 대기로의 방출이 아닌 질소합성균주를 이용한 질소의 체내합성을 이용한 영양물질의 제거 가능성에 대해 접근해 보았다. L. adecarboxylata는 무염분조건에서 암모니아성질소의 제거와 균체중식이 가장 왕성했으나, 염분이 4%를 넘어서게 되면 그 효율은 급격히 저하되었다. 약 80 mg/L의 암모니아성질소는 20시간 이내에 거의 대부분 제거되었으나, 500 mg/L인 시료는 탄소원의 부족으로 인해 50시간 이상 처리후에도 50%의 제거율에도 미치지 못해 탄소원이 많을수록 질소제거율은 높음을 알 수 있었다. 탄소원이 모두 소모되고 난 이후에는 더 이상 질소제거는 이루어지지 않았으나, 탄소원을 추가로 공급했을 때 제거효율은 다시 증가했다. 시료의 pH는 미생물의 증식에 의해 8에서 6.36까지 감소했다. 암모니아성질소가 제거되는 동안 아질산성질소와 질산성질소의 축적은 일어나지 않았고, TKN값은 큰 차이를 보이지 않은 것으로 미루어 볼 때 유기질소로의 합성을 추측할 수 있었다. 유기질소 중 단백질의 농도를 측정해 본 결과 초기시료에서는 불검출 되었으나, 48시간 경과후의 시료에는 193.1 mg/L의 단백질이 검출 되었다. 따라서 L. adecarboxylata는 암모니아성질소를 유기질소로 합성하는 능력이 탁월하여 폐수중의 암모니아성질소의 제거에 이용가치가 클 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2021

On the assessment results of the non-point source pollutant removability of bio-block using waste sewage sludge, at the reactor's initial operation stage, the removal efficiency of COD was slightly unstable. However, after the reactor was stabilized, the COD removal efficiency was higher in the reactor filled with bio-blocks compared to the reactor filled with broken stones. In terms of nitrogen and phosphorus, their removal efficiency was unstable at the initial stage of the reactor operation. This phenomenon was investigated through the bio-block elution experiments. Results indicated that nitrogen and phosphorus were eluted from the bio-blocks affecting their removal at the initial operation. Furthermore, based on elution tests conducted after the dry ashing of the waste sewage sludge, part of the nitrogen and phosphorus was eluted similar to the bio-block elution test results, although considerable amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus were reduced compared to the sludge cake. Prior to the use of the waste sewage sludge bio-blocks as a filter medium to remove non-point source pollutants, a stabilization period of 10 days was required. After the stabilization process, results showed similar characteristics as general aggregates. Moreover, to use the bio-block as a filter medium for the non-point pollutant removal, the filling ratio of 75% was the most suitable as it resulted in the highest nitrogen removal efficiency after the stabilization. The results of this study suggested that waste sewage sludge can be suitably recycled as a mixed raw material for the bio-blocks, with satisfactory application as a filter medium in artificial wetlands, stormwater runoff problems, stream water pollutants to eliminate non-point source pollutants.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.553-558
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• 2010

Increasing demands on fossil fuel have led to the unprecedented attraction to microalgal biofuel as an alternative energy. In this study, we investigated growth and lipid productions of microalga Nannochloris oculata under various carbon dioxide or nitrogen source concentrations and irradiance conditions. Biomass production of N. oculata was highest under 2% $CO_2$ with 0.3 flow rate (vvm). In addition, biomass productivities were proportional to the concentration of nitrogen source, whereas lipid biosynthesis was suppressed under higher nitrogen concentration (up to 50 mg/L). High irradiation ($160{\sim}180\;{\mu}mol/m^2{\cdot}s$) enhanced growth rate and lipid production of N. oculata.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.833-840
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• 2012

This study aimed to investigate growth rate and nutrient removal efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris according to nitrogen sources and frequency of pH adjustment. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies were evaluated in the three different conditions using $NO_3{^-}$, $NH_4{^+}$ as a sole nitrogen source and mixed condition. Initial nutrient concentrations in artificial wastewater were 30 mg-N/L and 3 mg-P/L similar to secondary wastewater effluent. When nitrogen source was $NO_3{^-}$, there was no inhibition on the growth of C. vulgaris with adjusting pH every 24 hr while growth inhibition occurred with $NH_4{^+}$ caused by pH drop. N, P removal efficiencies were no significant depending on the nitrogen sources. As pH was adjusted to 7 by pH-stat, growth rate and nutrient removal efficiencies were increased compared to adjusting pH every 24 hr, however, growth rate and nutrient removal efficiencies were no significant depending on the nitrogen sources.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(2)
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• pp.501-504
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• 2004

High quality GaN layer was obtained on 0001 sapphire substrate using ammonia($NH_3$) as a nitrogen source by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. As a result, RHEED is used to investigate the relaxation processes which take place during the growth of GaN. In-situ RHEED(reflection high electron energy diffraction) appeared streaky-like pattern. The full Width at half maximum of the x-ray diffraction(FWHM) rocking curve measured from plane of GaN has exhibited as narrow as 8arcmin and surface roughness was 7.83nm. Photoluminescence measurement of GaN was investigated at room temperature, where the intensity of the band edge emission is much stronger than that of deep level emission. The GaN epitaxy layer according to various growth condition was investigated.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제32권E호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1990

Abstract Over the last several decades, crop production in the United States increased largely due to the extensive use of animal waste and fertilizers as plant nutrient supplements, and pesticides for crops pests and weed control. Without the application of animal waste best management, the use of animal waste can result in nonpoint source pollution from agricultural land area. In order to increase nutrient levels and decrease contamination from agricultural lands, nonpoint source pollution is responsible for water quality degradation. Nonpoint source pollutants such as animal waste, ferilizers, and pesticides are transported primarily through runoff from agricultural areas. Nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, can be a major water quality problem because they cause eutrophic algae growth. In 1985, it was presented that Watershed/Water Quality Monitoring for Evaluation BMP Effectiveness was implemented for Nomini Creek Watershed, located in Westmoreland County, Virginia. The watershed is predominantly agricultural and has an aerial extent of 1505 ha of land, with 43% under cropland, 54% under woodland, and 3% as homestead and roads. Rainfall data was collected at the watershed from raingages located at sites PNI through PN 7. Streams at stations QN I and QN2 were being measured with V-notch weirs. Water levels at the stream was measured using an FW-l Belfort (Friez FWl). The water quality monitoring system was designed to provide comprehensive assessment of the quality of storm runoff and baseflow as influenced by changes in landuse, agronomic, and cultural practices ill the watershed. As this study was concerned with the Nomini Creek Watershed, the separation of storm runoff and baseflow measured at QNI and QN2 was given by the master depletion curve method, and the loadings of baseflow and storm runoff for TN (Total Nitrogen) and TP (Total Phosphorus) were analyzed from 1987 through 1989. The results were studied for the best management practices to reduce contamination and loss of nutrients, (e.g., total nitrogen and total phosphorus) by nonpoint source pollution from agricultural lands.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.87-99
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• 1996

Cultural conditions for mass production of the antagonistic bacteria, Bacillus subtills CAP134 against pathogens causing major airborne diseases to apple tree, effect of temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen source in the culture broth were investigated. The bacterial growth was most vigorous when the temperature and pH of the culture broth was 30~$35^{\circ}$C, and 7, respectively. As for carbon source, dextrose was best followed in order by dextrose(monosaccharides)>sucrose(disaccharides)$\geq$saccharose(di-saccharides)>starch (polysaccharides). Among different sugars, bacterial growth was favored by in the order of brown, black and white sugars, indicating that the bacterial growth might be promoted by the minor elements presented as impurities in the less purified sugars. As for nitrogen source, organic forms were better to bacterial growth than inorganic forms, that is polypeptone was best followed in order by soy sauce, soybeen milk and inoganic nitrogens. Differences in bacterial growth among different forms of inorganic nitrogen were negligible.