• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제25권7호
• /
• pp.1029-1037
• /
• 2012

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of ${\alpha}$-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH), nitric oxide (NO) and L-cysteine on melanin production and expression of related genes MC1R, Tyr, Tyrp-1 and Tyrp-2 in muzzle melanocytes of differently colored three native Hanwoo cattle. Muzzle samples were taken from black, brindle and brown Hanwoo and purified melanocytes were cultured with ${\alpha}$-MSH, nitric oxide and L-cysteine at 100 nM, $50{\mu}M$ and 0.07 mg/ml of media respectively. The amounts of total melanin, eumelanin and mRNA expression at Tyr, Tyrp-1, Tyrp-2 and MC1R levels were quantified. ${\alpha}$-MSH and nitric oxide significantly increased (p<0.05) the amount of total melanin in black and brindle whereas eumelanin production in brown Hanwoo muzzle melanocytes. On the contrary, L-cysteine greatly (p<0.05) depressed the eumelanin production in black color but increased in brown. Simultaneously, up regulation of Tyr by nitric oxide and ${\alpha}$-MSH and down regulation of Tyr, Tyrp-2 and MC1R genes by L-cysteine were observed in muzzle melanocytes of all three phenotypes. The results of this study revealed nitric oxide and ${\alpha}$-MSH contribute hyper-pigmentation by enhancing eumelanogenesis whereas L-cysteine contributes to pheomelanin production in different colored Hanwoo muzzle melanocytes.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2006

Objectives : Sam-Myo-Whan(SMW) has been known traditional prescription with anti- anthritis activities. We investigated inhibitory effects of SMW on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide(NO), $TNF-{\alpha}$ and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) production from RAW264.7 cells and BV-2 Microglia cells. Methods : SMW, which had been extracted with 70% MeOH, concentrated and freeze-dried was used for this experiment. After BV2 mouse brain macrophages and RAW264.7 mouse peritoneal macrophages were pretreated with increasing concentrations of SMW extract for 30min, and then activated with LPS. To investigate cytotoxicity of SMW extract, cell viability was measured by MTT assay. NO production was measured in each culture supernatant by Griess reaction. mRNA expression of iNOS in two type cells was investigated by RT-PCR. $TNF-{\alpha}$ production was measured in each culture supernatant by ELISA. Results : SMW extract significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in BV2 cells and RAW264.7 cells dose-dependently. SMW extract also greatly suppressed mRNA expression of iNOS in both type cells activated with LPS. Conclusion : These data suggests that SMW extract may have an anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of iNOS expression.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.420-427
• /
• 2012

Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were orally administered with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), which inhibits or blocks the production of nitric oxide from L-arginine in vascular endothelial cells and vessel tissue. We examined the effects of nitric oxide on some physiological changes such as blood pressure and heart rate, and confirms the apoptosis induced by the suppressed nitric oxide activity in the kidney. This study was performed to investigate correlation between the activities of nitric oxide and apoptosis by immunohistochemical changes of apoptotic control proteins with regulated chronic inhibition of nitric oxide. In the kidney from L-NAME-treated group, immunohistochemical reaction to the antigens of apoptosis inhibiting proteins such as bcl-2 and bcl-xL, exhibited a time-dependent reduction. The expression of apoptosis-inhibiting proteins such as bax and p53 increased expression in proportion to the duration of treatment. The most sensitive apoptosis regulating proteins to L-NAME were p53 in stimulation and bcl-2 in inhibition, respectively.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.540-543
• /
• 1998

The nitric oxide (NO) produced in large amounts by inducible nitric oxide synthase is known to be responsible for the vasodilation and hypotension observed in septic shock. We have found that 8-epi-xanthatin from Xanthium strumarium L. inhibited the production of NO in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells ($IC_{50}$ value was 1.5 ${\mu}$M). This activity was resulted from the suppressing of inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme expression.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국응용약물학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.41-44
• /
• 1995

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제38권12호
• /
• pp.1685-1690
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 구절초의 항염증 효과를 탐색하기 위해 NO의 함량과 iNOS의 발현 및 PGE2와 COX-2의 발현을 LPS로 염증을 유도한 RAW 264.7 macrophage cell을 이용하여 실험하였다. 연구 결과 구절초 꽃 추출물은 NO 함량을 농도 의존적으로 감소시키는 경향을 나타냈으며 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 세포독성은 꽃 추출물(5～50 μg/mL)은 최고 농도인 50 μg/mL에서 약 20%의 독성을 나타냈으며 그 이하의 농도에서는 독성을 나타내지 않았다. NO 생성의 억제는 iNOS의 단백질과 mRNA의 발현을 농도 의존적으로 저해하였으며 유의성 있는 차이를 나타내었다. 이 결과로 구절초 꽃 추출물이 전사단계에서 저해 활성을 나타낸다는 것을 보여주었다. 그러나 PGE2와 COX-2의 발현 억제 효과는 나타나지 않았으며, 이 결과 구절초 꽃 추출물에 의한 COX-2 단백질의 발현 억제와 PGE2 생성 억제는 유의성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과, 구절초 추출물은 염증을 일으키는 중요 인자인 NO를 저해하였고, iNOS의 발현, iNOS의 mRNA 발현 등 항염증에 우수한 효과를 보였으며, 항염증 연구의 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 예상된다. 또한 추후 산업적 응용도 가능하므로 지속적인 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 1997

To study the regulation of porcine follicular cell apostosis by gonadotropin, steroid, and nitric oxide, we analyzed DNA fragmentation, the hallmark of apoptosis, and nitrite production of porcine granulosa cells. Dissected indiidual follicles from ovary were separated in size (small, 2-3 mm; medium, 5-6 mm; large, 7-8 mm) and isolated granulosa cells were classified morpholocally as atretic or nonatretic. Nitrite concentration was measured by mixing follicular fluids with an equal volume of Griess reagent. Follicular nitric oxide (NO) concentration of healthy follicles was higher than that of atretic follicles. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation was suppressed in non-apoptotic granulosa cells. Follicular apoptosis was induced by androgen but prevented by gonadotropin in vitro. Apoptosis was confined to the granulosa cells. But it was not clear whether apoptosis of granulosa cells were isolated, incubated with or without gonadotropin, androgen and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), respectively at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs. Cultured granulosa cells were used to extract genomic DNA and culture media was asssayed for nitrite concentration. Nitrite production of culture media was increased, while apoptotic DNA fragmentation was suppressed in PMSG, hCG, testosterone+SNP and SNP treated groups. Nitrite concentration in culture media was decreased, but apoptotic DNA fragmentation was induced in testosterone treated group. These data suggest that NO production and apoptosis may be involved of granulosa cell apoptosis induced by testosterone.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.368-372
• /
• 2011

In this study, we investigated on antioxidative activity and nitric oxide production inhibitory activity of various solvent extracts of Lespedeza bicolor. The total polyphenol content of the methanol extract was 192.6 mg/g and flavonoid content of the acetone extract was 40.6 mg/g, as the highest content. In DPPH radical scavenging ability, $SC_{50}$ values of the ethanol and methanol extract were exhibited $0.69mg/m{\ell}$ and $0.89mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. However, in nitric oxide(NO) scavenging ability, $SC_{50}$ values of the acetone was exhibited $0.72mg/m{\ell}$ as the highest activity. Moreover, the acetone extract showed strong NO production inhibitory effect in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cell. In the cytotoxicity measurement by MTT assay, the extracts were exhibited Raw 264.7 cell viabilities of 92.57~129.04% as nontoxic result in concentration of $65{\sim}650{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. As a result, the acetone extract of L. bicolor could be applicable to functional materials for anti-inflammatory related fields.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.183-187
• /
• 2001

Nitric oxide (NO) produced in large amounts by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is known to be responsible for the vasodilation and hypotension observed in septic shock and inflammation. The inhibitors of iNOS, thus, may be useful candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases accompanied by the overproduction of NO. We prepared alcoholic extracts of Chinese medicinal plants and screened their inhibitory activity against NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. Among the 80 kinds of extracts of herbal drugs, 15 extracts showed potent inhibitory activity of NO production above 80% at the concentration o$50\mu\textrm{g}/ml$. These potent extracts showed dose dependent inhibition of NO production of LPS-activated macrophages at the concentration of 50, 30,$10\mu\textrm{g}/ml$. Especially, Rhus chinensis, Senecio scandens and Wikstroemia indica showed most potent inhibition above 50% at the concentration of $10\mu\textrm{g}/ml$. These plants are promising candidates for the study of the activity-guided purification of active compounds and would be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and endotoxemia accompanying the overproduction of NO.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.173-178
• /
• 2012

In this study, we investigated antibacterial activity and nitric oxide production inhibitory effect of the methanol extract and its fractions from Paeoniae Radix. In antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion assay against S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa, the ethyl acetate fraction showed stronger antibacterial activity than other fractions and the extract. Moreover, the ethyl acetate fraction showed strong nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. However, in NO scavenging ability, the chloroform fraction was higher than the other fractions and the extract. In the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay against RAW 264.7 cell, the extract and fractions were exhibited normal LDH release level as nontoxic result without the ehtyl acetate fraction of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction and chloroform fraction of the methanol extract from Paeoniae Radix could be applicable to functional materials for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory related fields, respectively.