• Resources Recycling
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.38-45
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• 2003

ionic equilbria of nickel chloride in hydrochloric acid solutions were analyzed by considering chemical equilibria, mass and charge balance equations. The activity coefficients of solutes were calculated by using Bromley equation. It was found that most of species containing nickel existed as $Ni^{2+}$ 와 $NiCl^{+}$. The mole fractions of nickel hydroxides were very low in the con-centration ranges considered in this study and the mole fraction of$Ni_4$ $(OH)_{4}^{4+}$ increased greatly with the pH of the solution. The pH values of $NiCl_2$ $-HCl-NaOH-H_2$O system at $25^{\circ}C$ calculated in this study agreed well with those experimentally measured up to ionic strength of 9.4m.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

Generally $NiSO_4$ and $NiCl_2$ were used as raw materials for producing nickel carbonate. In the case of the produced nickel carbonate, $Na_2SO_4$ and NaCl are generated on the surface and inside of the nickel carbonate to decrease the purity of the nickel carbonate. High purity nickel carbonate can be produced according to the degree of removal of such impurities. In this study, $NiCl_2$ produced by nickel MHP solvent extraction process was used to study the production of nickel carbonate. High purity nickel carbonate was prepared by the conditions according to the nickel salt and carbonate equivalence ratio, the reduction of Na and Cl in nickel carbonate according to the washing of nickel carbonate, and the reduction of Na and Cl according to the washing water temperature.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.2203-2207
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• 2009

Chemical equilbria of nickel chloride in HCl solution at $25\;{^{\circ}C}$ were analyzed by considering chemical equilibria, mass and charge balance equations. The activity coefficients of solutes were calculated by using Bromley equation. The necessary thermodynamic properties, such as the equilibrium constant for the formation of Ni$Cl^+$ at zero ionic strength and interaction parameter, were evaluated by applying Bromley equation to the stability constant data reported in the literature. It was found that most nickel exists as $Ni^{2+}$ in HCl solution up to 5 molality HCl. The pH values of Ni$Cl_2-HCl-H_2O$ system at $25\;{^{\circ}C}$ calculated in this study agreed well with the pH values measured by employing pH meter.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2016

This study was conducted to find out concentration of trace metal, survival rate, falling rate and structural changes of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai exposed to nickel chloride. Experimental groups were composed of one control condition and four nickel chloride exposure conditions (7.0, 12.0, 17.0 and $22.0\;NiCl_2\;mg/L$). The concentration of nickel in abalone was significantly increased all exposure groups. Though the exposure groups had lower survival rate than the control group, falling rate higher than the control group. Histopathological changes in the foot, gill and hepatopancreas of abalone was revealed prominently with exposure group than control group.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nickel chloride ($NiCl_2$) exposure on oxidative stress of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Experimental groups were composed of one control condition and five nickel chloride exposure conditions (5.9, 8.8, 13.3, 20.0, 30.0 mg/L). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased in the foot and hepatopancreas, but decreased in the gill. Catalase (CAT) activity was increased in all exposure groups except 20.0 mg/L and 30.0 mg/L. In the gill, CAT activity was similar to the control group for all exposure groups. In the hepatopancreas, CAT activity was increased compared with the control group. However SOD and CAT activity showed not significant differences (P > 0.05).

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2015

This study was conducted to find out accumulated concentration of nickel, survival rate and falling rate, structural changes of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai exposed to nickel chloride. Experimental groups were composed of one control condition and five nickel chloride exposure conditions (5.9, 8.8, 13.3, 20.0, 30.0 mg/L). The accumulation of nickel in abalone was significantly increased all exposure group. Though the exposure groups had lower survival rate than the control group, higher falling rate than the control group. Histopathological changes in the foot, gill and hepatopancreas of abalone revealed obvious with exposure group than control group.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.398-405
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• 2021

To fabricate a full-scale pilot model of the cost-effective Na-(Ni,Fe)Cl₂ cell, a Na-beta-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) was developed by applying a one-step synthesis cum sintering process as an alternative to the conventional solid-state reaction process. Also, Fe metal powder, which is cheaper than Ni, was mixed with Ni metal powder, and was used for cathode material to reduce the cost of raw material. As a result, we then developed a prototype Na-(Ni,Fe)Cl₂ cell. Consequently, the Ni content in the Na-(Ni,Fe)Cl₂ cell is decreased to approximately (20 to 50) wt.%. The #1 prototype cell (dimensions: 34 mm × 34 mm × 235 mm) showed a cell capacity of 15.9 Ah, and 160.3 mAh g^-1 (per the Ni-Fe composite), while the #2 prototype cell (dimensions: 50 mm × 50 mm × 335 mm) showed a cell capacity of 49.4 Ah, and 153.2 mAh g^-1 at the 2^nd cycle.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.12-17
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• 2002

Solvent extraction experiments have been performed to separate copper from $CuCl_2$-$NiCl_2$-$CoCl_2$$ solutions using Alamine336 and LIX84. The complex formation tendency between metal ions and chloride ion had a great effect on the distribution coefficients of Cu, Co and Ni ions and separation factor of Cu to Co and Ni. In the experimental ranges of chloride ion concentration from 0.5 to 4.0 M, LIX84 was superior to Alamine336 in separating copper from cobalt. When the volume percentage of LIX84 and Alamine336 was varied from 5 to 40%, LIX84 was more effective than Alamine336 in separating Cu from Co and Ni in solutions in which the chloride ion concentration was 1.0 M.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.40-47
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• 1998

This study describes a synthesis of spinel-type $Fe_3O_4$ for decomposition of carbon dioxide, using $Fe_3O_4$ $7H_2O$ and NaOH, at $40^{\circ}C$ for 20 h. with change of their chemical equivalent ratio from 0.50 to 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50, respectively. Addition of 0.1-1.00 mole percentage $NiCl_2,\;RhCl_3$ to the particles of $Fe_3O_4$, Prepared by reacting chemical equivalent ratio 1.00, afforced spinel $Fe_3O_4$. The structure of $Fe_3O_4$ and $NiCl_2,\;RhCl_3$-added $Fe_3O_4$ was investigated with XRD and SEM, respectively.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2000

Objectives : It is the objective of this study to compare hepatotoxicity of nickel chloride and cadmium chloride with each other through IPRL(Isolated Perfused Rat Liver) method. Methods : Biochemical indicator of hepatic function such as AST(aspartate aminotransferase), ALT(alanine aminotransferase), LDH(lactate dehydrogenase) and perfusion flow rate were used as the indicator of hepatotoxicity. Oxygen consumption rate were used as vability indicator. $300({\pm}50)g$ - weighted rats were allocated randomly to each group($0{\mu}M,\;50{\mu}M,\;200{\mu}M\;NiCl_2\;and\;CdCl_2$ exposure) by 5, totally 25. After Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate butler solution flowed into the penal vein and passed the liver cell, it flowed out of vena cava. Liver was administered with each $NiCl_2\;and\;CdCl_2$ of each concentration and observed with buffer solution sampling time. Butler which got out of liver was sampled and then biochemical indicator of hepatotoxicity was measured. Results : AST, ALT, and LDH in buffer increased with sampling time much more in $CdCl_2$ exposure group than $NiCl_2$ exposure group in both 50 and $200{\mu}M$ and statistical significance w3s verified with 2-way repeated ANOVA. Viability was decreased more and more in all substances during passed time. Conclusions : It is inferred that $CdCl_2$ has stronger hepatotoxicity than $NiCl_2$. IPRL method would be used widely for acute hepatotoxicity when considerating the benefit of it.