• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.39-46
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• 2016

While the difficulty of the music can be classified by a variety of standard, conventional methods are classified by the subjective judgment based on the experience of many musicians or conductors. Music score is difficult to evaluate as there is no quantitative criterion to determine the degree of difficulty. In this paper, we propose a new classification method for determining the degree of difficulty of the music. In order to determine the degree of difficulty, we convert the score, which is expressed as a traditional music score, into electronic music sheet. Moreover, we calculate information about the elements needed to play sheet music by distance of notes, tempo, and quantifying the ease of interpretation. Calculating a degree of difficulty of the entire music via the numerical data, we suggest the difficulty evaluation of the score, and show the difficulty of music through experiments.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.801-806
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• 2015

Recently, retro music is popular in the domestic music industry. Even in the movie industry, remake or retro movies are made continuously. In this paper, we consider the reason of remake in the viewpoint of mathematics and show that there is a maximum number of lyrics, pictures, music, and movies that human can make due to the characteristics of digital contents. The time that human cannot make new lyrics, new pictures, new music, and new movies any more will be estimated. Therefore, artists will have difficulties to make new contents in the future, and human have to listen and see the previous lyrics, movies, music, or pictures in the future. This study will give a deep philosophical insight for contents industry.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.995-1001
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• 2023

This study investigated the effects of three music genres (classical, new age, and rock) on the stress levels of six Jeju crossbred horses (Jeju horse × Thoroughbred) in a horse stable. The horses were exposed to the three genres for seven days, and their stress levels were measured by analyzing physiological markers, including neurotransmitter (cortisol, β-endorphin, dopamine, serotonin, and oxytocin) plasma levels and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and aldolase serum levels. The neurotransmitter analysis showed significant differences in cortisol levels between classical and new age music exposure. Dopamine levels decreased significantly only with new age exposure. Although there were no significant differences in β-endorphin levels between the three genres, β-endorphin levels decreased with increasing classical and new age music playback times and increased with increasing rock music playback times. There were no significant differences in serotonin levels between the three genres. Oxytocin levels decreased significantly with exposure to classical and rock music. The CPK and aldolase analyses showed that CPK levels decreased significantly only with exposure to new age music and increased after playback ended, while aldolase levels decreased significantly with classical and new age music exposure and increased after playback ended. These findings suggest that classical music and new age are the optimal music genres for the psychological stability of Jeju crossbred horses. Playing back an appropriate music genre could be used to improve breeding and promote the welfare of Jeju crossbred horses.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.217-223
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a new model for the conditional generation of music, considering key and rhythm, fundamental elements of music. MIDI sheet music is converted into a WAV format, which is then transformed into a Mel Spectrogram using the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT). Using this information, key and rhythm details are classified by passing through two Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), and this information is again fed into the Music Transformer. The key and rhythm details are combined by differentially multiplying the weights and the embedding vectors of the MIDI events. Several experiments are conducted, including a process for determining the optimal weights. This research represents a new effort to integrate essential elements into music generation and explains the detailed structure and operating principles of the model, verifying its effects and potentials through experiments. In this study, the accuracy for rhythm classification reached 94.7%, the accuracy for key classification reached 92.1%, and the Negative Likelihood based on the weights of the embedding vector resulted in 3.01.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

The new environment of music service has brought changes in digital music industry. Today, various forms of music contents are presented in ubiquitous environments. Thus, securing various contents becomes very important in monopolistic competition of music market. Under the circumstance, web 2.0 provides a networking environment to form diverse relations. Social Network Service (SNS) is a service to emphasize people relation and is different from information-centered Internet service. And mobile SNS becomes popular as Smartphone rapidly increases. NeowizBugs merged with NeowizInternet managing Sayclub of a music-specified SNS site. And the firm confirms comprehensive contents by making ties with SM entertainment. Thus, the integration corporation secures and manages a new business model by linking digital contents with SNS. Generally, music-specified SNS has advertisement business model and uses a recommend system utilizing the database of users. By introducing the case of NeowizBugs, this study tries to identify the success strategy of music distributors fitting ubiquitous environment including web 2.0, mobile SNS, Smartphone, etc.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2006

Currently the mobile web service is growing with a tremendous speed and mobile contents are spreading extensively. However, it is hard to search what the user wants because of some limitations of cellular phones. And the music is the most popular content, but many users experience frustrations to search their desired music. To solve these problems, this research proposes a hybrid recommendation system, MOBICORS-music (MOBIle COntents Recommender System for Music). Basically it follows the procedure of Collaborative Filtering (CF) system, but it uses Contents-Based (CB) data representation for neighborhood formation and recommendation of new music. Based on this data representation, MOBICORS-music solves the new item ramp-up problem and results better performance than existing CF systems. The procedure of MOBICORS-music is explained step by step with an illustrative example.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.192-195
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• 2008

People have tendency of forgetting music title, though they easily remember particular part of music. If a music search system can find the title through a part of melody, this will provide very convenient interface to users. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that enables this type of search using feature transformation function. The original music is transformed to new feature information with sequential melodies. When a melody that is a part of search music is given to the system, the music retrieval system searches the music similar to the feature information of the melody. Moreover, this transformation function can be easily extended to various music recognition systems.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.412-425
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• 2017

The success of K-Pop music industry continues as there is a new light shedding on the new Korean wave. There is a continuous discussion about the sustainability of the idol's dance music because of its limit in the uniform genre. As a solution to improve the quality of K-pop music, researchers said to supplement it through the change of educational system in the applied music. However, research into how much the education of applied music is contributing to the continuous success of the K-Pop music industry and how each industry is affecting each other was inadequate. Therefore, this study will understand the association between the K-Pop and the applied music, and look into ways that can act as a mutual supplementation for both fields. Subjects of analysis included performing artists, composers, arrangers, lyricists, and singers for songs within the top 100 of the digital total ranking for the past three years in the Gaon chart which is the official music chart for Korea. Then, the study apprehended how many of those subject had relations with the applied music and their activity frequency. As a result, there were a considerable number of K-Pop performers, at 41.74%, who also majored in the applied music. To continue to tendency of Korean wave and develop the Korean popular music, this study will explore roles each industry should cooperate in the future. There were the formation of social atmosphere for increase of consumer's needs to diverse K-pop music and change of education for training its human resources that K-pop industry demand.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.425-454
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• 2007

This study is to present a draft for the formulation of uniform title for sound recordings of the Korean traditional music. The draft as the results of this study is summarized as follows: In a musical work of a type of non-composition, the popular name is put into square brackets as a uniform title of court music and folk music in the old Korean traditional music, and the composer's original title is put into square brackets as a uniform title of the new Korean traditional music, but the medium of performance and others are omitted except an identifying element. However, for the formulation of uniform title of a type of composition in an instrumental music, the descriptive form consisted of the order of 'name of one type of composition, medium of performance, serial number, opus number, key, and a descriptive word or phrase' is put into square brackets as a uniform title and the identifying elements. And in the vocal music of the old Korean traditional music, the following medium of performance is used: in vocal choruses, a type of voices; in solo voices, a type of solo voice by sex, but one of the new Korean traditional music follows the descriptive form of the western classical music.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.79-96
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• 2015

The purpose of this research was to analyze the clothing behavioral attributes of male music enthusiasts. A questionnaire was developed based on previous researches. Respondents were men who were concerned with music in terms of a job, a major or a hobby. A total of 200 responses were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 through factor analysis with Varimax rotation, ANOVA with post-hoc test(SNK-test) and ${\chi}^2$-test. Music preference was classified into 3 factors: New age/jazz, Hiphop/dance, and Metal rock/ballad factor. 5 Clothing purchasing orientation factors were extruded: hedonic, planned, convenience, brand pursued, and fashion pursued purchasing orientation. Using those factor scores, 3 groups were classified: Group1(G1), preferring Hiphop/dance music with lower hedonic and brand/fashion pursued purchasing orientation; G2, preferring Hiphop/dance music with no interest in clothing shopping and fashion; G3, preferring New age music with high convenience and brand pursued purchasing orientation. In addition, there were significant differences among groups in clothing behavior such as social ostentation, individuality, self-expression, fashionability, conformity; in purchase motivation such as hedonic and trend/designer oriented purchase motivation; in information source like advertisement/media source; and in store choice criteria such as store light/music and popularity. The findings showed even the enthusiasts for the same music showed the different sopping orientation and different clothing behavior, suggesting that a personal value or taste can be a plausible factor to figure out attributes of consumers. An interest/involvement in clothing could be helpful to subdivide the music enthusiasts as the target market.