• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.415-430
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• 2015

Since the late 1990s Vinacafe has gone through strategic changes in corporate governance and managements due to an increase in the introduction of coffee MNCs, a growth of global demands in sustainable coffee, aging coffee tree, and the deterioration of coffee production with climate changes in Vietnam. Vinacafe has attempted to cope with these kinds of changes through strategies for equitization. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to identify strategies for enhancing the competitiveness of the Vietnamese coffee industry by investigating changes in corporate governance and processes of coffee production and distribution. The equitization of Vinacafe has led to the enhancement of coffee competitiveness in two perspectives. Firstly, as it has decentralized decision-making from headquarter, subsidiaries have become able to strength their competitiveness themselves by introducing new technologies, improving coffee quality, and encouraging the introduction of eco-friendly production methods through cooperative relationships with stakeholders involved in coffee production and distributions in Vietnam. Secondly, it has also enhanced competitiveness through the diversification and effectiveness of coffee managements by intensifying the flexibility of contract with coffee farmers and diversifying coffee sales and supply chains in Vietnam.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.88-101
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• 1993

This study is aimed at evaluating the present management status of the rural special production area development projects and identifying managerial problems to propose new direction of the political countermeasures for the projects. In the con text of implementing the five year's economic developent plans for the past three decades, agricultural production and farm-household income have also been grown rapidly. However the income gap between rural and urbarn laborer, as an internal problem, has widened during the decades and the UR problems concerning free trade of agricultural products, as an external problems, are now agonizing the small-holder farm economy in Korea. The internal and external farm problems could be solved through improvement of agricultural structure and provision of off-farm jobs for farm household income increase. As a part of the off-farm income sources, the rural special production area development projects have propelled by the government throughout the country. The main problems to be solved for the successful implementation of the projects are as follows : 1. Present loan amount by the financial fund was estimated at 6-7% of the total installation costs required. To expand and implement the project successfully, enough financial credit support with favorable terms and conditions have to be considered by the government. 2. The operation patterns of the special production area development project should be recommended from the view point of cooperative and private operation to maximize farm household incomes including profits, marketing charges and dividens. 3. Improvement of the marketing channel of the products and marketing information through TV program and other mass communication should be implemented strongly to promote marketsales by the financial supports of the government. 4. In connection with the off-farm income increase, the population migrating to urban area in outside Chungnam province equivalent to 10-12 thousand persons with age of 20-49 years should be taken into account politically to be employed in the projects in the province. 5. Surplus farm labors should be created by means of improvement of agricultural structure including large farm management with farm mechanization and job opportunities have also to be provided in connection with the rural special production area development projects. The two imminent subjects are the prerequisites to increase off-farm incomes for the farmers living in Chungnam province. 6. Required credit supports for investment and operation costs of the projects should be taken actions by the government.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2012

Naehanyuchae and Youngsanyuchae were originated from the cross between "Erra(female)" and "Tower(male)". The cultivars were made at Bioenergy Crop Research Center, National Institute of crop science, Rural Development Administration, Korea in order to develop the high cold tolerant and yielding rapeseed variety with non-erucic acid and non-glucosinolate as good seed quality indicator. The superiorities of these varieties have been shown through the regional performance trials and demonstration farmers fields. Naehanyuchae and Youngsanyuchae had good agronomic characteristics related to yield potential such as many valuable branches and pods, and long pod length. The seeds of these new varieties composed of the 80% of oleic acid and linoleic acid without erucic acid, and glucosinolate was not extracted in the oil cake. The average grain yields increased by the from 16% to 22% according to the regional performance trials compared to check variety.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.143-172
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• 2016

This study analyzes the process of growth of Busan from a fishing village to the capital city of South Gyeongsang Province and the central city of transportation and commerce, and an industry with records. The results of the analysis are as follows: after the port opened in 1876, there has been a decline in settlement spaces in Dongnae; on the other hand, there has been an increase in migration spaces around the port of Busan. Waegwan (倭館) nearby Yongdusan Mountain (龍頭山) was changed to the Japanese concession; thus, the number of Japanese moving into Busan had rapidly increased. As a result, the Japanese government carried out reclamation work for securing available lands for the construction of port facilities and other facilities. The Japanese government built public offices and houses, as well as production facilities for daily necessities around the port of Busan. The opening of the Seoul Busan railway (京釜線) and the cross-channel liner between Busan and Shimonoseki (釜關連絡船) led to the growth of Busan and the development of its status. At this time, as the main industry of Busan was trade, Busan had grown as a commercial city. As Busan had grown as a central city of transportation and commerce, the provincial government building of Gyeongsangnam-do (慶尙南道) moved to Busan. Thus, Busan became the central city of local politics and administration. After the Land Survey Project, a large scale of farmers were recruited for low-wage work in the new port. Because of the abolition of the corporation law, Japanese capitalists moved into their colony in Busan. There, large-scale factories, such as the Joseon cotton textile factory, were established. Through this process, the locality of Busan was changed from a fishing village to a commercial city and, finally, to a city of commerce and industry.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.466-477
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• 2012

This study aimed to develop the comprehensive indicators which can be used for evaluating greenhouse for tomato cultivation. To achieve this aim, the study developed the evaluation indicators composed of evaluation items, grades and criteria by extracting preliminary evaluation items through analyzing the related papers and preceding studies, and conducting Delphi survey on an expert group. During the three surveys, the questions of closed-ended type were given to a panel of 100 experts - professors related to tomato cultivation and facilities, researchers and farmers (practical users). As a result, the finally established evaluation indicators consist of 4 categories and 39 specific evaluation items. The 4 categories are the structural factor of greenhouse, equipment factor of greenhouse, cultivation factor, and infrastructure factor. These factors consist of specific evaluation items of 9, 15, 7 and 8, respectively. In addition, on 39 specific evaluation items, weighted values were calculated and grades and criteria were established by collecting opinions of the experts. The newly developed evaluation indicators through this study will play an important role in developing new greenhouse models, considering things that should be complemented preferentially regarding in-use facilities, and improving the efficiency of projects supported by the government.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.752-758
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• 1997

Urea, which is the major nitrogenous fertilizer used in Korea, has been used inefficiently in direct-seeding on dry soil by farmers. This study was conducted to investigate changes in concentrations of basal N within soil layers and its loss during early stage of rice growth. Urea fertilizer was applied in the rates of 7, 5.25, 3.5, 1.75, 0kg- N /10a under direct-seeded rice in dry paddy soil. The concentrations of ammonium and nitrate were determined in soil samples with different depths during period from seeding to the 3rd leaf stage. Futhermore, N leaching was measured in lysimeter designed with pot in greenhouse. ${NH_4}^+ \; and\; {NO_3}^-$ adsorption by soil increased with increasing concentration of added urea and decreased as deeper in soil layers. ${NH_4}^＋$ concentration reached its peak at 7 days after urea application (DAA) and disappeared almostly at 14 DAA. ${NO_3}^-$ reached its peak at 10 DAA and decreased slowly until 14 DAA. ${NO_3}^-$N leaching started next day after urea application and completed until 11 DAA. We concluded that most of basal N applied to direct-seeded paddy was lost by leaching and not useful for rice plant which was in stage of germination. It is urgent need to develop new nitrogen application method for direct-seeding rice on dry soil.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1980

In 1976, a newly released rice variety, Yushin, was planted in 300,000 ha of the 533,000 ha of cultivated total hecterage with new rice varieties. High productivity and quality were achieved by farmers around country. However, the wilting phenomena of Yushin occured in some regions where were employed poor cultural management, and flowed sewage into the paddy field from industrial factories. This study was identified some factors for the wilting phenomena of Yushin rice variety in morphological and physiological aspects. The Yushin variety showed greater internode elongation on low part of the stems that close related to lodge at heavier nitrogen levels, excessive number of spikelets per unit leaf blade weight i.e. higher sink/source ratio, and greater consumption of respiratory substrate by increased respiration rate of rice plant as compared with those of Tongil rice variety. In physilogical aspects, the Yushin variety was significantly declined root development and root activities under heavy nitrogen conditions. Yushin rice variety was decreased $K_2$O/N ratio, carbohydrate content in stem of rice plant, and physiological root activities specially in low light intensity, 50% light interception plots. Therefore, above factors were mainly promoted the wilting phenomena of Yushin rice variety.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.67-79
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• 2020

As globalization, international cooperation has grown in importance. In accordance with this trend, Korea has been receiving high demands from international organizations about expanding the scale of Official Development Assistance(ODA) in line with its improved national status. In addition, in the economic aspect of Korea, the ODA project is expected to provide new growth opportunities in the mid- to long-term by promoting cooperation with developing countries. Uganda is an area with high strategic value due to good agricultural conditions and favorable geographical conditions. The poultry industry is a business that is generally carried out to the Ugandan, but due to economic problems such as initial investment cost, most of them have raised poultry on a small scale which is not enough for main income. This paper proposes the construction and operation plan of adapting to small poultry farms in the village-intensive type to sustainable income for residents in Uganda through ODA project in Korea's agricultural technology. The economic feasibility was analyzed from the long-term perspective when the initial construction cost was supported or not and the poultry species ratio was adjusted in terms of initial and operating costs. Economic analysis was performed using Net Present Value(NPV) method. As of after 10 years, when operating in the form of shifting kuroiler to layers, it was estimated to earn about 700,000 ugx more than when only kuroiler is raised, and it is able to reduce about 14 million ugx from the initial cost than when only raising layers. As of 20 years, the most profitables scenario was the breeding of 100 kuroilers and 400 layers methods. however, this case was anlayzed to be unsuitable for Uganda farmers, with initial costs more than three times higher than the shifting method of the kuroiler to layers. If the initial construction cost is supported by ODA project, the initial investment cost can be recovered in the first year with the shifting method, whereas raising only layers take two years to recoup the cost. In the meantime, when studying livestock industry in Uganda, it was examined by relying on statistical data, but this paper is meaningful in that it predicted how much it is economically effective based on field experience.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.5
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• pp.197-215
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• 2007

Yangbanxi("model plays") symbolize the Cultural Revolution(1966~1976) in China. The Eight Model Revolutionary Works include five Chinese Modern Peking Operas, namely, Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy(智取威虎山), Harbor(海港), Shaijabang(沙家浜), The Red Lantern(紅燈記), and Raid on the White Tiger Regiment ; (奇襲白虎團), ballets such as The Red Detachment of Women(紅色娘子軍) and The White-Haired Girl(白毛女) ; and a symphony: Shajiabang(沙家浜). On April 24, 1967, Chinese leaders, including Mao Zedong, saw a performance of The White-Haired Girl. Yanbanxi was performed in Beijing between May 24 and June 15 the same year. The Red Lantern was designated as a work for the proletarian classes by Jiang Qing(Mao Zedong's third wife and the most influential woman in China) and spread nationwide. It was also made into a film to be enjoyed by many people. The modern Chinese operas went a long way in their creation of visual images of revolutionary heroes. The Red Lantern, in particular, came to be regarded as the most representative revolutionary opera. In the course of such a process, Jiang Qing used Yangbanxi as a political tool for compelling the people to worship and pledge their allegiance to Mao in an effort to turn the Cultural Revolution into a class struggle on behalf of her husband. During the Cultural Revolution period, artists were made to associate with workers, farmers and soldiers based on the idea of advocating revolutionary arts for the proletarian classes. The characters in The Rend Lantern were portrayed as heroes from the proletarian classes according to the demands of the era. Chinese leaders set forth the principles of artistic expression, stressing three important factors: politics, heroes, and heroic acts, which were to be applied to all the visual arts, including Yangbanxi. This paper attempts to present a new view of fine arts during the Cultural Revolution in China by focusing on the productive significance of a leading style of a specific era in the past. To that end, this paper sheds light on products made in conformance with political instructions, stressing the importance of revolutionary heroes in The Red Lantern.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.237-251
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• 2006

This study was carried out to provide data on current sod production in South Korea. Fifteen items were surveyed including production acreage, species and cultivars, experience on farming, production cost and the others during April to October in 2006. To estimate production acreage, 73 turfgrass growers were interviewed. Estimated acreage for turfgrass production was 2,947 ha. Acreages by province were 1,417 ha in Jeollanam-do(48%), 442 ha in Jeollabuk-do(14.9%), 344 ha in Gyeonggi-do(11.6%), 248 ha in Gyeongsangnam-do(8.4%), and 240 ha in Chungcheongnam-do(8.1%), respectively. The major sod producing regions were Jangseong-gun, Hampyeong-gun, Yeonggwang-gun, Gochang-gun, Sacheon city, Iksan city, Yeoju city, Yeoncheon-gun. Percentage of turf growers over 50 years old was 72.4 percent, which means production was carried out mainly by old farmers. Grower's career over 10 years was 84.8%. Cultivated species and varieties were 'Junggi'(55.5%) of fine-textured Korean lawngrass, common Korean lawngrass(37.4%), Kentucky bluegrass(3.8%), and new zoysiagrass cultivars(0.1%), respectively. Sod size were variable. Sod size of $18{\times}18cm $ was 43.5 percent. Sales route was mainly through sod distributor(40.5%). Sod producing cost was $2,160{\sim}2,730$ won per square meter at Jeolla-do areas.