• 약학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.613-619
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• 2000

The author examined whether the methanol extracts of Opuntia ficus-indica fruit and Saururus chinensis have the inhibitory action on xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO)-, $FeCl_2/ascorbic$ acid- and arachidonic acid-induced neurotoxicity in mouse cortical cell cultures. The methanol extracts ($10\;{\mu}g/ml{\sim}1\;mg/ml$) of Opuntia ficus-indica and Saururus chinensis were exhibited 53-89% and $48{\sim}100%$ inhibitory action on X/XO-induced neurotoxicity, respectively. At the range of same concentration, both extracts also attenuated the $FeCl_2/ascorbic$ acid-induced neurotoxicity by $35{\sim}100%$ and $15{\sim}98%$, respectively. In arachidonic acid neurotoxicity, the methanol extract (1 mg/ml) of Opuntia ficus-indica and Saururus chinensis reduced neuronal injury by 22% and 38%, respectively. These results suggest that Opuntia ficus-indica fruit and Saururus chinensis may contribute the neuroprotection in certain free radical-mediated neuronal injury.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.734-740
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• 2015

Recent studies report that a history of antidepressant use is strongly correlated with the occurrence of Parkinson' disease (PD). However, it remains unclear whether antidepressant use can be a causative factor for PD. In the present study, we examined whether tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline and desipramine can induce dopaminergic cell damage, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that amitriptyline and desipramine induced mitochondria-mediated neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. When injected into mice on a subchronic schedule, amitriptyline induced movement deficits in the pole test, which is known to detect nigrostriatal dysfunction. In addition, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta was reduced in amitriptyline-injected mice. Our results suggest that amitriptyline and desipramine may induce PD-associated neurotoxicity.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.180-185
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• 2022

Objective : Drug-eluting stents and balloons are occasionally used to reduce restenosis in medically intractable intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. The authors aimed to determine whether such drugs can cause neurotoxicity due to local effects in a rat model. Methods : Intra-arterial catheters were placed in the right common carotid artery of rats. Mannitol was injected to transiently open the brain-blood barrier (BBB), followed by high-dose drug (paclitaxel and rapamycin) injection. The optimal time interval of transient BBB opening for maximal drug penetration was determined to be 10 minutes. Paclitaxel and rapamycin were intra-arterially administered in various doses. All the rats were neurologically evaluated, and their brain tissues were histologically examined. Results : Neither neurological deficits nor histological abnormalities were observed in all the rats. Conclusion : Paclitaxel and rapamycin did not cause neurotoxicity in a rat model with transient BBB opening.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.262-266
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• 2002

In order to elucidate the mechanism of cytotoxic effect of oxygen radicals on cultured mouse spinal motor neurons, the neurotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂) was evaluated by MTT assay. The neuroprotective effect of Rhizoma Gastrodiae(RG) against H₂O₂-mediated neurotoxicity was also examined in these cultures by SRB assay. The results were as follows : The value of lethal concentration 50(LC50) of H₂O₂ was estimated at a concentration of 30 uM in these cultures. Cell viability of cultured mouse spinal motor neurons was remarkably decreased by H₂O₂-induced neurotoxicity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. RG was remarkably effective in blocking the neurotoxicity induced by H₂O₂ at a concentration of 120 μM as determined by SRB assay. From above the results, it is suggested that H₂O₂ induce neurotoxicity, and the selective herbal extracted RG was very effective in blocking H₂O₂-mediated neurotoxicity on cultured mouse spinal motor neurons.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2000

We examined the neurotoxic effects of 3 glutathione (GSH) depletors, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), diethyl maleate (DEM) and phorone, under the presence of trolox, cycloheximide (CHX), pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) or MK-801 in primary mouse cortical cell cultures. All three depletors induced neuronal death in dose and exposure time dependent manner, and decreased total cellular GSH contents. The patterns of the neuronal death and the GSH decrements were dependent on the individual agents. DEM $(200\;{\mu}M)$ induced rapid and irreversible decrement of the GSH. BSO (1 mM) also decreased the GSH irreversibly but the rate of decrement was more progressive than that of DEM. Phorone (1 mM) reduced the GSH content to 40% by 4 hr exposure, that is comparable to the decrement of BSO, but the GSH recovered and reached over the control value by 36 hr exposure. BSO showed a minimal neurotoxicity $(0{\sim}10%)$ at the end of 24 hr exposure, but marked neuronal cell death at the end of 48 hr exposure. The BSO (1 mM)-induced neurotoxicity was markedly inhibited by trolox or CHX and partially attenuated by MK-801. DEM induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity at the end of 24 hr exposure. Over the doses of $400\;{\mu}M,$ glial toxicity also appeared. DEM $(200\;{\mu}M)-induced$ neurotoxicity was markedly inhibited by trolox or PDTC. Phorone (1 mM) induced moderate neurotoxicity (40%) at the end of 48 hr exposure. Only CHX showed significant inhibitory effect on the phorone-induced neurotoxicity. These results suggest that the GSH depletors induce neuronal injury via different mechanisms and that GSH depletors should be carefully employed in the researches of neuronal oxidative injuries.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.235-244
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• 2019

본 연구는 배양된 C6 신경교종(glioma) 세포에서 환경오염 원인 황산알루미늄에 의한 신경 독성과 파리풀(PLVAH)추출물의 AS에 의해 유도된 신경 독성에 대한 보호효과를 확인해 보았다. 이를 위해 세포생존력과 전자공여(ED)능, 지질과산화(LP) 저해능 및 과산소음이온라디칼(superoxide anion-radical, SAR) 소거능과 같은 항산화효과를 조사하였다. AS는 용량의존적으로 현저히 세포생존율을 감소시켰고 AS의 $XTT_{50}$ 값은 $120.0{\mu}M$로 측정되었다. AS의 신경 독성은 Borenfreund와 Puerner의 독성 기준에 의해 중간 독성으로 판정되었다. 또한, 항산화제인 catalase (CAT)는 AS의 신경독성에 의해 손상된 세포의 생존력을 현저히 증가시켰다. AS 유발 신경 독성에 대한 PLVAH 추출물의 보호 효과에서, PLVAH 추출물은 ED의 능력, LP의 억제 능력 및 SAR 소거능을 유의하게 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과로부터 산화 스트레스가 AS의 세포독성에 관여하고 있으며, PLVAH 추출물의 항산화 작용에 의해 AS에 의해 유도된 신경 독성을 효과적으로 보호한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. PLVAH 추출물과 같은 천연 성분은 산화스트레스를 만드는 AS와 같은 중금속 화합물로 인한 독성을 치료할 수 있는 잠재적 치료제로 가치가 있다고 사료된다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.89-89
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• 2002

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.101-104
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• 2003

It has been suggested that oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species(ROS) may play a key role in the pathogenesis of neuronal complications. The aim of this study was to examine the cytotoxic effect of hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂) in the cultured mouse cerebral neurons and the protective effect of Schisandrae Fructus(SF) on ROS-induced neurotoxicity. Cytotoxic effect of H₂O₂ and neuroprotective effect of SF were determined by MTT assay. H₂O₂ decreased cell viability in dose-and time-dependent mannner, and SF decreased H₂O₂-induced neurotoxicity in these cultures. From above the results, H₂O₂ has toxic effect, and herb extract, SF is very effective against H₂O₂-induced neurotoxicity in cultured cerebral neurons of mouse.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제31권
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• pp.18.1-18.8
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• 2016

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation in a rural population. Methods A survey was conducted with 543 farmers from Chungcheongnam-do Province using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) for depression, Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS) for social support, Swedish Q16 for neurotoxicity symptoms and a survey tool for farmer's syndrome. Results After adjusting for socioeconomic factors using logistic regression analysis, poor self-rated health, low social support and neurotoxicity were positively associated with the risk of depression (odds ratio [OR], 15.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.11 to 81.97; OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.26 to 7.82; and OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.08 to 12.57, respectively). The risk of suicidal ideation significantly increased with low social support, neurotoxicity and farmer's syndrome (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.18 to 4.40; OR, 6.17; 95% CI, 2.85 to 13.34; and OR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.51 to 9.07, respectively). Conclusions Given the overall results of this study, there is a need to establish programs which can improve the health and social relationships of farmers. Also, when farmers have neurological symptoms from pesticide exposure and characteristic symptoms of farmer's syndrome, a monitoring system for depression and suicide must be made available.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2013

This research observed the interrelations between the active components found specifically in red ginseng and fermented red ginseng from among the variety of ginseng variations and the protective effect and anti-oxidant effect exercised on brain cells in the animal model for MPTP-induced neurotoxic Parkinson's Disease and obtained the following conclusions. The results above comprehensively demonstrated that the fermented red ginseng extract exercised greater protective effects against oxidant brain damage by MPTP when compared to the group administered with the red ginseng extract. This was induced an increase in TH protein expression, and further raised the efficiency of the anti-oxidant enzyme defensive system against neurotoxicity, thereby restraining the lipid peroxidation caused by the active oxygen generated during the course of MPTP metabolism and enhancing the body's defensive capacities in response to tissue damage, thereby demonstrating a protective effect against MPTP induced neurotoxicity.