• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find how the factors of "Grief of loss" affect on the subjective well-being of elderly('the satisfaction with life', 'the positive affect', 'the negative affect). One hundred of subjects, over age 65, participated in the survey and we could find that the "Grief of loss" was composed of four sub-factors('economical loss', 'loss from being parted by death', 'loss of physical functions', 'loss of relations'). These four sub-factors of "Grief of loss" showed negative correlations with the scores of the satisfaction with life. However, three other sub-factors except 'loss from being parted by death' showed negative correlations with the scores of 'the positive affect'. On the other hand, other three sub-factors except 'economical loss' showed positive correlations with the scores of 'the negative affect'. Especially, the 'economical loss' was affecting on 'the negative affect' and 'the positive affect' significantly. Also, 'loss of relations' was affecting on both 'the negative affect' and 'the satisfaction with life''. Two out of the four sub-factors, 'economical loss' and 'loss from being parted by death', showed no significant effects on the subjective well-being. This results insists us that the emotional supports, especially from their offspring, are truly important for elderly to overcome their Grief of loss('loss of physical functions', 'loss of relations')

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.19-28
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• 2020

Purpose: Current study aimed at exploring the effects of ambient anger versus sadness on motive type and coping strategy type when consumers make decision. It focused on whether the negative affects of the anger and the sadness differentially induce approach versus avoidance motive at the place of making decision, and also explored the coping strategy differences between the consumers under the anger and those under the sadness, that is, which strategy is more used between problem-focused strategy and affect-focused strategy when they are under each negative affect. Research design, data and methodology: The experimental groups were divided into two types of group such as the anger-felt group and the sadness-felt group. The experiment was performed with the between-subjects design based on the anger and the sadness. Questionnaire data were collected from undergraduate students assigned to each of the anger group and the sadness group operated by the scenario method, and the data were used to verify research hypotheses by t-test. Results: - First, the anger induced the approach motive more rather than the avoidance motive in making decision. Second, to cope the negative affects, consumers under the anger used problem-focused strategy more than affect-focused strategy, while those under the sadness used affect-focused strategy more than problem-focused strategy. Therefore, this article contributes to the theory related to motive and making decision taken place to consumers under ambient negative emotions. Conclusions: Focusing on the results of this study, there could be managerial implications to brand or product marketing managers. Checking which affect consumers previously felt between anger and sadness when they are under negative affects is at issue to the brand or product marketers when they appeal their brand or product to the consumers. The marketers should build and communicate the messages about their product or brand in the respect of the points of showing problem solution or the best way to handle things to appeal the consumers under the anger. And they should develop and communicate the messages about their product or brand emphasizing the aspects of letting consumers' sad feelings out somehow or controlling their emotions to the consumers under sadness.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.375-383
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• 2021

The justice issue in the service recovery process has become an interesting topic especially in rural banks in Indonesia. There are two types of justice issues in handling the complaint process; distributive and informational. This study aims to analyze the effect of distributive and informational justice on complaint handling satisfaction. This study also examines the mediating role of positive and negative emotions on the effect of justice in post-merger rural banks. This research employs a survey by distributing a questionnaire to 238 customers who have complained to one of the post-merger rural banks in West Java and Yogyakarta. This study uses the structural equation modelling (SEM) method by WarpPLS software. The results reveal that distributive and informational justice have a positive effect on positive and negative emotions, while informational justice does not affect positive and negative emotions. Distributive and informational justice directly affect satisfaction over complaint handling. On the other hand, positive and negative emotions affect satisfaction over complaint handling. The findings of this study suggest that positive emotion also mediates the distributive justice effect on satisfaction over complaint. Lastly, positive and negative emotions do not mediate the informational justice effect on satisfaction over complaint handling at post-merger rural banks in West Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.305-324
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• 2007

We surveyed the emotional images of three kinds of scientific technologies in people's mind and the perception of technologies in terms of their risks and benefits. The contents of the image and their image values were used to estimate the affects on each technology. As an affect heuristic hypothesis predicted, people perceived the technology more beneficial or riskier depending on their overall affect. In other words, those who have positive affect on the technology Perceived less risky and more beneficial than those who have negative affect. On the other hand, those who have negative affect on the technology perceived riskier and less beneficial than those who have positive affect. We also found negative relationship between the perceived risk and perceived benefit of each technology. The implications of our findings that suggest affective heuristic were discussed in terms of the measurements of affect and the necessity of communication of scientific technologies with the public.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.224-244
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• 1993

This study was designed to develop and test a model of the theoretical structure of factors influencing womens’ attitudes toward menstruation, specifically, premenstrual discomfort or pain, negative affect, disability and role acceptance. The conceptual framework was built through a review of the literature. For the purpose of testing the model, data were collected from April to June, 1992 with the use of Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire, Sex Role Acceptance Scale. Data analysis was done with the SPSS PC/sup +/ for descriptive statistics and PC-LXSREL 7.13 for covariance structure. The study subjects consisted of 320 women college students in 2 three-year nursing junior colleges and 1 department of nursing of a college of medicine. The mean age of the subjects was 19, the mean age at monarch was 13.7, the mean menstrual cycle was 29.7 days and the mean menstrual duration was 5.3 days. The amount of menstrual discharge was moderate and the menstrual cycle variability was within 3 days. The score for pain, negative affect and disability were higher during the perimenstrual period than intermenstrual period. The fit of the hypothetical model with the six paths and the empirical data was high [X²(df=4)=. 57 (P=.966), GFI =.999, AGFI =.997, RMR=.008]. The hypotheses were supported on acceptable level of significance. 1) The higher the pain and negative affect, the stronger the disability. 2) The higher the pain, negative affect and disability, the more negative the attitudes toward menstruation. 3) The lower the women's role acceptance, the more negative the attitudes toward menstruation. The model was supported by the empirical data, and thus these results may help nurses and nursing scientists to understand and support these phenomena of womens’ health experience.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

This study used a quasi-experimental method to investigate if both travel involvement and the degree of recall of a traumatic event affect subjective well-being. For this, independent variables such as positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction were established. Four waves of data collection were performed with two to three weeks intervals, then the collected longitudinal data were analysed by repeated measure ANOVA. The study results indicated that travel involvement increases positive affect and life satisfaction, with the effect lasting four weeks or more, which means that travel is an effective tool to boost subjective well-being. Respondents who thought about a traumatic event more frequently had a much higher negative affect following the disaster, and such increased negative affect was maintained over seven weeks or longer. Therefore, this study finds that negative events produce larger, more consistent, or more lasting effects than positive events. As well as travel participation, visiting an urban park is a pleasurable experience. Therefore, the study also finds that urban parks could be utilized for increasing and maintaining subjective well-being in the middle and long term as well as lessening personal stress.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.41-60
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• 2020

In this study, we examined the effects of video game play on a variety of areas of mental well-being, such as aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, prosocial behavior, prosocial attitude, antisocial behavior, antisocial attitude, positive affect, and negative affect. We conducted a multivariate meta-analysis on 22 studies (k= 54, N = 8,031) published between January 2008 and October 2019. The results of the meta-analysis indicate that exposure to violent video games significantly increased aggressive cognition and negative affect only in true experimental studies, but their influences were small. Furthermore, the exposure to violent video games did not increase aggressive behavior and negative affect across all the research designs (true experimental, quasi-experimental, and correlational). Moderator analyses revealed that the effects of exposure to violent video games were much larger for younger adults than for children and greater in male-biased studies than in gender-balanced ones. Additionally, studies using better methodologies were less likely to produce negative effects. These findings suggest that the effects of exposure to violent video games on aggression were not as severe as popular opinion holds, and the effects were heavily modulated by the age and gender ratio of the participants, and methodological quality of the studies.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.342-350
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to find out how the perceived waiting time of viewers of e-sports games affects negative emotions and how these negative emotions affect viewing satisfaction, viewing attitude, and continuous viewing intention. To achieve the purpose of this study, 200 viewers who watched e-sports games more than two to three times were targeted. 197 copies were selected as the final valid sample after excluding three of the collected questionnaires that showed unfaithful answers. For data processing methods, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and structural equation model analysis were conducted using SPSS 27 and AMOS 25. Through this, the following results were obtained. First, it was found that the perceived waiting time of the viewer had a significant effect on the viewers' negative emotions in the event of a game pause. Second, viewers' negative emotions were found to have a significant effect on viewing attitudes, but not on viewing satisfaction. Third, it was found that viewing attitude had a significant effect on viewing satisfaction and continuous viewing intention. Fourth, it was found that viewing satisfaction had a significant effect on continuous viewing intention. In other words, the more acceptable and shorter the perceived waiting time due to the suspension of the game pause, the lower the negative emotions of the viewers, and the negative emotions of the viewers ultimately affect the intention to continue watching through viewing attitude and viewing satisfaction.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2019

Background: This study is designed to estimate the factors that affect the level of three different performance (publicity, efficiency, profitability) among regional public hospitals. Methods: The units of analysis are the regional 30 hospitals, which have the operating data during 22 years (from 1933 to 2014). The research method is used by fixed panel analysis. The publicity is measured by medicaid outpatient proportion and medicaid inpatient proportion. The efficiency is measured by two types of efficient score by DEA (data envelopment analysis). The profitability is measured by medical income to medical revenue and ROA (return on total asset). Results: At first, the increase of bed gives negative affect to the publicity but give positive effect to the efficiency and profitability. Because it means the increase of the region population, it gives more profitability compare to hospital with small number of beds. The more the operating period is the higher effect to the publicity and efficiency because of it's refutation. The debt ratio gives negative effect to publicity, but positive effect to profitability. It is the normal belief that there is inverse relationship between publicity and profitability. The turnover rate of bed gives the negative affect to the publicity, but positive affect to the efficiency and profitability. That give us the implication that type of the inpatient make different effect the hospital performance. The ratio of labor cost give negative effect to all kind of performance. That means that the higher labor cost don't mean the higher publicity and labor cost control is very important factors to hospital performance. So the region hospital have to focus the labor factors more to make higher performance. Conclusion: As the conclusion, the independent variables give similar effect to the efficiency and the profitability, but give inverse effect to the publicity. That means that if an region hospital want to make the more publicity, it loss the higher efficiency and profitability. Specially publicity is higher negative relation with the profitability.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.203-232
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the parallel dual mediating effects of positive and negative affects in the relationship between adult attachment and self-compassion of teachers in the early childhood education and care centers. Methods: Two hundred and six teachers participated in the survey who were recruited from kindergarten and child care centers in Seoul and five provinces in South Korea. The data were analyzed by means of frequency, percentages, Cronbach's reliability coefficient and Pearson's correlation using SPSS 25.0 and model 4 provided in The PROCESS macro for SPSS 3.4 version. Results: First, the teachers' degrees of anxiety and avoidance in their adult attachment were below the median scores. Those of positive and negative affects, and their self-compassion were close to the median scores. Second, there were parallel dual mediation effects of positive and negative affects between anxious attachment and self-compassion of teachers. Meanwhile, only positive affect had a mediating effect in the path of teachers' avoidant attachment and self-compassion. Conclusion/Implications: This study confirmed that it is important to raise positive affect by lowering each level of anxiety and avoidance in their attachment for teachers in order to improve their self-compassion. It implied the need to provide support for attachment stability enhancement and to pay attention to improve their self-compassion.