• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.473-480
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc) needle extract (PNE) on membrane fluidity and oxidative stress in liver membranes of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats as a study on investigation of anti-aging effect and determination of chemical structures of PNE through the animal experiments. Male SD rats were fed basic diets (control group) and experimental diets (0.5% and 1.0%-PNE group) for 6 weeks. Administrations of 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE resulted in a marked decreases (15∼25% and 23∼26%, respectively) in cholesterol accumulations of liver mitochondria and microsomes compared with control group. Membrane fluidities were significantly increased (15∼25%) in liver microsomes of 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups compared with control group. Formations of basal and induced oxygen radicals (BOR and IOR) in liver mitochondria were significantly inhibited (11∼12% and 10∼15%, respectively) by administrations of 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE compared with control group. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were remarkbly decreased about 20% in liver mitochondria and microsomes of 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups compared with control group. Oxidized protein levels calculated with carbonyl group were significantly decreased about 15% in liver mitochondria of 1.0%-PNE group compared with control group. These results suggest that PNE may play a effective role in a attenuating a oxidative stress and increasing a membrane fluidity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.466-472
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• 1999

These studies were designed to investigate the effects of pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc.) needle extract (PNE) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver membranes of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats as a study on investigation of anti-aging effect and determination of chemical structures of PNE through the animal experiments. Male SD rats were fed basic diets (control group) and experimental diets (0.5% and 1.0%-PNE group) for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in hydroxyl radical (·OH) formations of liver mitochondria and microsomes in 0.5%-PNE group, while ·OH formations were significantly decreased (10% and 18%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes of 1.0%-PNE group compared with control group. Microsomal hydrogen peroxides and cytosolic superoxide radicals were remarkably decreased (20% and 20∼25%, respectively) in 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities in mitochondria were significantly increased about 10% in 1.0%-PNE group, while Mn-SOD activities in mocrosomes were remarkably increased (16∼20%) in 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups compared with control group. There were no significant differences in Cu, Zn-SOD activities of liver cytosol in 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups, while glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly decreased (28∼30% and 15∼30%, respectively) in liver cytosols of 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups compared with control group. These results suggest that these PNE may play a effective role in a attenuating a oxygen radical formations and increasing a scavenger enzyme activities.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제81권1호
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• pp.30-39
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• 1992

인위적으로 농도를 조절한 Al용액과 인공산성우처리가 4수종의 종자발아와 유근의 생장, 잎의 피해, 묘목생장에 미치는 영향을 알아 보고자, 혼합토양을 채운 pot와 발아 시험기에 종자를 파종하였다. 황산을 지하수로 묽힌 pH3.0, 4.0 및 5.0의 인공산성우와 지하수 및 Al 용액(0.5, 1.0 및 2.5 mM aluminum ammoniumsulfate)을 처리하면서 종자발아율, 유근생장, 엽피해율 및 묘목생장을 측정하여 처리간 비교분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 소나무는 pH5.0 처리구에서, 가중나무는 대조구에서, 함박꽃나무는 pH3.0 처리구에서 각각 발아 및 득묘율이 가장 높았다. 2. 묘고생장에 있어서 소나무와 리기다소나무에서는 처리간 통계적 유의차가 인정되었으나, 함박꽃나무와 가중나무에서는 통계적 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 소나무와 리기다소나무는 pH3.0 처리구에서, 함박꽃나무는 pH4.0 처리구에서, 가중나무는 대조구에서 각각 묘고가 가장 크게 나타났다. 3. 개체당 건중량에서 소나무, 리기다소나무 및 가중나무에서는 처리간 통계적 유의차가 인정되었으나, 함박꽃나무에서는 통계적 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 함박꽃나무와 가중나무는 pH4.0 처리구에서, 소나무는 pH3.0 처리구에서, 리기다소나무는 pH5.0 처리구에서 각각 최대건중량을 보였다. 4. 처리산성우의 pH 값이 작아질수록 피해엽수 및 피해개체수가 증가하는 경향이었다. 5. 토양산도는 모든 수종에서 처리간 고도의 통계적 유의차가 인정되었다. 6. 소나무의 유근생장은 용액의 산도와 Al농도간에 통계적 유의차가 인정되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제79권2호
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• pp.127-137
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• 1990

솔잎혹파리에 대한 내충성(耐蟲性) 품종(品種)을 육성(育成)하기 위하여 곰솔과 소나무의 자연잡종(自然雜種)으로 추정(推定)되는 개체(個體)를 선발(選拔)하고 소나무의 선발개체(選拔個體)에 대(對)한 특성(特性)을 조사(調査)한바 다음과 같다. 1. 선발개체(選拔個體)들의 현지(現地)에서 생장상태(生長狀態)는 자연잡종(自然雜種) 소나무에서는 총평균직경생장량(總平均直徑生長量) 및 최근(最近) 5년간(年間)의 직경생장량(直徑生長量)은 곰솔과 소나무의 중간(中間)정도를 나타내고 있으나 개체간(個體間)에 변이(變移)가 심하였다. 2. 침엽(針葉)의 수지청(樹脂淸) 위치(位置)에 대(對)한 RDI는 0.10이상(以上)되는 개체(個體)들을 잡종(雜種)소나무로 간주하고 침엽(針葉)의 길이, 엽초장에서 곰솔은 길고 소나무는 약간 짧으며 기공(氣孔)의 열간(列間) 간격(間隔)은 곰솔에서는 넓고 소나무에서는 좁게 나타나고 있으나 잡종(雜種)소나무는 중간(中間) 수치(數値)를 나타내고 있으나 개체간(個體間)에는 변이(變移)가 많았다. 3. 구과(毬果) 및 종자(種子)의 크기와 실중(實重)에서도 곰솔이 크고 소나무는 곰솔보다 작게 나타나고 있으나 잡종(雜種)소나무는 중간형태(中間形態)를 나타내고 있으며 개체간(個體間)에는 변이(變異)가 심하였다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)에서 침엽(針葉), 구과(毬果) 및 종자(種子)의 특성(特性)에서 한가지 특성(特性)만으로 잡종(雜種)소나무를 구분(區分)하는것 보다는 여러가지 특성(特性)을 종합(綜合)하여 판단(判斷)하는 것이 옳다고 생각된다. 4. 잡종(雜種)소나무에서 동위효소(同位酵素) ADH-$B_2$, ME-$A_2$ 및 PGI-$B_1$, $B_2$의 대립유전자(對立遺傳子)가 곰솔에서 이입(移入)된 것으로 본다면 잡종(雜種)소나무를 동위효소(同位酵素)에 의하여 쉽게 판단(判斷)할 수 있으나 이러한 인자(因子)가 나타나지 않는 개체(個體)들은 직별(職別)이 어렵다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.108-108
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• 2022

Pine (Pinaceae family such as Pinus densiflora, P. rigida, and P.taeda) has been used as traditional medicine, its various parts (pine needle, bark, sap) have been used for hemostasis, bruises, and burns. These species were reported that have phenolics and flavonoids. We evaluated the anti-inflammation effects of PRT in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages. These results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of cone from Pinus rigida x P.taeda (ECRT) stabilized free radicals by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreasing the production of nitric oxide (NO). ECRT decreased the expressions of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2). In addition, ECRT significantly suppressed mRNA levels of inflammation-related factors such as cytokines, iNOS, and COX-2. As a result, ECRT was related to alleviating various pro-inflammatory mediators through IκB/NF-κB signaling pathways, including p65 translocation to the nucleus.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.165-173
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• 1987

Odong Island, Yeosu, is the one of the Hallyosudo National Marine Park. The vegetation of this island was surveed from July, 1986 through April, 1987. By the Braun-Blanquet's method, the vegetation of Odong Island was classified into 7 communities and 4 afforestations; that is, Pseudosasa japonica community and Phyllostachys bambusoides afforestation (bamboo stands), Mallotus japonicus, Quercus acutissima community, Prunus serrulata var. spontanes and Celtis sinenesis afforestation (deciduous forests), Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii community, Chamaecyparis pisifera afforestation (evergreen needle-leaved forests), and Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii-Camellia japonica and Machilus thunbergii-Camellia japonica community (evergreen broad-leaved forests). Based on the classification, the actual vegetation map of the island was prepared in scale 1:2,600. Judging by the DBH class distribution and many other informations, ww can expect that the coniferous forests area of the island will be replaced by evergreen broad-lea ed forests after a few future.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 1983

Vegetatiion structure and population dynamcis of pine needle gall midge were investigated from 1980 to 1982 at the southern part of Palgong mountain near Daegu. The results of investigation at the areas of A (pure stand), B(30% mixed forest) adn C(60% mixed forest) were as follow; Vegeation of 3 areas were not classified by the species diversity, but by the unequal distribution of Alnus hirsuta, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Quercus variabilis and vitality of Pinus densiflora at the area C was low, due to shadow by broad-leaf trees. Soil environmental factors at 3 areas not characteristic, but the average of humus contents showed high significance and the order was A

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.293-297
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• 1997

To develope natural food preservatives of pine needle (Pinus densiflora Seib et Zucc.) extract, pine needle sap, ethanol and ether extracts were prepared for investigation of antimicrobial activities against food-related bacteria and yeasts. All extracts exhibited growth inhibiting activities for most of microorganisms tested. However, in general, growth inhibiting activities were higher in ethanol extract than in sap or ether extract. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ethanol extract for Lactobacillus casei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherchia coli were as low as 0.1 mg/ml, whereas MIC of sap or ether extract for most bacteria and yeasts were 0.25-0.8mg/ml, indicating that the ethanol extract showed the antimicrobial activity by 2.5 $\sim$8 times higher than the sap and ether extract. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract was reduced by heating or alkali treatment. Moreover, growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was completely inhibited within 24 hours by the addition of at least 50ppm of ethanol extract. These findings suggest that pine needle, specially the ethanol extrat may play a role for natural food preservatives.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 1998

To investigate the effect of pine needle extract (PNE) on membrane fluidirt and neurotransmiter-related enzymes in brain of Spragu-Dawley(SD), male SD rats were fed basic diets (control group), and experimantal diets (PNE group)with 0.5% and 0.1% fo PNE for 6 weeks. pine (pinus tabulaeformis C$_{ARR}$ is one of the popular plant drugs which has used as a medicine in Asia. Cholesterol levels in brain mitochondria of 0.5%-PNE and 0.1%-PNDE groups were significantly decreased in 15% and 25%, respectively, compared with control group, but cholesterol levels in brain microsomes of these PNE groups howed almost no change compared with control group. Lipofuscin accumulations in brain membranes of 0.5%-PNE and 0.1%-PNE groups were sgnificantly inhibited in 18% and 21%, respectively, compared with control group. Brain memberance fluidity was also activated in 50% and 100% by the administration of 0.5%-PNE and 0.1%-PNE. higher acetylcholinesterase(15% and25%) and lower monoamine oxidase B (25% and 15%0 activities were effectively modulated by the administration of 0.5%-PNE and 0.1%-PNDE. These results suggest that more beneficial effects such as inhibition of cholesterol and lipofuscin, increase of membrane fluidity, higher acetylcholinesterase and lower monoamone oxidase activities in brain membranes of SD rats may be effectively modulated by administration of pine needle extract (PNE).

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제83권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1994

대기오염물질(大氣汚染物質)에 의한 조경수목(造景樹木)들의 피해(被害)의 감수성(感受性) 정도를 조사하기 위하여 서울, 대전 등 대도시(大都市) 지역과 광릉(光陵)지역을 선정하고 소나무, 잣나무, 은행나무, 튜립나무 및 양버즘나무 잎을 채취하여 MDA 함량(含量)을 측정하였다. 또한 소나무, 잣나무, 스트로브잣나무, 은행나무 및 튜립나무에 무처리(無處理), 0.5, 1.5 및 2.5 ppm의 $SO_2$ 가스를 각각 하루에 4시간(時間)씩 6일간(日間) 처리(處理)한 후, 잎의 MDA 함량(含量)을 측정(測定), 분석(分析)하였다. 은행나무, 양버즘나무 및 튜립나무의 MDA 함량(含量)은 비오염지역(非汚染地域)보다 오염지역(汚染地域)에서 높았으며, 조사대상(調査對象) 수종중(樹種中) 튜립나무의 MDA 함량(含量)이 제일 높았다. 소나무와 잣나무에서는 엽령(葉令)이 높아질수록 MDA 함량(含量)이 증가하였다. $SO_2$, 처리시(處理時) 튜립나무는 처리농도(處理濃度)가 높아질수록 MDA 함량(含量)이 증가하였으나 다른 수종에서는 처리농도(處理濃度)에 따라 큰 차이(差異)가 나타나지 않았다. $SO_2$를 6일간(日間) 처리(處理)했을 때 5수종(樹種) 모두 처리일(處理日)이 경과함에 따라 MDA 생성(生成)이 증가하였으며, 특히 튜립나무는 MDA 생성(生成)이 뚜렷하게 높았으며, 처리(處理)개시 후 점정 증가하여 처리(處理) 4일 만에 최대치(最大値)를 나타내다가 그 후에는 감소하였다.